By Cliff Pavlovic, Ph.D A study comparing technology transfer between Quebec (Canada) and Flanders (Belgium), specifically between 2 technology transfer units.

1. Univalor & LRD:
A brief comparative study of technology
transfer units
What factors facilitate technology transfer?
By Cliff Pavlovic, M.Sc, Ph.D
November 2010
Leuven (Flemish Brabant), Belgium, & Montréal (Québec), Canada

2. Page | 2
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Table of Contents
Summary.......................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................4
Background ...............................................................................................................................................5
Technology transfer..............................................................................................................................5
Overview of organizations being studied .................................................................................................5
Univalor.................................................................................................................................................5
LRD ........................................................................................................................................................6
Roots of success: Key differentiators regarding LRD ....................................................................................7
Technology transfer: Low barrier of entry................................................................................................7
Technology transfer: Setting up the Return on Investment.....................................................................8
Easy access and proper tools: A mix for success ....................................................................................10
New outcomes to measure.....................................................................................................................10
Conclusions: Technology transfer, a holistic approach ..............................................................................12
Recommendations..................................................................................................................................12
1-Lower the barrier of entry for faculty to benefit from technology transfer ...................................12
2-Tools to facilitate IP valorisation for the actors involved in technology transfer ...........................12
3-New outcomes indicating economic development.........................................................................12
Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................................13
Works Cited.................................................................................................................................................14

3. Page | 3
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Summary
The purpose of this study is to compare two different technology transfer units, Univalor from Montréal
(Canada) and Leuven Research & Development (LRD) from Leuven (Belgium), with the goal of
determining what can be recommended to improve the efficacy of technology transfer in Canada. The
rationale behind this approach is to learn from LRD, which has a long and successful history in the field
of valorization.
Although there are a few differences between both units (structurally, environmentally or functionally),
the focus turned to the main points which facilitate and improve the efficiency and experience of
technology transfer. The points being having an internal VC fund to facilitate spin-off creation, a patent
fund to allow timely IP protection, a low barrier of entry into technology transfer for researchers, and
measuring new outcomes for technology transfer efficiency.
Following discovery of the main points of difference which permit an improved technology transfer
ability, three recommendations are put forward: 1) to lower the barrier of entry, for researchers, to
technology transfer, 2) to put in place tools, for the technology transfer professionals, to facilitate IP
valorisation, and 3) to use outcomes which are a better indicator of (or effect on) economic
development.

4. Page | 4
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to do a comparison between two technology transfer entities, Univalor in
Montréal (Québec, Canada) and K.U.Leuven Research & Development (LRD) in Leuven (Flemish Brabant,
Belgium). The goal is to determine what can be recommended to improve the efficacy of technology
transfer in Canada by learning from LRD, which has a long and successful history in the field of
valorization.
The data and information collected to make this report are from the various actors and documentation
within LRD and Univalor, as well as within K.U.Leuven and Université de Montréal, as well as from my
own in-the-field experience, working as a technology transfer professional at both units (at the time of
the writing of this report: 6 months at LRD and 12 months at Univalor).
Some work has been done in regards to comparing different technology transfer systems, albeit at a
conceptual level. The master’s thesis of David Melviez (1), published in 2008, was a case study regarding
technology transfer in Canada and Belgium. The thesis provides very good background information on
both Univalor and LRD, as well as the context in which they operate. Although the thesis does provide to
be an interesting case study at an academic level, it does not delve into the application and
consequences of the various processes found in technology transfer. This report will focus on more
practical observations and applications in regards to technology transfer in Canada and Belgium, from
the perspective of a technology transfer professional who has worked in both systems.

5. Page | 5
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Background
Technology transfer
A general description can be found in Wikipedia(2), which states:
Technology transfer is the process of sharing of skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of
manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among governments and other institutions to
ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can
then further develop and exploit the technology into new products, processes, applications, materials or
services.
Within the context of this report, technology transfer is the sharing of technological developments from
academia with industry or through the creation of spin-offs, for the purpose of commercialization.
Overview of organizations being studied
Univalor
Univalor is a limited partnership founded in 2001 whose mission is to accelerate the transfer to industry
of the results of research undertaken by researchers from the Université de Montréal, its affiliated
schools and most of its affiliated hospitals (3).
In this context and in pursuit of its mission, Univalor benefits from financial support from the Ministère
du développement économique, de l'Innovation et de l'Exportation (MDEIE), the Economic Development
Agency of Canada (CED), and from the financial and logistical contribution of each of the institutions it
serves (4).
Univalor itself is a separate private entity where a multidisciplinary team of experts guides researchers
and interact with the industry (1). Univalor has numerous interactions with the financial community and
the industry, and recently put in place a patent fund to facilitate IP protection.
Organizational structure
Univalor has a subject-based structure (i.e. health sciences, engineering) where roles and responsibilities
are clearly defined (Figure 1).

6. Page | 6
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Figure 1: Univalor’s organizational structure
IP Ownership and Policy
The IP initially belongs to the researcher or the university, but in any case the researcher has to assign
the IP to the university and at the same time, the IP must be assigned to its limited partnership which is
managed by the technology transfer firm (in this case, Univalor) for valorization and commercialization
to proceed. (1).
LRD
K.U.Leuven Research & Development (LRD) is the technology transfer office (TTO) of K.U.Leuven. Since
1972 a multidisciplinary team of experts guides researchers in their interaction with industry and
society, and the valorisation of their research results (5).
LRD is a separate unit within the university that aims to promote and support the transfer of knowledge
and technology, between on one hand the university and on the other industry and society. In order to
do this, LRD offers professional advice about legal, technical as well as business-related issues. In
addition, LRD is financial independent and self-sufficient (5).
LRD is also the recipient of the 2008 IPTEC Tech Transfer Award, in recognition of an outstanding record
in technology transfer(5).
Organizational structure
LRD has a flat management structure (Figure 2). Within this structure, close interaction & collaboration
between the different units is promoted and all the units involved in scouting for new projects.

7. Page | 7
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Figure 2: LRD’s organizational structure
IP Ownership and Policy
IP belongs to the university and LRD is part of the university structure; therefore there is a simplified
legal procedure due to being part of the university. In addition, the commercialization is not dependent
of a process of assigning the IP from the researcher to the university.
Roots of success: Key differentiators regarding LRD
After observing the structural and procedural differences between the two units, it is only when a more
in-depth (and long term) study is conducted that the key differentiators are observed and their
importance determined. The focus here will not be on all aspects or differences found, but on the key
ones having an important impact on the efficacy of technology transfer.
Technology transfer: Low barrier of entry
A structure of divisions within the university was created to allow researchers across departments to
collaborate and even generate income, either through new IP or contract work.
Looking at the divisional structure put into place at K.U.Leuven, this system allows reinvestment of
proceeds from commercialized IP into further research. The labs that do so reinvest not just in applied
research but in fundamental research as well, since fundamental research today could be translated into
applied work years down the road. This allows labs to complement public funding with income from
inventions.

8. Page | 8
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
It is important to note that researchers are free to conduct their research as they see fit, and
researchers can always rely on governmental grants (either completely or in part) to pursue their work.
Another benefit of this type of arrangement is having a de facto internal technology transfer public
relations system: success that researchers have when valorizing their discoveries are more easily
communicated to the rest of the faculty, which has the beneficial effect of promoting technology
transfer without requiring any additional effort from LRD itself. This increases the awareness, within the
university, of the technology transfer office and what they do.
Technology transfer: Setting up the Return on Investment
A perception of tech transfer, which is not necessarily true, is that it is a loss-making proposition. That is,
except for a periodic blockbuster, losses are inevitable. This is not necessarily due to policy or structure,
but a perception within the public, which can affect how policy is determined. In Leuven, the view is the
opposite: profit (even for a non-profit entity) is possible. This is not just by looking at the current
financial situation, but by examining how technology transfer was implanted initially. To get a return on
investment, you need to have the right foundation: An internal VC was put into place to help with the
creation of spin-offs and a patent fund was created to facilitate IP protection.
The internal VC fund, called the “Gemma Frisius Fund”, was set up in the late 90’s in conjunction with
two financial partners (BNP Paribas and KBC). With the fund there is no need to initially solicit outside
venture funding, especially important when external funding dries up periodically, due to the cyclical
nature of the economy. An example of the effect can be seen in figure 3, where there is a marked
increase of spin-offs created after inception of the fund (which was in 1997).

9. Page | 9
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Figure 3: Number of spin-offs created by LRD (cumulative number)
There are two other benefits in having an internal VC fund: 1) the development of expertise and 2) the
development of a financial network. The internal VC fund allowed LRD to begin a closer relationship with
the finance sector, which in turn brought a better understanding in what was needed, in preparation
and information, when requesting funding for a start-up. On the other end, the financial partners were
able to observe how committed the university was in ensuring technologies succeeded when spun-off.
Furthermore, having the relationship with the financial partners of the fund allowed more doors to be
opened to more external funding, due to the credibility conferred by having a pre-existing relationship
with the financial sector.
In regards to the patent fund, the goal was to facilitate IP protection by negating the need to go outside
the university. All of this was done in addition to any programs or grants offered by the various
governmental levels. The biggest advantages conferred by the patent fund were 1) the ability not to rely
solely on external funding deadlines (e.g. government grants) and 2) not be limited by a researcher’s
financial situation (e.g. lack of funds) in regards to IP protection. Therefore this fund gives the
technology transfer professionals of LRD the flexibility and speed needed when it comes to IP
protection.
The combination of these steps facilitates the protection and commercialisation of IP at LRD, whether
via licensing or via spin-offs. Combined with the Flemish decree (that made any IP, created within the
university, belong to it) and by having a clear view of the incentives of IP exploitation, this provides a low
barrier of entry for the researchers to get their technology from the bench to the market.

10. Page | 10
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Easy access and proper tools: A mix for success
The combination of a VC fund, a divisional structure and a patent fund allows LRD to have more
flexibility and freedom when it comes to valorizing university IP. In Univalor steps have actually been
taken to allow this type of flexibility, with an internal discretionary fund to help in technology
valorization. One of the objectives of this fund is to cover for patent protection when other funds cannot
be obtained in a reasonable amount of time. This is an excellent initiative benefiting technology transfer
in Quebec.
Furthermore, the availability of numerous internal funding sources (e.g. funds for research and
development from the divisions, the internal patent funds) allows for the incubation of innovations,
allowing them to attain a stronger position for either licensing or spinning off.
New outcomes to measure
Currently, whether in Belgium (i.e. Flanders) or Canada (i.e. Quebec), as well as in the rest of the world,
the question regularly asked is: what outcomes need to be measured when trying to determine the
effectiveness of technology transfer? The most popular outcomes currently being measured are: the
amount of royalties collected, number of patents (either applied for or granted), and number of spin-
offs produced.
Although easy to measure, they are by no means perfect, since the number of patents or spin-offs do
not necessarily equate to a positive economic outcome, either for the university or the region in which
the university is located.
In this regard, LRD is trying to bring in new outcomes that reflect more the economic impact technology
transfer can have. Now this is not exactly a direct comparison with Univalor, but more of an observation
to be pointed out in regards to LRD. It is a forward looking approach, where the focus is on economic
development, not simply on the metrics themselves.
One new outcome is measuring the 3rd
party funding that comes into a region due to internal funding of
spin-offs (Figure 4). It shows that, over time, an injection of funds into start-ups can have a substantial
effect on regional economic development.

11. Page | 11
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Figure 4: Investments in spin-offs 2005 – 2009 (in Euros, 2009)
Of course this is not the sole outcome to measure, but it is a better indicator of how tech transfer from
universities can be an economic engine, to be used in conjunction with currently used outcomes. This is
very important, especially to increase general awareness of what technology transfer can accomplish,
whether it be at a municipal, provincial or national level. Moreover, this also helps increase general
awareness with the public, which is important since a great number are not aware of what technology
transfer is and what it can accomplish.
Another outcome that can be measured is the indirect job creation due to technology transfer.
Especially with spin-offs, you have creation of high level (i.e. high education) jobs, but simply focusing on
this is only part of the story. The creation of jobs mean that there are now more people with disposable
income and needs in a given area, which means other facets of society can benefit such as, for example,
the service sector (e.g. banking, insurance), the support sector (e.g. plumbing, car repair, cleaning) as
well as the restaurant sector (e.g. pubs, bistros, coffee shop). This in turn can lead to the creation and
sustainability of secondary employment, which is very beneficial to any economic region, to support
these new high level jobs and the companies that created them.
It is important to note that there are many other outcomes that could be used and some may already be
used internally at the different technology transfer units, in Belgium or Canada. The goal is to use them
more openly, to showcase to the public (and stakeholders) the beneficial effects of technology transfer.
4,356,000
325,000,000
0
50,000,000
100,000,000
150,000,000
200,000,000
250,000,000
300,000,000
350,000,000
K.U.Leuven Third Parties

12. Page | 12
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Conclusions: Technology transfer, a holistic approach
The success of LRD is due to a multi-directional approach, where the sources of innovation and well as
the professionals who assist them are given the necessary tools and environment to bring about a
successful tech transfer outcome, either via spin-offs or licensing.
In regards to the system in Québec, steps that can be taken to improve further how technology transfer
is done, to the benefit of all involved. This is by no means a declaration that the system in Québec does
not work; it is simply an observation on how to improve the output of technology transfer already being
done, using proven approaches from elsewhere, which was the purpose and scope of this study.
Moreover, the quality of the technology transfer professionals at both locations is very high; the
personnel could easily work in each other’s environment with ease and efficiency.
In the end, this study is simply a snapshot of part of the story which makes up the technology transfer
ecosystem in Leuven, in which LRD plays a major role.
Recommendations
Following the analysis and discovery of points of difference which can provide an improved technology
transfer ability, three main recommendations are put forward:
1- Lower the barrier of entry for faculty to benefit from technology transfer
2- Put in place tools to facilitate IP valorisation for the actors involved in technology transfer
3- Using outcomes which show economic development
1-Lower the barrier of entry for faculty to benefit from technology transfer
Having a lower the barrier of entry for faculty, allows them to benefit from technology transfer and
allows easier collaboration between them and the TTO/firm.
To do so, a structure needs to be created which allows the accumulation of funds for the purpose of IP
protection and valorisation, the reinvestment for further research, and provides a link to the TTO and
the technology transfer professional.
2-Tools to facilitate IP valorisation for the actors involved in technology transfer
A patent fund to protect IP and an internal VC to fund spin-off projects allow the technology transfer
professional to be flexible in valorizing academic IP by being independent of temporal (e.g. govt. funding
schedules) and financial factors (such as the researcher’s lack of funds for the purpose of IP protection).
3-New outcomes indicating economic development
Use outcomes that show economic development, such as the amount invested in spin-offs in
comparison to amount invested by 3rd
parties in spin-offs, over the same period of time. Another could

13. Page | 13
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
be the effect of high skill jobs in creating secondary employment. These types of outcomes would serve
to highlight the importance and the impact that tech transfer has on the economy, as well to increase
the awareness within the general public. Now if outcomes indicating tangible economic effects have
been used internally (within tech transfer offices), then they should be given more importance publicly.
Acknowledgements
This report was possible with the assistance of Univalor and LRD, in providing the time and the
information required. Thank you to all the staff in both organizations for making this report possible.
Financial help was provided by Univalor, LRD and the MDEIE.

14. Page | 14
Dr. Cliff Pavlovic
Works Cited
1. Melviez, David. La valorisation, Une etude de cas internationale. Montreal : Universite de Montreal,
2008.
2. Technolgy Transfer. Wikipedia. [Online] [Cited: October 23, 2010.]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_transfer.
3. Gestion Univalor. Presentation. Univalor. [Online] [Cited: 10 10, 2010.] http://www.univalor.ca.
4. —. Univalor by numbers. Univalor. [Online] [Cited: 10 10, 2010.] http://www.univalor.ca.
5. Leuven Research and Development. LRD Homepage. [En ligne] [Citation : 10 10 2010.]
http://lrd.kuleuven.be.