Intertextual Shakespeare
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Mythological Origins & Elizabethan Concerns Looks at the way Shakespeare's work has been influenced by a body of myths, medieval writing and also shapes his work to suit the Elizabethan audience.
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Intertextual Shakespeare
- 1. Intertextual Shakespeare Mythological Origins & Elizabethan Concerns Claire Nicholas-Walker
- 3. www.bl.uk 3 Medieval Troilus &Cressida vs Troilus & Criseyde.
- 4. www.bl.uk 4 Ancient Greek Romeo & Juliet vs Pyramus & Thisbe
- 5. www.bl.uk 5 Ancient Mesoamerican King Lear vs Cohoba
- 6. www.bl.uk 6 Conclusions Source: The source goes here • Shakespeare injected the concerns of his time • Why have we retold the same stories over and over again? • The need to know and explain the environments and communities we live in
- 7. www.bl.uk 7 General Medieval Shakespeare : pasts and presents / edited by Ruth Morse, Helen Cooper, and Peter Holland. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2013. Narrative and dramatic sources of Shakespeare / edited by Geoffrey Bullough. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul ; New York : Columbia University Press, 1957-1975. The Oxford companion to world mythology / David Leeming. (Prehistoric mythology of the Neolithic) New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2005. The Oxford companion to archaeology / editor Adrian M. Fagan ; editors, Charlotte Beck ... [et al.]. New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1996. New Testament apocrypha / edited by Wilhelm Schneemelcher Cambridge : J. Clarke, 1992. Medieval Troilus and Criseyde, with facing-page Il Filostrato : authoritative texts ; the testament of Cresseid ; criticism / Geoffrey Chaucer ; edited by Stephen A. Barney. New York ; London : W. W. Norton, 2006. A Translation of Il Filostrato http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/filostrato_griffin.pdf A handbook to the reception of Ovid / edited by John F. Miller and Carole E. Newlands. Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Malden, MA : Wiley Blackwell, 2014. The Apocryphal New Testament : a collection of apocryphal Christian literature in an English translation / J.K. Elliott. Oxford University Press, 1993. BL Blog on Chaucer’s manuscripts http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/201 2/10/paging-through-troilus-and-criseyde.html Manuscript versions of Ovid’s Metamorphosis https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ovids- metamorphoses#sthash.ORCo0Dwe.dpuf Origins of the World’s Mythologies/ E.J. Michael Witzel New York: Oxford University Press, 2012 Sources of mythology : ancient and contemporary myths : proceedings of the seventh annual International Conference on Comparative Mythology / Klaus Antoni, David Weiß (eds.). International Conference on Comparative Mythology (7th : 2013 : Tübingen, Germany) Berlin : Lit, 2014. Ancient Greek Mythology Influences Ovid's Metamorphoses : The Arthur Golding Translation of 1567 https://archive.org/details/shakespearesovid00oviduoft How Romeus became Romeo http://americanrepertorytheater.org/inside/articles/articles- vol4-i3-how-romeus-became-romeo Greek Myths http://sacred-texts.com/ane/index.htm “The Pínakes of Callimachus” Witty, Francis J. in The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy , Vol. 28, No. 2 (Apr., 1958), pp. 132-136 The melancholy muse : Chaucer, Shakespeare and early medicine / Carol Falvo Heffernan. Pittsburgh, Penn. : Duquesne University Press, c1995. YA.1996.b.3224. Ancient Mesoamerican Influences “Testament of Job” in The Apocryphal Old Testament / edited by H.F.D. Sparks. Oxford : Clarendon, 1984. Geoffrey of Monmouth : the history of the kings of Britain : an edition and translation of De gestis Britonum (Historia regum Britanniae) / edition by Michael D. Reeve Geoffrey, of Monmouth, Bishop of St. Asaph, 1100?-1154. Woodbridge : Boydell Press, 2007. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s King Lear http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/geoffrey-of-monmouths- account-of-king-lear-in-history-of-the-kings-of-britain Early modern drama and the Bible : contexts and readings, 1570-1625 / edited by Adrian Streete. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Biblical influences in Shakespeare's great tragedies / Peter Milward. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1987. Medieval Shakespeare : pasts and presents / edited by Ruth Morse, Helen Cooper, and Peter Holland. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2013 Pp115-116 The Bible in Shakespeare / Hannibal Hamlin. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2013. Mesopotamian Myth read aloud: The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer https://www.soas.ac.uk/baplar/recordings/the-poem-of- the-righteous-sufferer-ludlul-bl-nmeqi-tablet-ii-entire-tablet- read-by-karl-hecker.html Traditional Narratives of Tainos http://ancientantilles.com/traditionalnarrativesandreligion.h tml Sacred Texts Americas http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/ Before the muses : an anthology of Akkadian literature / Benjamin R. Foster. Bethesda, Md. : CDL Press, c2005. Conclusions Geomythology http://web.stanford.edu/dept/HPST/MayorGeomythology.pd f Fossil Legends of the First Americans/Adrienne Mayor Princeton University Press, 2005.
Editor's Notes
- William Shakespear April 1564- May 3, 1616
- This presentation will be will be focused on intertextuality and the body of work that directly or indirectly influenced Shakespeare. Shakespeare lived in a great time for the English vernacular Bible being translated from Latin to English (King James’ bible). body of texts including classical and ancient texts such as Ovid’s Greek myths which had been translated from Latin and a host of his European contemporaries as well as historical work such as those of Chaucer and Dante. secret weapon at his disposal, must have been a library as he seemed to be working from texts whose editions predated those that were popular in his lifetime. It would be very challenging to examine older myths of literary interest from other from cultures if it weren’t for fields of scholarship such as: Geomythology , Comparative Mythology and Linguistics which addresses this. Most of Shakespeare’s work was not influenced by just one story quite often speeches/ bits of knowledge were injected from a variety of other sources. I will try to focus on the main themes only. I will also only focus on a few texts that influenced him to avoid this presentation just being a list of names. Image: Drawing of England BL: Cotton MS Tiberius B V/1 Image: Panorama of historical London https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Maps_of_Old_London/Norden
- earlier prose by Chaucer who wrote a similarly named Troilus and Criseyde. Borrowed from an earlier story by the Italian Boccaccio's(Il Filostrato,(The Love Struck) features the familiar protagonists Troilo and Criseida took place during the war for Troy. These stories are similar, in that they share a plot and a title but the similarities end there. Theme - War and recounting History questions war, war disrupts people’s lives but also serves as a catalyst for bonding and shared experiences. show how easily life/perceptions views etc can change people’s values can be forced to change depending on the situation they are in or the pressure exerted on them through circumstances. Through the love story itself and the twists and turns of the war. Image : http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2012/10/paging-through-troilus-and-criseyde.html Image: Royal MS 17 E IV http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ovids-metamorphoses
- English poet, Arthur Brooke titled "The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet." (1562) Greek mythology(43 bc– ad 17 Ovid's Metamorphoses) Ovid work was heavily influenced by the works of Callimachus Pinakes In the story of Pyramus and Thisbē whose parents banned them from being together but they managed to communicate with each other whispering through the cracks of a wall. After a while they arranged to meet in person. Theme - Barriers to love, potions and health his use of poison and inclusion of medical information. It was almost a medical drama with a love story. Shakespeare uses 3 characters to present this knowledge. Juliet’s nurse Apothecary. Friar who is the priest physician (early modern doctor/counsellor) Image: Apothecary http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=4359 Image : http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ovids-metamorphoses
- An earlier work by Geoffrey of Monmouth “History of the Kings of Britain”. Biblical Job earlier Mesopotamian(myth called The Poem of the Righteous Sufferer 1700 BCE. righteous suffering in Mesoamerican mythology of the Tainos in Caribbean. Theme- Suffering in General The concept of suffering providing clarity is prominent in this work as King Lear Cordelia suffers patiently first, Lear whose vanity and arrogance He faces despair not knowing if his situation will end or change for the better. He has to face the guilt that his choices are what lead to this outcome. Guilt for Gloucester Tension for audience Image : http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-true-chronicle-history-of-king-leir-1605 Image :http://ancientantilles.com/traditionalnarrativesandreligion.html
- Archetypal or the diffusionist view, Gondwana mythology and Laurasian mythology.
- Bibliography