BC and AD are common abbreviations used on timelines to denote periods before and after the estimated birth of Jesus Christ. BC stands for Before Christ and AD stands for Anno Domini, which translates to "In the year of our Lord". Some mistakenly think AD means After Death, but that would place the start at year 33 rather than year 1. Alternatively, timelines may use BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) to avoid religious references. The document instructs students to create a timeline using the provided materials and guidelines.