philosophy of mind

1. PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
(心灵哲学)
主讲人： 徐英瑾
复旦大学哲学学院

2. DESCARTES AND 12 PROBLEMS
IN PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
笛卡尔与十二个心灵哲学问题
LECTURE ONE:
第一讲

3. For Beginners, Maybe the Following
Links Are Helpful:
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mi
nd
 This entry gives you a basic idea of what
philosophy of mind is.
 Caveat: Wikipedia is a very useful online-tool,
but due to its lack of academic authority, it
cannot be referred in a paper. You just read it,
but please do not mention it in the paper.
 http://www.philosophyofmind.info/
 This website is still under construction.

4. For Advanced Students, These
Websites Are Recommended:
. http://consc.net/mindpapers/
The most comprehensive and systematic
collection of papers on philosophy of mind that
you can find on web. It consists of 28490
entries now !!!!!
http://plato.stanford.edu/contents.html
The most reliable and trustable on-line
dictionary on philosophy (not only philosophy of
mind!). That means, you can refer to this
resource in a formal paper!

5. For Students Intending to Be
Involved into an Overseas PHD
Program on Philosophy, Please Open
the Following Link:
 http://www.philosophicalgourmet.com/overall.
asp
 This website offers a systematic evaluation of
nearly every philosophy department in the
English-speaking world. Full of useful
information.
 But information about universities in Europe
is not included!!!

6. For Students Who Both Speak
Chinese and Love Analytical
Philosophy, These Websites are
Valuable:
 1. 哲学合作社
 https://phil-commune.net/bbs/forum.php
 （but you need patience to open it）
 2. “豆瓣”的“酒肉臭”小组
 http://www.douban.com/group/292426/

7. For Chinese Students Who Want to Know
Why To Read Old Classic Works Is Not
Recommended for Beginners of
Philosophy, Please Read My Papers:
 1. 徐英瑾：《经典阅读,还是论证训练?——对中国的
西方哲学教育的反思》，《学术月刊》，2006年第
六期。
 http://www.douban.com/group/topic/16123206/
 2. 徐英瑾：《西方哲学进阶路线图》
 http://www.kaixin001.com/repaste/46780002_521
1954217.html

8. For Anybody Who Want to Know How to do
Philosophical Translation Between English
and Chinese, This is a Tool:
The Cover of the
Dictionary
The Link of the On-line
Bookstore for Buying it:
 http://product.dangdang.c
om/product.aspx?product
_id=20751028

9. For Any Chinese Reader Who Want to Know How to Translate
Complicated Analytical Texts, please read this one:
The Cover of the Book The Link of Dangdang:
 http://product.dangdang.c
om/product.aspx?product
_id=20935209

10. For Chinese Readers Who Want to Have a
Basic Idea of the History of Analytical
Philosophy, Please Read:
The Cover of the Book
The Dangdang Link for
Buying it:
 http://product.dangdang.c
om/product.aspx?product
_id=9039274

11. Now Turn Back to the Main Topic
JOHN SEARLE, 1932-
A Brief Introduction to
Him
 John Rogers Searle (born July 31,
1932 in Denver, Colorado) is an
American philosopher and currently the
Slusser Professor of Philosophy at the
University of California, Berkeley.
Widely noted for his contributions to the
philosophy of language, philosophy of
mind and social philosophy, he began
teaching at Berkeley in 1959, where,
among his many distinctions, he was the
first tenured professor to join the Free
Speech Movement. He received the Jean
Nicod Prize in 2000, and the National
Humanities Medal in 2004. Among his
notable concepts are the "Chinese
Room" argument against artificial
intelligence.

12. Our Textbook Has a Chinese
Translation!
The Cover of the Chinese
Version
A Brief Description of the
Book in Chinese
 塞尔写下了一部有力的、清
晰的、易懂的与令人着迷的
导论性著作。此书比任何别
的文献都更为令人信服地解
释了塞尔所持有的如下这个
离经叛道的颠覆性观点：无
论是唯物主义还是二元论，
都是谬误的。他以充满活力
的姿态探索了那些心灵哲学
领域中的重大议题——与此
同时，他还一直保持着对于
他所聚焦的心灵问题的最深
刻 的 洞 见 。

13. DESCARTES AND 12 PROBLEMS
IN PHILOSOPHY OF MIND

14. WE NEED TO BEGIN WITH DESCARTES!
A Typical Portrait of René
Descartes:
When he was alive, what
were happening in China?
 笛卡尔生于1596年，即明神宗
朱翊钧（万历皇帝）当政时期，
即万历二十四年。是年，中国
无大事发生。次年，丰臣秀吉
（ Toyotomi Hideyoshi ）第
二次入侵朝鲜，再次年，日本
侵朝战争彻底失败。笛卡尔死
于1650年，是年为清世祖顺治
七年，多尔衮（ Dorgon ， ）
卒。
 他比王阳明（ 1472-1529 ）晚
生124年，晚死121年。他比徐
光启（ 1562－1633）晚生30
年，晚死27年。

15. But Why Descartes Is Still
Important for Philosophy of
Mind Today?????
Because His Dualism (二元论) is
Still Alive Among Public!
Maybe you are implicit dualists
(二元论者), although you may
not explicitly concede this!

16. What Is Dualism?
 Radical Version (Substance Dualism) : Mind is
a type of substance (实体) which can exist
independently of the substance of matter. For
instance, when Descartes’ body perishes, his
soul could still survive. Christian Believers
would like this idea.
 Moderate Version(Property Dualism): Mind
exits as a property ( 属 性 ) rather than a
substance. Ontologically speaking, the world is
composed of matter as the unique type of
substance, but that substance has two
properties: physical and mental. Humanists
would love this idea.

17. Why does Descartes Take the
Substance Dualist Position?
 Cogito, ergo sum (I think therefor I am, 我
思故我在). Here is the unpacked form of
the argument:
 1. I cannot be wrong about my own
consciousness;
 2. the essence of my being is my own
consciousness;
 3. Therefore, I cannot be wrong about my being,
i.e., my existence.
 But is this argument question-begging(乞题)?

18. 1. THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM

19. 2. THE PROBLEM OF OTHER
MINDS

20. 3 &4 EXTERNAL WORLD AND
PERCEPTION

21. 5. FREE WILL

22. 6. PERSONAL IDENTITY

23. 7. ANIMAL MINDS

24. 8. SLEEP

25. 9. INTENTIONALITY

26. 10. MENTAL CAUSATION AND
EPHIPHENOMENALISM(副现象主义)

27. EPHIPHENOMENALISM(副现象主义)
 Epiphenomenalism is the view that mental
events are caused by physical events in the
brain, but have no effects upon any physical
events. Behavior is caused by muscles that
contract upon receiving neural impulses （神经
脉冲）, and neural impulses are generated by
input from other neurons or from sense organs.
On the epiphenomenalist view, mental events
play no causal role in this process.
 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epiphenomenalism/

28. 11. THE UNCONSCIOUS

29. PLEASE MIND SIGMUND FREUD!
 Psychoanalysis is a
psychological theory
conceived in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries by Freud.
1.human behavior, experience,
and cognition are largely
determined by irrational drives;
2. those drives are largely
unconscious;
3. beside the inherited constitution
of personality, one's development
is determined by events in early
childhood.

30. 12. THE SOCIAL EXPLANATION
OF MENTAL ACTIVITIES

31. THE END OF
LECTURE ONE