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Storytelling with Social Media Data
1. Storytelling with Social Media Data
By: Christopher Spong
At Nina Hale, Inc. we are strong believers in the power of data. It influences everything we do and enables us to
demonstrate the value of our work. Social media, like many of the digital strategies we execute against, provides a rich
pool of data from which we can extract insights and prove success. We use social data to learn about target audiences,
test content, and understand fan behavior as it might relate to our clients’ specific needs and business goals.
Last Friday, January 22, I presented “Storytelling with Social Media Data” at the MinneAnalytics conference hosted by
Medtronic. A major theme from the conference centered on moving beyond dashboards and beginning to tell data
stories.
As an organization, we are shifting more and more to telling data stories and using the insights we glean to make
actionable and impactful decisions.
To build our story using social media data, we need a few key elements:
Characters to interact with and influence the story
A plot to lay out the storyline
Action that will drive the story along
And an ending to wrap everything up
1. Gathering Social Media Data
In order to start crafting a social media story, we will need to gather the data that will color our narrative. Most of the
data points and examples referenced will relate to organic (or unpaid) social media strategies, but the metrics and
measurement examples can be adapted to all sorts of paid and unpaid media channels.
Performance Data: Taken from the channels themselves, performance data is export from insights or analytics tabs
on the social platforms themselves. This data includes key metrics like impressions, engagements, and engagement
rate.
Social Listening Data: Data provided by specific “social listening” tools. Provides metrics on brand mentions, hashtag
usage, URL shares, and helps us to add context to our narrative.
Website Data: Using Google Analytics or a comparable website measurement platform, can can measure social’s
influence on other channels. Depending on goals and strategies, website data can be extremely powerful, i.e. with
tagged links we can compare the actions of fans we have directed to the site with general referral visitors. We can
also see how social is contributing to key onsite conversion goals.
Other Data: Finally where applicable, we can analyze other data sources like organic search, concurrent media
campaigns, public relations efforts, and brand lift studies. This can help to fully flesh out the scene in which our story
is taking place.
2. Defining the Characters
When building a story using social media data, the cast of characters is made up of channels and content groups. To get
“high-school English” with the whole thing, generally a character has a few elements:
2. A character usually exists before the story can begin. Each channel or content group should exist before entering
the story. At Nina Hale, Inc., we would recommended having a channel strategy in place and a content strategy
setup before trying to measure against goals.
A character reveals information about itself through action and dialogue. Channels and content groups reveal
information about themselves based on performance and the key performance indicators we’re using to evaluate
them.
A character has motivations or aspirations. The goals of our content groups and channels are the motivators, which
help to define how the characters interact with the story.
A character also interacts with and affects the plot.
Social Media Character Example: Taco Bell
For this example story, we will analyze Taco Bell’s Facebook page as our main character. The data that is presented is
not factual, but has been estimated for the sake of creating strong examples. Also note that Taco Bell has 10 Million+
followers, so the data points are larger than what most brands would typically see.
Taco Bell makes for a great character in our story as they see a lot of engagement, they focus on a few main content
categories, and have a balance of paid and organic posts.
Character Development
To understand more about the character, or in this case the Taco Bell Facebook page, it is important to examine some
characteristics that will help determine the role it plays in our story.
History: The history of this character is easily learned through the website about section and by eating at Taco Bell
periodically.
Personality: The personality can be defined by looking at photos shared, reading post copy, and by watching brand
videos.
Motivators: By looking at comments on a few posts, it is easy to read into the main motivation of this character: To
eat Taco Bell.
3. Developing the Plot
The plot of the story we are going to tell is illustrated using the data we have captured. Characters (or channels
themselves) drive the plot with their performance.
To fill in the plot, we need to look at key data points, in a few ways:
A social measurement strategy helps to provide context into how data is being segmented.
3. Priority KPIs are then determined to help show a channel’s impact on the overall story.
A content framework is also created to help evaluate what type of content resonates best on each channel.
For instance, pretend that you find that your Facebook page did really well in December. You would want to provide
reasoning why using a social measurement strategy and the KPIs that we will lay out to show impact on the storyline.
We would also want to create a content framework, which helps us dissect content groupings and evaluate their
performance, similar to measuring channel performance.
1. Social Measurement Strategy Recommendation
Utilize total and average metrics to gauge performance. It’s important to look at social performance data as both totals
and averages when evaluating performance. For instance, you may see a high number of total impressions and
engagements one month because you posted 30 times, when in fact your page sees stronger average post performance
when only posting 15 times per month.
A rolling 6-month average helps to benchmark performance over time while accounting for variables- There are a lot
of variables that are hard to account for when looking at performance over time, try benchmarking over a rolling 6
month period. This period presents enough time to collect valuable data, makes it easier to account for changes in
channels and strategies, and prevents changes in channels and pages from skewing performance measurement
Account for some variables, when analyzing social media performance:
Posting cadence – How many times you are posting per month, per week, or even per day
Fans/followers – How many followers you have now versus 6 months ago
Algorithm updates – Channel algorithm changes in the last few months
Other media campaigns – Whether or not media is running on other channels
Seasonality – And if your business usually experiences seasonality
2. Priority KPIs for Social Media
Here are some of the key performance indicators (KPIs) that we look at when measuring social as a channel. Some of
these are specific to organic social measurement, but similar KPIs would be used when measuring paid social.
Generally the metrics we look at fall into a few different measurement categories: Acquisition, activation and
awareness.
4. The primary metrics are best used for benchmarking and evaluating success. Secondary metrics can then be dissected
further to provide context or further explain a finding.
Because the goal of each post can vary, whether you are asking for comments, clicks to the site, or simply looking to
reach a large audience, it is best to first look at primary metrics as a whole, then dive into secondary metrics.
3. Content Framework for Social Media
In additional to examining and measuring performance on our channels as a whole, it is crucial to dig deeper into the
types on content that resonate best with fans. We recommend grouping all posts into various Pillars and Themes as a
means for creating a content framework.
To explain our approach to a content framework at a high level, content is broken down into Pillars and Themes. Pillar
are groups of content that ladder up to business goals. Pillars generally don not change over time and every post should
fall under a Pillar. Themes fall below Pillars and are more specific groups of content that live within one Pillar or another.
Themes are more interchangeable and can be swapped in and out depending on business goals and during seasonal
periods. Under-performing Themes can be eliminated from the posting strategy if they are not meeting content
expectations.
4. Examining the Action
After our measurement strategy is aligned, it is important to look at specific events throughout the reporting period that
impacted the story we are going to tell. This is the action – a grouping of events that affect the characters and plot.
Outlying posts, top performing Pillars and Themes, and anecdotes on fan comments are pieces of information that can
make up the action. For example, an outlying, high-performing post, like a video that received far above average
engagement and impressions, can be considered part of the action.
5. Aside from looking at performance by channel, by Pillar and by Theme, other ways you can segment the data to help
define the Action include:
Performance by post time
By post type (like a photo vs a video vs a link vs text only vs a photo w/ a link)
By creative used
If we were to utilize a social listening tool to pull all social mentions of Taco Bell in the month of December, we might
find an interesting theme that comes up quite frequently. More than anything else, fans want to see the return of the
Beefy Crunch Burrito. So much so that there is even a Facebook page with over 35,000 fans all waiting for the return of
their favorite Taco Bell menu item.
This information is incredibly powerful, and not lost on our main character. Convincing the product team to bring the
item back onto the regular menu, then posting about its return, would likely generate numerous positive mentions
about the brand and strong engagement.
5. Crafting the Ending
As we develop an ending to our story, we would start to build a report that illustrates the important information that
will enable us to adjust our strategy and improve. If we can continue to take the metrics that are important to us, and
increase them as time goes on, we are seeing success in improving our strategy.
Because there are nearly an infinite number of ways we can look at social data and because many different things can
happen over the course of our reporting period, no two data stories should ever end the same way.
Example Ending
The exciting thing about social data is the number of ways in which we can tell a story. Evaluating performance can tell
us a lot about our fans and our customers. Making content changes that positively affect a social channel can be
replicated in another medium, such as our website or in a paid media campaign.
6. Uncovering that there is an entire movement to bring back Beefy Crunch Burritos can be communicated to the Taco Bell
product team. Bringing back the Beefy Crunch Burrito could help with sales in a slow month or with brand sentiment
during a tough PR situation.
Now Tell Your Data Story
To briefly recap, use all the data you can to illustrate the characters, plot and action within your data story. Dive deep
into performance metrics, website impact, social listening insights, and every data source at your disposal to uncover
valuable information. And end each report with clear takeaways and strong recommendations.
