A proclamation of martial law under marcos administration.

1. Reporter: CHRISTOPHER T.
ABUNDO
MAED – Social Sciences
1-MAED-Q

2. Martial Law in the
Philippines refers to
the period of
authoritarian rule
imposed by then-
President
Ferdinand Marcos
on September 21,
1972.

4. It laIt lasted until
January 17, 1981,
although its effects
continued beyond
that date. This
period had
significant
implications for the
country, including
its educational
system.sted until January

5. IImpact on Education:mpact on Education:
CenCensorship and Controlsorship and Control
One of the most notable
effects of Martial Law on
educaOne of the
most notable
effects of Martial
Law on education
was the increased
government
control over
educational
institutions.tion
was the increased
government control over

6. IImpact on Education:mpact on Education:
CenCensorship and Controlsorship and Control
One of the most notable
effects of Martial Law on
was the increased
government control over
educational institutions.
The Marcos regime
imposed censorship
on academic
freedom, which
limited critical
discourse within
schools and
universities.

7. Curriculum Changes The government used the
educational system as a
tool to promote its
political agenda.
Curriculum changes were
made to align with the
government's ideology,
resulting in the alteration
of textbooks and the
suppression of certain
subjects or ideas deemed
undesirable by the
regime.

8. Purging of Activist Educators
Many educators who
were perceived as critical
of the government were
removed from their
positions. This had a
detrimental impact on
the quality of education,
as it resulted in the loss
of experienced and
qualified teachers and
professors.

9. The government promoted a sense of nationalism
and loyalty to the regime through educational
materials, which were often used for propaganda
purposes.

10. Student Activism
Student activism was prevalent during this period as young people
resisted the authoritarian regime. This led to confrontations with the
government, with students demanding academic freedom and social
justice. These protests were met with suppression and violence.

11. Post-Martial Law Reforms:
After the Martial Law period, the Philippine
education system underwent a series of reforms
to address the issues and challenges it faced.
These reforms aimed to restore academic
freedom, ensure the integrity of the curriculum,
and promote democratic values within
educational institutions.

12. Key Takeaways:
• The Proclamation of Martial Law had a significant impact on
the Philippine education system, resulting in censorship,
curriculum changes, and the purging of critical educators.
• Post-Martial Law reforms were introduced to restore
academic freedom and ensure that education was more
aligned with democratic values.
• The experience of Martial Law in the Philippines serves as a
historical lesson about the importance of preserving
academic freedom, critical thinking, and democratic values
within the educational system, and it continues to shape
discussions about the role of education in fostering
democracy and social justice in the country.

13. References on the Proclamation of Martial Law:
• McCoy, A. W. (1993). An anarchy of families: State and family in the Philippines.
University of Wisconsin Press.
• Constantino, R. (1975). The Philippines: A past revisited. Tala Publishing Services.
• Abinales, P. N., & Amoroso, D. J. (2005). State and society in the Philippines.
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
• Celoza, A. (1997). Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The political economy of
authoritarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group.

15. The Education Act of
1982, also known as
Batas Pambansa Blg.
232, is a significant
piece of legislation in
the history of Philippine
education. It introduced
numerous reforms and
changes to the
educational system in
the Philippines.

16. Background:
• The Education Act of 1982 was enacted during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos and represented a
comprehensive attempt to modernize and restructure the Philippine education system.
• It aimed to address various issues, including access to education, quality of instruction, and the relevance of the
curriculum.
Key Provisions and Reforms:
• Decentralization: The Education Act of 1982 sought to decentralize the education system. It provided for greater
autonomy and control at the local level, allowing regions and divisions to make decisions related to curriculum
implementation, staffing, and resource allocation.

18. Bilingual Policy:
The law introduced a
bilingual policy that
emphasized the use
of both Filipino and
English as mediums of
instruction. This was
aimed at promoting a
stronger sense of
national identity while
recognizing the
importance of English
as a global language.

19. Integrated
Reorganization of the
Educational System:
The Act integrated
various levels of
education, from
preschool to tertiary,
under one unified
system. This was
intended to streamline
educational processes
and improve
coordination among
different levels of
education.

20. Curricular Reforms:
• The Act included provisions for the development of a more relevant and
responsive curriculum, with an emphasis on vocational and technical education.
• It aimed to prepare students for the world of work and address the skills
needed in the job market.

21. Teacher
Professionalization:
The law included
measures to
professionalize the
teaching profession by
establishing standards
for teacher
qualifications and
performance. It aimed
to enhance the quality
of instruction in
Philippine schools.

22. Alternative Learning
Systems:
The Education Act of
1982 recognized the
importance of non-
formal education and
alternative learning
systems. It sought to
provide educational
opportunities to those
who did not have access
to formal schooling.

23. Institutional Changes:
The law led to
institutional changes,
including the creation of
the Ministry of Education,
Culture, and Sports
(MECS), which later
became the Department
of Education (DepEd).

24. Impact:
The Education Act of 1982 brought
significant changes to the Philippine
education system.
• It laid the groundwork for the
modern educational structure,
emphasizing decentralization,
bilingualism, and a more responsive
curriculum.
• The Act also had a profound impact
on the teaching profession, aiming
to raise the quality and
professionalism of educators.

25. • However, like any piece of
legislation, the Act also had
its challenges and criticisms.
Some argue that
decentralization led to
disparities in the quality of
education across different
regions.
• Additionally, the bilingual
policy faced challenges in
implementation and
balancing the use of Filipino
and English in instruction.

26. SOME OF THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS ACT

31. In summary, the
Education Act of
1982 was a pivotal
moment in the
development of the
Philippine education
system. It introduced
a series of reforms
and changes that
continue to shape
the educational
landscape in the
Philippines to this
day.

32. References on the Philosophy of Philippine Education:
• De Guia, R. M. (2004). Philippine education for the 21st
century. Rex Bookstore, Inc.
• Salita, J. T. (2019). Philippine educational system: A historical
development.
• UST Publishing House. Gonzales, B. R. (2005). The new
educational system of the Philippines. UP Open University.

33. Report Submitted to:
DR. JEMMA O. LIPIT
Professor
Philosophical Foundations of
TIME….