Macular degeneration is a medical condition that usually affects older adults and results in loss of vision in the center of the visual field. It occurs in two forms: dry or geographic macular degeneration, which accounts for 90% of cases and results in atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelial layer; and wet or neovascular macular degeneration, which accounts for 10% of cases and involves abnormal blood vessel growth in the eye. Risk factors include age over 50, heredity, nutrition, smoking, hypertension, sunlight exposure, and cataracts. Treatment depends on the type, with no effective treatment for dry macular degeneration but options like anti-VEGF therapy and photodynamic therapy available for wet
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agerelatedmaculardegeneration.pdf
1.
2. Macular degeneration, often age-related
macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is
a medical condition that usually affects older
adults and results in a loss of vision in the
center of the visual field (the macula) because
of damage to the retina.
4. Non Exudative ARMD-
mild to moderate gradual loss of vision
central shadowing
Exudative ARMD-
rapidly progressivemarked loss of vision
5. Degree of hyperfluorescence depends on:
Extent of overlying RPE atrophy (window
defect)
Amount of staining
Lipid content
6.
7. Heredity
Nutrition
Smoking
Hypertension
Exposure to sunlight
Hyperopia
Blue eyes
Cataract
8. Dry or geograhic
Accounts for 90% ARMD
atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelial layer
vision loss through loss of photoreceptors
(rods and cones) in the central part of the eye
9. Early : 1-Maular drusens-small to
medium sized
2-Focal hyperpigmentation
3-Pale area of RPE atrophy
Intermediate : 1-drusens-large sized
2-sharply cirumscribed
circular RPE atrophy
Advanced : 1-Enlarged atrophi areas
2- preexisting drusens disappear
3- visible larger choroidal
vessels
10. Initial drusen and non-specific RPE changes
Late RPE (geographic) atrophy
11. Wet or neovascular type
Accounts for 10%
due to abnormal blood vessel growth (choroidal
neovascularization) in the choriocapillaris,
through Bruch's membrane, ultimately leading to
blood and protein leakage below the macula.
irreversible damage to the photoreceptors and
rapid vision loss if left untreated