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1. 28 September 2020: Daily Current Affairs
for UPSC Exam
General Studies-I
Indian Heritage and Culture,
History and Geography of
the World and Society
Topic: Important
personality/ Freedom
Fighter
1)Bhagat Singh
In News
Nation pays homage to the revolutionary
freedom fighter Bhagat Singh on his 113th birth
anniversary (September 28).
 Bhagat Singh was born (28 September 1907)
in Banga village of Lyallpur district of undivided
Punjab province.

2.  He fought against British rule for the
country's independence and was hanged in
Lahore jail at the age of 23, along with Rajguru
and Sukhdev.
Biography of Bhagat Singh
 Bhagat Singh was born into a Sikh family.
His parents were Sardar Kishan Singh Sandhu
and Vidyavati Kaur.
 He grew up in an atmosphere which
moulded him towards nationalistic ideals and
patriotism. His father and uncle were involved in
the freedom struggle.
 He was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s
freedom movement during his schooling.
 He supported the non-cooperation
movement and the Congress Party. But when
Gandhi withdrew the movement after the
Chauri Chaura incident, he was drawn towards
the revolutionary movement.
 He was particularly affected by the
Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919) and the
violence against unarmed Akali protestors at
Nankana Sahib (1921).

3.  He was inspired by Marxist and leftist
writings. He considered himself an atheist and
was also against capitalism.
 He founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha in
1926 to promote revolution against British rule.
 He, along with Chandrasekhar Azad,
Sukhdev Thapar and others, founded the
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
(HSRA) in 1928.
 After the death of Lala Lajpat Rai in a police
lathi charge in 1928, Bhagat Singh and his
associates vowed to avenge the death.
 They wanted to kill James Scott, the
Superintendent of Police responsible for Lajpat
Rai’s death, but in a mistaken identity, they shot
and killed J P Saunders, an Assistant
Superintendent of Police.
 Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a
bomb in the Central Assembly (April 8, 1929)
amidst shouts of ‘Inquilab Zindabad’ (long live
the revolution). They then courted arrest for
they wanted a platform to proclaim their
nationalistic ideas. Bhagat Singh along with his
associates of the HSRA was arrested and tried in
the Lahore Conspiracy Case. The case of the
assassination of Saunders also came up during

4. interrogation and was a part of the Lahore
Conspiracy Case.
 While in jail, the revolutionaries went on a
hunger strike to protest against the shoddy
treatment of political prisoners.
 Bhagat Singh broke his fast upon the
request of his father and the Congress
leadership after 116 days.
 During trial in the court of british justice,
Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were
sentenced to death.
 Despite nationwide protests, the sentences
were duly carried out on 23 March 1931 in the
Lahore Central Jail.
 He was a legendary leader and even today
evokes a strong sense of pride and nationalism
among Indians.
Additional Information
Martyrs’ Day/ Shaheed diwas/
Sarvodaya day
 Every year, March 23 is observed as
Martyrs’ Day as a tribute to freedom fighters
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Shivaram

5. Rajguru.
 Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and
Shivaram Rajguru died on March 23 in 1931.
Source: News on Air
General Studies-II
Governance, Constitution,
Polity, Social Justice and
International Relations
Topic: Important
International Day

6. 2) International Day for
Universal Access to
Information (IDUAI)
In News
International Day for Universal Access to
Information 2020 is being observed on 28
September.
 Theme for 2020 is “Access to Information –
Saving lives, Building Trust, Bringing Hope”.
Details
 IDUAI 2020 will be focus on to the right to
information in times of crisis and on the

7. advantages of having constitutional, statutory
and/or policy guarantees for public access to
information to save lives, build trust and help
the formulation of sustainable policies through
and beyond the COVID-19 crisis.
 The day had been proclaimed by the
UNESCO General Conference in 2015.
 The day had been recognised as
International Right to Know Day since 2002 and
was developed by international civil society
advocates beginning in 2012.
 The UNESCO resolution creating the day
was pushed by African civil society groups
seeking greater information transparency.
Source: UNESCO
General Studies-III

8. Technology, Economic
Development, Bio-diversity,
Environment, Security and
Disaster Management
Topic: Health and wellness
3) Centre for Cellular and
Molecular Biology
In News
The director of Hyderabad based Centre for
Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) says that,
India has to scale up its daily COVID testing by
10 times to control the current speed of
spreading of Coronavirus in the country.
 Otherwise, the present medical facilities will
be short of tackling the situation.
 The CCMB is a laboratory under the Council
for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

9. Key point
 The CCMB Scientists have analysed more
than two thousand SARS-Corona Virus genomes
from the country to understand the various
strains in circulation.
 The distinct Virus population, called A3i, is
disappearing slowly and the A2a has become
dominant clade everywhere.
 At present 70% of all Indian as well as global
SARS-CoV-2 genomes fall into this clade.
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome)
 SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) – virus
identified in 2003.
 SARS-CoV is thought to be an animal virus,
perhaps bats, that spread to other animals.
 It first infected humans in the Guangdong
province of southern China in 2002.
 Transmission of SARS-CoV is primarily from
person to person.
COVID-19

10.  Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an
infectious disease caused by a newly discovered
coronavirus.
 The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily
through droplets of saliva or discharge from the
nose when an infected person coughs or
sneezes.
 At this time, there are no specific vaccines
or treatments for COVID-19.
Why do the virus and the disease
have different names?
 Viruses are named based on their genetic
structure to facilitate the development of
diagnostic tests, vaccines and medicines.
Virologists and the wider scientific community
do this work, so viruses are named by the
International Committee on Taxonomy of
Viruses (ICTV).
 Diseases are named to enable discussion on
disease prevention, spread, transmissibility,

11. severity and treatment. Human disease
preparedness and response is WHO’s role, so
diseases are officially named by WHO in the
International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
 ICTV announced “severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)” as the
name of the new virus on 11 February 2020.
This name was chosen because the virus is
genetically related to the coronavirus
responsible for the SARS outbreak of
2003. While related, the two viruses are
different.
 WHO announced “COVID-19” as the name
of this new disease on 11 February 2020,
following guidelines previously developed with
the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
and the Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations (FAO).
Source: News on Air

12. Topic: Health & Wellness
4) ‘Health in India’ report
In News
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation has released the report of a
survey titled ‘Health in India’.
 The main objective of the survey was to
gather basic quantitative information on India’s
health sector.
Mandate
The report details aspects of the role played by
government and private sector facilities, and
also contains health information for separate
religious communities, including estimates of
their susceptibility to ailments.
Ailment
The survey defines ailment as any deviation
from a person’s state of physical and mental
well-being. The ‘Proportion of Persons who
Responded as Ailing’, or PPRA, in a 15-day
period when they were approached by the

13. surveyors, were registered as those suffering
from ailments.
Key findings
 The Zoroastrian community remains the
most susceptible to ailments. According to,
National Sample Survey (NSS)’s 75th Round,
31.1 per cent of Zoroastrians reported that they
were suffering from an ailment at the time the
survey was conducted.
 This number for other communities is: Jains,
11.2 per cent; Sikhs 11 per cent; Christians 10.5
per cent; Muslims 8.1 per cent; Buddhists 8 per
cent; and Hindus 7.2 per cent.

14.  The survey shows that women remain more
susceptible to suffering from ailments than
men.
 In rural India 6.1 per cent of males said that
they were suffering from ailments, while 7.6 per
cent of rural women said the same.
 While 8.2 per cent of urban males said that
they were sick, 10 per cent urban females said
the same.
 Around 7.5 percent of Indians reported that
they were suffering from ailments, as per the
survey.
 While in rural India only 6.8 per cent said
that they were suffering from an ailment, this
number in urban India was 9.1 per cent.
Source: Indian Express
Topic: Health & Wellness
5) Increase in public
healthcare spending by
2025

15. In News
Government is committed to increase the public
healthcare spending from the existing 1.15 per
cent of the GDP to 2.5 per cent by 2025.
 The 15th Finance Commission’s high-level
group on health has concurred that healthcare
spending must be raised substantially in the
next five years in view of the present pandemic.
Background
 In union budget 2017-18, the government
increased budget for health sector by 27.7% and
National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 also
envisages to increase health expenditure as a
percentage of GDP from the existing 1.15% to
2.5 % by 2025
 The 14th Finance Commission also
increased devolution of finances from 32% to
42% of divisible pool, implement and finance
schemes.
 The announcement was made that 1,50,000
sub-health centres will be transformed into
health and wellness centres for providing
comprehensive primary care.

16. Current Position
The share of the public health spending has
remained stagnant at 1.15% of GDP.
Details
 Union Health Minister said that the central
government has added 29,185 MBBS seats over
the past five years.
 He informed that the Center would create
new medical colleges attached to existing
district and referral hospitals in Dhubri, Nagaon,
North Lakhimpur, Diphu and Kokrajhar districts
in Assam, Churachandrapur in Manipur, West
Garo Hills district in Meghalaya, district from
Falkawan to Mizoram, and Kohima and Mon to
Nagaland.
Source: News on Air
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