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Environmental Science Chapter 1 lesson 1.pptx
- 1. Introduction to Environmental Science BryanB.Quimora Assistant Instructor 1
- 4. TABLE OF CONTENT 4 Environmental Science EnvironmentalScience NaturalResources TheProgressiveEra TheTragedyofthe Commons ImportantConcepts EnvironmentalEthics Modern Environmentalism
- 7. “ � is the study of the interaction of humans with the natural environment. � is the field of science that studies the interactions of the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment and also the relationships and effects of these components with the organisms in the environment. 7
- 9. Biotic Factor are living things within an ecosystem; such as plants, animals, and bacteria. Definition: Abiotic Factor are non-living components; such as water, soil and atmosphere. 9
- 12. Environmental History ❧ Humans have impacted the Earth since the very beginnings of civilization. ❧ In 2400 B.C., the agricultural fields of Sumeria had grain production similar to modern agriculture – about 30 bushels per acre. ❧ The Sumerians relied on irrigation, the artificial application of water from another source. ○ Tigris and Euphrates rivers. 12
- 13. Environmental History ❧ All water contains small amounts of minerals called salt, and that salt built up in the Mesopotamian soil over time. ○ Yields declined to half, then a fourth within a few hundred years. ○ By the 7th century A.D., slave labor had to be used to strip the upper salt layer from the soil so it could still be farmed. . 13 By the 16th century, the Fertile Crescent of Mesopotamia was a salty wasteland.
- 14. IMPORTANT CONCEPT IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 14 Concepts Law of unintended consequences Unsustainability Soil Beaches Government People
- 15. The Tragedy of the Commons Garrett Hardin 15
- 16. � Which village will be more likely to experience resource depletion, where a resource is consumed faster than it can be replaced? 16 � Two small villages consist mostly of farmers that raise and sell sheep at a nearby city. ○ The first village has a common pasture that all villages have unrestricted access to. ○ The second village has a pasture that has been divided up, which each section owned by a famer.
- 17. Maps our office 17 Find more maps at slidescarnival.com/extra-free-resources-icons-and-maps • Climatechange • Airpollution • Waterpollution • Overfishing ofinternationalwatersare allmodernexamplesofthe TragedyoftheCommons. Norilsk, Russia Source: ecojunk.wordpress.com Zadar, Croatia Source: Agence France-Presse
- 18. 18 IntheUnitedStates, thefirstenvironmental movementbeganwith aseriesof conservation measurestakenby PresidentTeddy Roosevelt ○ The goal was to prevent the resource depletion and the destruction of commons through unsustainable logging and hunting. TheProgressiveEra Redwood lumberjacks, Humboldt County, California.
- 19. conserved A B C National Parks No fishing Logging commercial hunting, or livestock grazing can occur. National Forests Federally-managed But do allow commercial logging Recreational hunting and fishing National Wildlife Refuges Do not allow commercial activities But may allow recreational hunting Fishing 19
- 20. 89,526,124$ That’s a lot of money 100% Total success! 185,244 users And a lot of users 20 "San Francisco 1906 fire 02 DA-SN-03-00958" by Harry Sterling Hooper Hetch Hetchy Debate
- 21. Environmental Ethics 21 Lorem 3 Moral Relationship. Lorem 1 Human Lorem 2 Environment
- 22. 22 Anthropocentrism is a human-centered philosophy that protects and promotes of human interests or well-being at the expense of all other factors. Ecocentrism is a nature- centered philosophy that places intrinsic value on ecosystems regardless of their usefulness to humans.
- 23. Construction of the dam began in 1914. It is still in use today. Gifford Pinochet summarized his environmental ethic and decision making as: "Where conflicting interests must be reconciled, the question shall always be answered from the standpoint of the greatest good of the greatest number in the long run.“
- 24. NATURAL RESOURCES Inexhaustible resources Renewable resources . Nonrenewable resources 24 Recyclable nonrenewable resources cannot be used up can be replaced, but the process may take a long time. are consumed faster than they replenish, as their formation took millions of years. also are not replaced at the rate they are used, but can be used more than once.
- 27. DONORA, PENNSYLVANIA 27 A dense smog from a zinc plant in Donora, Pennsylvania in 1948 sickened thousands. This was one of the deadliest incidents of air pollution, the introduction of particles or gases into the atmosphere that are harmful to living organisms.
- 28. HINT: 28 5 x 7 + 60 / 20 – 18 =?
- 29. Competitor Matrix 29 LOW VALUE 1 HIGH VALUE 1 LOW VALUE 2 HIGH VALUE 2 Our company Competitor Competitor Competitor Competitor Competitor Compet itor Radioactive fallout from nuclear bomb testing in the Marshall Islands exposed native islanders and Navy sailors to radioactive fallout. This material was carcinogenic
- 30. A major oil spill near the city of Santa Barbara in 1969, coupled a fire on the Cuyahoga river that same year left powerful images of the effects of water pollution, the contamination of lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
- 31. SILENT SPRING 31 Rachel Carson published the book “Silent Spring” in 1962, documenting the effects that indiscriminate spraying of pesticides like DDT were having on the environment. Many of these pesticides were persistent pollutants, meaning they resist normal environmental degradation. Biodegradable pollutants will decompose over time.
- 32. 32 1 3 5 6 4 EXTINCTION 2 Blue is the colour of the clear sky and the deep sea Red is the colour of danger and courage Black is the color of ebony and of outer space Yellow is the color of gold, butter and ripe lemons White is the color of milk and fresh snow Blue is the colour of the clear sky and the deep sea
- 33. Business Model Canvas 33 Key Activities Insert your content Key Resources Insert your content Value Propositions Insert your content Key Partners Insert your content Cost Structure Insert your content Rev Extinction lowers the biodiversity, or amount of variation of species and genes within an area. Extinction is a normal process, with a background extinction rate of 1-5 species per year. The current rates of extinction are 1,000-10,000 times that.
- 34. 34 Rapid increases in the population size of countries like India and China caused fears of human overpopulation and famine, an extreme scarcity of food. WEAKNESSES Yellow is the color of gold, butter and ripe lemons One prediction from the book, The Population Bomb: White is the color of milk and fresh snow THREATS
- 35. “The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now. At this late date nothing can prevent a substantial increase in the world death rate...”
Editor's Notes
- This is an example of two important concepts in environmental science: The Law of Unintended Consequences, which states that the actions of people and governments always have unexpected effects. Unsustainability, a condition that cannot continue at its current rate.
- An ecologist named Garrett Hardin wrote an essay called “The Tragedy of the Commons”, describing a major source of environmental conflict: Commons, or areas that are shared and not owned, are likely to be depleted as individuals pursue their own self-interests.
- Years after the National Parks system was established, the city of San Francisco experienced an earthquake, followed by a massive fire. About 90% of the damage was due to the fire, which exposed the city’s inadequate water supply. The city applied to the federal government to construct a reservoir in the Hetch Hetchy valley of Yosemite National Park. In order for the dam to be constructed, a law would have to be passed by Congress and signed by President Woodrow Wilson.
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