1. Dr. Cedric Barrett Baker, Pharm.D., R.Ph
Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Dept . Of Pharmacy Practice / Ctr. for Clinical Research CCR-15
Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta,Ga.
Email: cedric@yak.net
Guest Lecture : Botanical Medicines & Health
Instructor : Dr. Cassandra Quave
Emory University – Center for the Study of Human Health
Atlanta , Georgia April 9th 2015 2:30pm

2.  Champion of enlightenment !
 Incomparable mind!
 Great human being ! Helped a lot of people
all over the world ! A true mentor and friend to
me - God bless John and Mary Fran sempre !

3. “ … the body is the great whole and the
process by which the body digests food is
a smaller center of wholeness within the
body (Nutrition is one perspective on the
wholeness of the body.) You can apply this
concept to refer also to a human being as
a small center of wholeness within the
great whole of the biosphere of the planet
Earth …” T. Colin Campbell from
Whole p 53 (2013)

5.  Food-Medicine Continuum in the Evolution of Human Diets : New Paradigms &
Models !
 Dietary Phytochemicals, Traditional Diets/Dietetics, Epigenomics & Dietary Patterns
 Pleiotropic Phytochemistry & Phytopharmacological Synergy of Bioactive Food
Components
 Traditional Caloric Restriction Methodologies with Prescribed Fasts and Traditional
Dietetics
 Human Culture and Plant Co-Evolution and the Evolution of Consciousness :
Ethnopharmacognosy of Traditional Healers in Asia and the New World
 Conclusions

6. 2015 ?

7.  Worldwide number of individuals overweight
is now equal to the number that are in the
opposite position of suffering from starvation !
 Projections for 2015 are ~ 2.3 billion people
will be overweight and ~ 700 million will be
clinical obese (WHO 2008)
 Obese class 1 BMI 30-34.9
 Obese class 2 BMI 35-39.9
 Obese class 3 BMI 40.0 or > (WHO 1998)

8. Food-Medicine Continuum in Local Ethnobotany
 Traditional Regional Cusines
 Traditional Dietary Patterns
 Traditional Medicinal Foodways
 Spice use as condiment and botanical medicine
 Phytochemistry of Taste !

9.  Zoopharmacognosy and Diet
Evolution to Ethnopharmacognosy
Primates self-medicate with plant-
foods / Humans have evolved spices
- Dr. Eloy Rodriquez & Dr. Richard Wrangham
posit ‘Zoopharmacognosy’ (term-concept)
Spice use in Southeast Asia
- The Phytochemistry of Taste
- Spice use world-wide
“… what humans regularly ingested ,
somewhere between 80-220 plants with
an estimated 80,000 – 220,000
secondary metabolites , modified multiple
physiological processes in a concerted
manner. The understanding … holds
promise for the fields of medicine and
biology not because it is a new insight ,
but because it is an ancient process that
shaped human physiology.”
Dr. Kevin Spelman
Ecological Pharmacology : Humans and plants
coherently couple through phytochemistry.
Unified Energetics 2006. 2(5) p. 40-45 (2)

10.  “There is no fine
line between
spice and herb,
and futhermore,
no true line
between herb,
spice, foods, and
medicine.”
 +

12.  “Spices differ from other
domesticated and
commercialized plant
species in at least one
pharmacologically
significant way : the
marked organoleptic
qualities that signal the
presence of
allelochemicals, which
have been bred out of
many cultivated food
plants…”

13. Used as a food-medicine in India & Southeast Asia for >
3,000 years
-1st century introduced to Greeks by Arab spice traders as “
yellow ginger ”
-Cultivated in China since 7th century
-~1200 CE brought to Africa and later to the Caribbean
-Found in Germany since 1150 CE first known as “ Indian
saffron “
------------------------------------------------------
-Used as a key ingredient in South & Southeast Asian rice
dishes & curries
-Long history of use in North & Central Africa as component
of sofrito sauces which are used to season chicken &
poultry dishes
-In Morocco used to flavor Couscous and as a component
of the la-kama spice mix
-Used as a substitute for saffron in sweet dishes and to
color various dishes
- Used in soups (lentil) & spice mixtures
-Essential oil used in liqueurs to improve flavors such as in
stomach bitters
-Turmeric oleoresin used in food industry as a spice in
soups , sauces , and instant meals

14.  Medieval Materia Medica
 Drug for strengthening the breathing
 Red rose without stems 6 parts
 Long galingale (galangal) 5 parts
 Clove 3 parts
 Mastic 3 parts
 Nard 3 parts
 Asarum 3 parts
 Cinnamon , inferior 2 parts
 Yew 2 parts
 Saffron 2 parts
 Mace 1 part
 Common cinnamon 1 part
 Cardamom 1 part
 Lesser cardamom 1 part
 Nutmeg 1 part
From the AQRABADHIN -The Medical Formulary of Al –
Kindi
 Al-Kindi (c.800-870 CE) born in Kufa , Iraq
Medieval botanist , chemist , and pharmacist (3)
Recipe . 97 Nabatiyya : Chicken Broth with Itriya
Oldest recipe of pasta in soup in Mediterranean
Diet
Itriya-first hard grain pasta in Mediterranean
Cooking
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Chickens --( 2 ) put in pot with finely chopped
white onion , olive oil , chick peas
(crushed)
stick of Chinese cinnamon , Good
piece of
cheese , salt to taste – seasoned with
spices
All crushed in the mortar
Dry ground coriander (seeds)
Ground black pepper
Chinese cinnamon
Galangal
Spikenard
Cloves
Nutmeg
Long pepper
Ginger
3 handfuls of Itriya
10 dirhams of rose water (11)

15.  Medicinal
Foods
 Medical
Foods (Rx)
 Dietary
supplements
 Bioactive food
components
Adapted from

16. New medicines from old
medicines
CBDA Cannabidiolic acid is
main component of glandular
hairs (up to 15 %) selective
Cox2 inhibitor IC50 2.2uM
Cannabinoid acids possess no
psychotropic activity
Do not send Cheech & Chong to
harvest the glandular hairs !
Traditional Thai dietetics
cannabis leaves are a substitute
for hot
basil

17. TRADITIONAL DIETARY
PATTERNS
TRADITIONAL REGIONAL
CUSINES
 Mediterranean Diets
 Asian Diets
 Vegetarian Diets
 Sardinia vs Malta
 Okinawa vs Japan (rest of)
 Loma Lindians

18. TRADITIONAL HORTICULTURE
& AGRICULTURE
TRADITIONAL FOOD
PROCESSING
 Traditional Southeast Asian
Horticulture & Agriculture
 Rice cultivars in the Phillipines
(~4,000) vs Thailand (17,000)
 Neem fences throughout Asia
 Traditional knowledge loss in Karen
tribes of Southeast Asia
 Native American Jerusalem
Artichokes (Helianthus tuberosus)
 Cocoa tea vs Tri-mate in
Bolivia
 Green tea vs Black tea
 Indian Chai vs Kashmiri
Chai
 Indian curries vs Thai
curries

19.  Karen village in the North of Thailand
Thailand – Traditional
Karen
Noelle Johnson in research
with the Karen in Northen
Thailand found ~ 50 edible
wild plant species via Karen
traditions in the geographic
area
Out of the ~ 50 wild plant
species
-- 31 have significantly
declined in use (over the last
10 years)
-- 7 had locally disappeared
( become extinct )
-- 17 were locally cultivated
in household gardens
Dr. Johnson concluded her
most important finding was a
redefinition of the term
Extinction !

20. Long-neck Karen tribe 2005
In the Shan states – Burma
(Myanmar) These people
are fiercely trying to hold
their traditions against a
lot obstacles.
There may be many
reasons for the loss of
traditional knowledge !

21.  “Prehistory ~50,000-60,000 years ago humans wrapped
their food in leaves to retain juices , keep ashes off ,
sometimes enhance flavor , and to tenderize and
preserve meat” , and perhaps treat disease. (1) Dr. Jim Duke
Spices start appearing in the historical records of many
cultures approximately 5,000 years ago !
Looking at this 5,000 year old
historical evolution brings us to the present use of
spices in functional food science and biomedicine .

23. PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF
SPICES
PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF
TASTE
 Gingerols, zingerone
 Allins, allicin, DAD, DAT
 Curcuminoids
 Caradmom (monoterpenes)
1,8 cineole (2 to 44 %)
limonene (2 to 14 %)
 Capsaicinoids
 Aromatic, pungent (m or l),
slightly bitter
 Pungent , burning
(characteristic)
 Mild aromatic, slightly pungent
 Aromatic, slightly pungent,
spicy, mildly burning
 Mild fruity to pungent, spicy and
burning

24. Capsaicinoids – Cardiovascular Bioactivity
-Anti-aggregant , Antioxidant , Anti-arrythymic ,
-Ca+ channel blockers , decreases tachycardia
-decreases ischemia , Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
-Vasodilator ,
Dihydrocapsaicin – Anti-Hypercholesterolemic
Scoville units
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Pain relief Capsaicin 69%
-Analgesic , Anti-inflammatory , Antiseptic –H.pylori 16,000,000
-Quercetin - Cox-2 inhibitor
Dihydocapsaicin 22%
---------------------------------------------------------------------
15,000,000
-Antiobesity
-Thermogenic + Antiangiogenic = Antiobesity agent
Nordihydro (NDHC)
------------------------------------------------------------------
7%
-Cancer Chemoprevention
9,100,000
-Inhibits carcinogen activation
Homodihydro
-Attenuates lipid peroxidation/oxidative DNA damage
(HDHC) 1%
-Inhibits tumor cell proliferation
8,600,000
-Apoptosis induction in cancerous & premalignant cells
-Inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis

25. GINGEROLS [4][6][7][8][10]
GINGEROL [6] MAIN CONSTITUENT
GINGEROL
 Bioactivity of Gingerols
 NF-kB – [6] prior tmt. supresses IkBa phosphorylation
 inhibits TRAIL induced NF-kB activation
 COX-2 – decrease transactivation (COX-2)
 Inhibits PGE(2) production
 iNOS - attenuation of NF-kB mediated iNOS gene expression Zingeberene
 ----------------------------------------------------------
 Zingeberene - Inhibits rhinovirus (35% EO)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 [6] Shogoal – decrease tumor viability via microtuble destruction
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Ginger pharmacological bioactivity (inhibits H. pylori growth -
bacteriostatic)
 antimicrobial , analgesic , antipyretic , antiemetic , anitulcer , anxiolytic ,
antihypertensive
 cardiotonic , hypoglycemic , antihyperlipidemic , anti-inflammatory ,
immunostimulant
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1,6,17,21)
Shogoals [4][6][8][10][12]
Shogoal

26. Indonesia

27. Myristicin –
- Anesthetic , Anti-aggregant IC 50 = 250 uM
- Anti-inflammatory , Anti-oxidant 25-100mg/kg oral
- Ca+ channel blocker IC 50 = 88 uM
- Hallucinogen *
- -----------------------------------------------------
- Borneol –
- Anti-inflammatory , Analgesic ,
- Hepatoprotectant
- ------------------------------------------------------
- Limonene –
- Anti-cancer , Anti-mutagenic , Anti-tumor
- Fungistatic , Antiseptic , Antiviral , Antibacterial
- -------------------------------------------------------

28. PLANTS PHYTOCHEMICALS
 10 -100 million species of
organisms on planet earth
 250,000 – 300,000 species
of plants (estimated) 6 %
explored
 80 - 220 plant species in
early human diets
(estimated)
 ~ 1,000 to 10,000
phytochemicals per plant
(estimated)
 139,000 (known) secondary
metabolites/phytochemicals
estimated at 15% of total
plant chemical constituents
 80,000 to 200,000
phytochemicals in early
human diets

29.  Asian Diet / Diets
---------------------------------
Traditional Japanese Diet
Okinawan Diet – greater use of spices
purple sweet potato widely consumed
--------------------------------------------
Traditional Thai Diet
Thai curry bases – wet curries/fresh spices
At the top of biodiverse use of herbs
and spices in world-wide dietary patterns
– very high vegetable intake
– very high & diverse fruit intake
--------------------------------------
North-vegetable oil base
Central-coconut oil base
South-tamarind paste/ghee base

30. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXAMPLES
 Dietary patterns in health
and disease – Blue Zones
 Biocultural niche
construction in regional
cuisines
 Asian diets and
Mediterranean diets
 Latin American diets
 Epidemiology and Geography of
Diets/Dietary Patterns
 Xenohormesis & Phytochemical
Synergy in Diets / Dietary
Patterns & Regional Cuisine
Construction
 Epidemiology and Hawai’i in
Asian Foodways &
Transmigrations
 Superfoods from the Incas and
Aztecs : Quinoa to Mole

33. FROM CHINA TO SYRIA EGYPT
 10,000 – 15,000 years ago
 Spices in fermented wines
of various bases
 Most likely used as tonics
 Anti-cancer bioactivity in
actual sampled products
 ~ 5,000 years ago
 Extensive use of spices
 Much of the later Greek
medical knowledge came
from Egypt

34.  Egypt – 3,000 BC - garlic in use – spices used in
mummy prep.
 Greece – ~400 BC - Hippocrates formulary included :
cinnamon , coriander , mint , saffron , thyme
 Rome – Claudius & Nero’s surgeon general used
ginger for stomachic problems
 China – ~3,000 B.C. - ginger in use
 Aztecs – chile pepper used with cacao for black
mole
 Mayans – chile pepper used for asthma
India – ~3,000 BC black pepper
used in cooking
Assyrians- ~3,000 BC used :
sesame spice in wine
-(~650 BC) used:
anise , cardamom , coriander ,
cumin , dill , garlic , myrrh , poppy
,thyme , saffron , and turmeric
Babylonians - ~700 BC used :
cardamom , coriander , garlic ,
saffron , thyme , and turmeric

35. Zingiberaceae
Turmeric – ( Curcuma domestica )
Thai – Khamin (~40 varieties in Thailand)
Found in practically all Thai curries , temu lawak
Malay variety used for stiff muscles and jaundice
Ginger – ( Zingiber officinale ) Thai – Khing
(found in almost all kitchens of SE Asia)
in Zingiber Tea -Thailand
in Jamu - rheumatic pain-key component of many
Jamu
Malay tonic tea – grated ginger ,quail eggs & honey
General tonic & aphrodisiac
 Chinese Key – ( Boesenbergia pandurata )
Thai - Krachai / used in mixed veg. fish soups &
curries
Galangal – Thai – Kha -
( Alipinia galanga ) in Zingiber tea - indigestion ,
gas, diarrhea & dysentery
Southeast Asia – Traditional Cuisine & Medicine
has a transnational focus on complex plant mixtures for
traditional functional / medicinal foods & phytomedicines
Spices especially from the Zingiberaceae family form a major
part of this traditional food-medicine continuum.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Traditional Thai Medicine (Thailand) – Zingiber
Tea
1 thumb length ginger & galangal
10 mls ginseng extract
Juice of ¼ lemon 15mls of honey or bee pollen
stimulates digestion,cure flatulence ,constipation,
Indigestion / decongest lungs , sinuses + bronchi due
to colds + allergies , general tonic ,
regulate menstruation + aphrodisiac
------------------------------------------------------------------
Traditional Thai Medicine / Jamu / Ramaun
-------------------------------------------------------------
Uses multiple ingredients in a single preparation for
pleiotropic pharmacological effects – different
pharmacological effects from different ingredients
------------------------------------------------------------------
Jamu - Turmeric in almost all Jamu as a blood
tonic, pain killer, anti-inflammatory
found in 16 jamu for womens health.
Galangal = 12 kinds have documented use in
Jamu

36. Krachai common ingredient in Thai soups and
seafood curries
Traditional Thai Cuisine – digestive
traditionally included in the diet to aid sluggish
digestion , flatulence , and indigestion
In Traditional Thai Medicine – rhizome used for :
oral inflammation , tooth and gum disease – diarrhea
–dysentery
-Also as a diuretic
-Tea from Krachai leaves is used in cases of food
poisoning and allergic reactions to food.
-This rhizome lowers HCA production specifically
through inhibition of the first step of enzymatic
activation of HCAs

37. GLOBAL CANCER BURDEN
 “At an ecologic level, there
was a suggestive inverse
correlation between spice
consumption and all cancer
(excluding non-melanoma
skin cancer) age
standardized.” (6)
 IHS Study & other studies
support data that show India &
SE Asia have some of the
lowest cancer rates and are
among the highest consumers
of ginger and turmeric in the
world.
 India ~ 380,000 tons-yr
 Indonesia~ 192,500 tons-yr
 Thailand~ 170,00 tons-yr
IHS study turmeric & ginger
consumption 95%
 Ginger intake per person
grams/month
 New Dehli 41.7g/mo
 Mumbai 58.3g/mo.
 Trivandrum 37.3g/mo.
GINGER PRODUCTION 2008

39. PLANTS &
PHYTOCHEMICALS
CHEMOPREVENTIVE &
PHARMACOLOGICAL TARGETS 10-100 million species of
organisms on earth
 250,000 – 300,000 species of
plants (estimated) 6% explored
 139,000 (known) phytochemicals
secondary metabolites * est. at
15% of total
 30,000 (known) terpenes
 16,800 (known) alkaloids
 9,000 (known) phenolics
 6,800 (known) flavonoids
 50,000 (known) phytochemicals
with 3 or > bioactivities linked to
targets
 20,000 plant species used in
ethnomedicine world-wide
 10,000 health modifier genes
 500 (known) phytochemical
cancer modifiers
 350-400 (known)
pharmacolgical targets
 12-20 epigenetic health
modifiers – phytochemicals
(known)

40. EPIGENETIC HEALTH MODIFIERS –
PHYTOCHEMICALS/ HISTONE
ACETYLATION MODULATION AND/OR
HDAC/HAT ACTIVITIES
PLANTS SOURCES
S-allylmercaptocysteine, Allyl mercaptan,
Diallyl disulfide (DADS)
Resveratrol
Quercetin
 6-methylsulfinyhexylisothiocyanate
 Curcumin
 Theophylline
 Garlic
 Dark Grapes , peanuts, mulberries
 Apples, onions , nuts , berries , tea
 Japanese horseradish (wasabi)
 Turmeric
 Black & Green tea

41. HORMETIC
PHYTOCHEMICALS
 EGCG-
EC,EGC,ECG .etc
 Curcumin –
curcuminoids
 Gingerols
 Resveratrol-
stilbenes
HORMETIC DOSES VS
PHARMACOLOGICAL
DOSES

42. BOTANICAL NATURAL
PROD
 Turmeric/Curcumin
(curcuminoids)
 Ginger (gingerols)
 Chile peppers
(capsaicinoids)
 Green Tea (EGCG)
 Turmeric
 Curcuminoids
 Ginger (gingerols)
 Chile peppers (capsaicinoids)
 Green Tea (EGCG)
 Cardamom –Cox-2 inh (1-8
cineole) 3o% of oil
 Cinnamon-Cox-2 inh
(cinnamaldehyde)6k-30k ppm
BOTANICAL NATURAL
PROD

44.  Test Product SN Marker compound Cox2(PGE2sec) Cox1(TXB2sec)
 IC50/ug/ml IC50/ug/ml
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Advil/Ibu ibuprofen 0.6-0.7 0.1-0.2
 BayerASA/ASA acetylsalicylic acid 1-2 0.3-0.4
 Celebrex celecoxib 0.05-0.06 3-4
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Turmeric raw root powder <3 7-8
 Curcuma longa
 Curcumin extract 95% curcuminoids 2-3 10-20
 Habanero Chili ground dried fruit 70-80 400-500
 Capsicum frutescens
 Thai dragon dried powder 300-400 >1000
 Capsicum annuum var annuum

45.  CuraMed (EuroPharm) Curcumin extract (BCM-95)
45patients (38females 7males) 38 finished 7 dropped
out. 28 joint assessment for tender joint count, swollen
joint count, and duration of morning stiffness
 3 tmt protocols
 BMC-95 curcumin (500mg) BID for 8 weeks 59.9%SS
IMP
 BMC-95 curcumin + diclofenac 50mg BID x 8 weeks
 Diclofenac 50mg BID x 8 weeks
 Results : Pilot study shows BCM-95 reduced DAS28 &
ACR scores in pat with RA alone or in combination with
diclofenac. Intake levels of 500mg BID x 8weeks with few
adverse effects. Only BCM-95 alone sig decreased CRP
levels

46.  Thai Functional / Medicinal Beverage
* Roselle / Hibiscus Tea
 ------------------------------------------------------------
 Hibiscus tea – ACE inhibitor , diuretic-
bioactivity
 --------------------------------------------------------------
-
 Antihypertensive
 Diuretic
 Antihypercholesterolemic
 Natural Standard rates Grade B
antihypertension
 Clinical evidence lowers diastolic &
systolic blood pressure in mild to
moderate HTN
 One study found comparable hypotensive
effect with Captopril
Functional Dietary Patterns
(29 , 33 , 34, 35 , 36 , 37)

47.  Phytochemistry -
Cinnamaldehyde 6,000 to
30,000 ppm - main
constituent -
 Comparing 49 herbs &
spices Cinnamon potentiated
insulin activity in vitro > 20
fold higher than any other
compound or plant
 Dose dependent effects
similar to insulin
 Pleiotropic synergy in PC
bioactivity of Cinnamon
components for metabolic
syndrome (type 2 diabetes,
dyslipidemias, HTN, CVD)
 One beta blocker
(epicatechin)
 3 diuretic compounds
 6 calcium channel blockers
 Precaution - Drug
interactions with insulin &
other anti-diabetic Rxs.

48.  China – reduce body
temp, tonic , tmt
constipation
antiflatulence agent
 Cambodia – leaves
used to combat fever
& delirium
 Indonesia –
decoction of the
leaves is used to tmt
constipation & expel
intestinal worms
 Malaysia – a poultice
of the powdered
leaves is applied to
burns
 Philippines – juice
expressed from the
green fruit is used tmt
of chronic colitis &
dysentery
 Cambodia, Laos ,
Vietnam – use
cooked fruit to tmt
colds & cough

49. Family - curcubitaceae Phytochemistry (main)
 Genus – momordica Charantin , Vicine , P-insulin
 Species – charantia
 Habitat – Medical Ethnobotany -
tropical and subtropical vine Used in traditional medicine to
widely grown in India , China , prevent and treat diabetes in
SE Asia , Africa , and the China , India , and SE Asia
Carribbean

50. Phytopharmacology
Charantin and mormordin- hypoglycemic effects
Vicine – inhibits glucose absorption
P-insulin- reduces blood glucose levels
Lectin components insulinomimetics (they mimic
insulin)

51. Phytotherapeutic aspects –
Reduces blood sugar ,
Improves glucose tolerance ,
reduces HgA1c
Increase glucose utilization
Anti-viral
Inhibits H. pylori

52. Ramadan
Coptic fasts
Traditional Dietetics & Caloric Restriction

53. Studies show weight loss with attendant
health benefits in well-conditioned
physically active men who fast during
Ramadan vs non-fasters & HDL increase
Studies show in overwt , normal wt. , and
under wt. all have wt. loss most
pronounced by % in the overweight.

54. Coptic fast
More of a caloric restriction fast vs prolong
fast
Health benefits shown in some studies

55. JAPAN / OKINAWA ITALY / SARDINIA
 Social closeness
 Dietary pattens unique to
Okinawa vs the rest of
Japan
 Caloric restriction in
traditional dietetics
 BMI on traditional diets vs
nutrition intervention
 Dietary patterns and social
patterns unique to Sardinia
 Caloric restriction in
traditional dietetics

57. BIOCULTURAL NICHE
CONSTRUCTION
PLANT CHEMISTRY &
CULTURE
 Regional Moles in Mexico
 Regional curries in SE Asia
 Regional tagines in Maroc
 Regional pasta dishes in Italy
 Regional yogurt dishes
worldwide !
 Zingiberaceae family and
neuroprotection in food-
medicine co-evolution of
Southeast Asian foodways
 Thai curries as tonics
 Chai teas as tonics
 POM mango as a new tonic

58.  Shamanic use of ginger
in New Guinea
 In the Bimin-Kuskusmin
tribe plants and fungi
play the most central
role in sacred life
 3 ginger, tobacco, and
mushrooms are
believed to possess
their own spirit unlike
the majority of plants
known to this tribe.

59. TRADITIONAL INDONESIAN
BOTANICAL MEDICINES
AMAZONIAN TRADITIONAL
MEDICAL SCHOOLS
 “ Many Indonesians believe
that some of the older Jamu
recipes were received by
people while in trace, or
through dreams …
one fact is certain : dreams,
mysticism of one sort or
another, and even magic,
are an integral part of
Indonesian traditional
medicine.”
 “ … the shamans sing to the
plants, or the spirits in them,
and are in turn sung back to.
These songs or icaros, are
said to map the vibrational
essence of the plants … ( “
The plant comes and talks
to you, it teaches you to
sing,” ) curandero Don
Solon Tello Lozano …”

60. HOLY BIBLE UNANI-TIBB/ AYURVEDIC &
ZOROASTRIAN TRADITIONS “ Their fruit will serve for food
and their leaves for healing.”
Ezekiel 47:12
 Pomegranate
 Zoroastrians hold the fruit as
sacred and it is used in their
rituals
 Hadith of prophetic medicine
relates that Muhammed PBUH
advised his followers to eat this
fruit to purge envy
 Vedic tradition holds the sweet
juice to be restorative , the root
bark given to expel worms.

61. “Our future medicines ,
especially for chronic
disease , perhaps will be
multi-component
phytochemical mixtures
that resemble good,
quality food.”
Dr. Kevin Spelman
Quote from ,
Ecological Pharmacology :
Humans and plants coherently
couple through
phytochemistry.
Unified Energetics 2006
2(5): p. 40-45

62.  Dr. Eloy Rodriquez – Cornell Univ.
 Dr. Jim Duke MUIH & Green Farmacy Garden
 Dr. Michael Tims MUIH
 Dr. Kevin Spelman MUIH
 Dr. Dennis McKenna Univ. of Minn. Twin Cities
 Kat Harrison Univ of Missouri KC
 Mercer Univ. College of Pharmacy - Dean
Matthews