1. Theories of management
1. Classical management
This approach was developed between 1990 and 1910 and extended through to early
1950s. The theory had 3 branches namely,
a. Scientific management
b. Administrative or principles of management
c. Bureaucratic management
Proposal of Fredrick w. Taylor towards change of both employees and employers;
 Tasks should be determined
 Obtained harmony in group action
 Division of work
2. Administrative theory
It is also referred to as principles of management.
This type of management places emphasis on members of the organization, usually
referred to as body cooperate that is the personnel or employees.
It was developed by a French top management specialist called Henry Fayol
(1841-1925).
The theory emerged in 1916 and it emphasized the perspective of senior managers within
the organization.
He stated five functions or elements of management and 14 principles.
Fayol definition of management; is based on six keys of management in industrial
organization.
a) Technical activities ( production of goods)
b) Commercial activities ( selling and buying)
c) Financial activities (security capital to start and run the organization)
d) Managerial activities ( planning, organizing, directing and controlling)
e) Security activities ( safeguarding organization e.g. insurance)
3. Human relation theory
This theory is designed to equip the learner with principles of human relation theory to be
able to understand and to motivate staff under him in his area of operation for better
services to the patients and the public at large.
The theory was developed by Professor Elton Mayor around 1930s and it was backed up
by A. Maslow, McGregor (1960), Herzberg, Likert, Argyris and Chester Bernard 1938.
It emphasized the human factor at work situation rather than the machines. It aimed at
understanding how psychology and social progress; interact with the work situation to
influence the performance.
4. Situational or contingency theory
This approach is the most suitable for modern management practices because of its
characteristics.
It states that there is not best single approach to management.
Managers should use various principles of all the other approaches in handling
management issues.
He can apply any approach depending on the prevailing circumstances. It is argued that
the approach to be used should be relevant and effective to the management situation at
hand.