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NEWS REPORT
FSHN 492
First and Last Name: Carolina Chaves
Due Date: 25/04/2016
“I have not given, received, or used any unauthorized assistance”
Carolina Chaves
Date of Published Report:
Research article: April 8, 2016
Consumer article: April 22, 2016
Type of Article:
Research article: Primary research article.
Consumer article: Newspaper article.
AMA Citation:
Research article:
Cao Y, Wittert G, Taylor AW, et al. Associations between Macronutrient Intake and Obstructive
Sleep Apnoea as Well as Self-Reported Sleep Symptoms: Results from a Cohort of Community
Dwelling Australian Men. Nutrients. 2016; 8(207). doi:10.3390/nu8040207
Consumer article:
Bakalar N. A High-Fat Diet May Lead to Daytime Sleepiness. New York Times. April 22, 2016.
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/04/21/a-high-fat-diet-may-lead-to-daytime-
sleepiness/?module=BlogPost-
Title&version=Blog%20Main&contentCollection=Eat&action=Click&pgtype=Blogs&region=Body
Accessed April 23, 2016.
URL links for each article
Research article:
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/4/207/htm
Consumer article:
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/04/21/a-high-fat-diet-may-lead-to-daytime-
sleepiness/?module=BlogPost-
Title&version=Blog%20Main&contentCollection=Eat&action=Click&pgtype=Blogs&region=Body
Key Points
Research article:
 Study Purpose: determine the effects macronutrients intake with Apnea disorders in
middle age men under non-experimental conditions.
 Type of Research/Research Design: randomized cross-over study.

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 Study Participants:
o How many individuals: 2054
o What were their characteristics: white female twins.
 Types of data collected (methods): food frequency questionnaires, follow up
interventions 2 years after submitting FFQ. Regression analysis to see the association
between micronutrients and cataract progression.
 Results (what are the primary outcomes from this research?):
o Vitamin C and magnesium is protective against cataract progression.
o No association between consuming Micronutrient supplements and cataract
progression.
 Conclusions drawn by the researchers about their results.
o Vitamin C affect the progression of cataract.
o Ascorbate reduce oxidative stress.
o Manganese, an important antioxidant present in human lens that acts against
cataract progression.
Consumer article:
 Increase consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces risk of vision loss by cataracts
progression.
 Diet a major role in genetics that affect cataracts progression.
 Diets with high amounts of vegetable and fruit consumption are rich in vitamin C.
 Females that regularly consume a diet rich in vitamin C has a lower risk in developing
cataracts
 75 milligrams a day of vitamin C was found to be protective against cataract
consumption.
 Environmental factors has a mayor impacts on cataract progression, more than genetic
factors.
 Supplements don’t impact on the progression of cataracts.
Strengths/Weaknesses:
Research article:
 Study aims have sufficient scientific justification to be worth investigation:
o Strength; Large portion of the world’s population develop cataracts as
population ages. There have been several contradictory research results that
claim the protective effect of some micronutrients against cataracts whereas
others confront these results by founding no effect overall. The present study
measure progression of cataracts using quantitative measurements obtained
from food frequency questionnaires, digital images, and regression analysis
follow by follow ups interventions which make the aim of the study have
sufficient scientific justification to be worth of investigation.
 Sample size:

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o Strength: as the study is a prospective cohort study, 2054 subjects is a good
subject number as it is not difficult to follow up their health over the years or the
time period necessary for the research and is not a small group that can change
the results of the study as it don’t cover some factors important for the aim of
the study.
 Appropriateness of demographics for study purpose
o Limitation: the study is based on female twins volunteers from the united
kingdom which is a narrow population and genetics and environmental factors
may change results in other populations.
 Research quality –
o Limitations: although the study use valid and reliable measurements it was not
well controlled. The participants follow up data collected was not design as a
cataract follow up study but it integrates other factors non-related to the aim of
the study, these reduced the amount of data collected which reduced the
amount of data analyzed.
 Data presentation is logical
o Strength: the data presented is logical and organized. The study purpose,
designed, methods, results and conclusion are easy to follow. The study can be
easily replicate.
 Authors are objective, accurate in their discussion of the results and implications
o Strength: the authors present the study limitations and is not bias towards
publishing only positive results. Furthermore, the authors are accurate in the
discussions of the results as they give statistical data to each of their findings
making the study more trustful for the reader.
Consumer article:
 Appropriateness of article for the intended reader:
o Strength: The author cater the audience appropriately as it describes to the
readers the appropriate amount of fruit and vegetables that should be consume
per day to consume 75 milligrams of vitamin C that is present as the principle
diet source that prevents cataracts progression. Furthermore, the author
describes the foods that contains largest amount of vitamin C which gave the
reader a general idea of some powerful foods that contain vitamin C.
 Bias in their reporting style:
o Weakness: There is bias on the reporting style as the author do not present both
sides of the story. The author have an obvious side of the story that she seem to
be pushing the reader towards. These is a weakness because the author just
present the conclusions of the results given by the study published in American
Academy of Ophthalmology and do not take into considerations other studies
that state that vitamin C or dietary supplements have not effect or benefits on

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cataract progression. These bias in report lead the reader to an erroneous idea
and a new unnecessary habit.
 How comprehensive was the information presented:
o Strength: the information was very comprehensive and there were not obvious
gaps. The author explain to the audience how much milligrams of vitamin C was
good to promote benefits against cataract progression, furthermore she gave
adequate portion sizes to the audience for better understanding of how much 75
milligrams was.
Consider how well (accurately) the consumer article represents the information presented by
the authors of the journal article in your critical analysis.
The consumer article precisely represents the information presented by the authors of
the journal article. The author of the consumer article took the results from the journal
article and put them in simple words allowing the general audience understand the
benefits that vitamin C brings when consumed in proper amounts. Furthermore, the
consumer article explains to the reader the sources, how much and how to measure
vitamin C to prevent cataract progression as population ages. Although the consumer
article is bias in the reporting style as it do not present the unclear evidence of the
benefits of consuming vitamin C, it is not bias on the results of the journal article as it
accurately and precisely presents the results.
Implications
 Nutrition Professionals
o The article shouldn’t change their practice as it states the role of some minerals
and vitamins that can help prevent the progression of cataracts as a person gets
older. Furthermore the research outline specific antioxidants like magnesium
and Vitamin C that helps prevent cataract progression as they are factors related
to oxidative stress. The study shouldn’t change policy as the study is trustful and
relay in different studies that go against and in favor of the protective effects of
Vitamin C and magnesium in cataracts.
 Consumers
o The value added that a thoughtful consumer might find in this article are the
benefits that consumption of fruit and vegetable brings to health and the
prevention that vitamin C and magnesium could bring to eye cataracts as a
person ages. There are valuable pieces of information provided by the articles
that the consumer would find worthwhile to integrate into their knowledge of
nutrition as: food sources that contains vitamin C, how much vitamin C is
necessary to meet the body requirements and how much cups of fruit and
vegetables are needed daily to meet vitamin C requirements. Furthermore,
other valuable pieces of information regarding health behaviors that the
consumer would find worthwhile to integrate are: increasing vegetable and fruit
consumption as it don’t only will help preventing eye cataracts but it will help

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the consumer maintain body weight, decrease chronic diseases and feel
healthier and more active.