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Congreso ExpoFuego Chile 2016 - Carlos Rallo de la Cruz
- 1. Fire safety evacuation design – Advanced tools Carlos Rallo de la Cruz M. Arch M.Eng. in Fire safety
- 2. 2 Fire safety evacuation design - Adavanced tools? Code - Prescriptive parameters Code - Performance Based Design SFPE Handbook estimation Computational models for evacuation
- 4. 4 Interiors Bus, Train, Metro facilities Exteriors Public buildings Stadiums Airports WHERE?
- 5. 5 1. Avoide crowd dangerous situations 2. Ensure evacuation times and safety 3. Optimize normal operation and evacuation WHY? 1. 2. 3.
- 6. 6 70s human movement fluid • Distance to the exit • Travel speeds and flows corridors, doors and stairs properties • Effective width Limited representation of the impact of human factors NO Decision-making process 80s Fist computer models for evacuation simulation 90s Equation-based models Agent-Based Models WHEN? Evacuation modelling first two assumptions: • Human behaviour during evacuation is rational • Human behaviour during evacuation can be predicted Arturo Cuesta, Orlando Abreu, Daniel Alvear, Springer 2016, Evacuation Modeling Trends
- 7. 7 Evacuation models Basic flow model analysis ‘Grid’ model analysis ‘Continuous’ model analysis HOW? Evacuation Time + Level of Service
- 8. 8 Fruin, J. J. (1971) Pedestrian planning and design Density/Flow/Speed HOW? Level of Service (LOS)
- 9. 9 HOW? Fruin Walkways Fruin Stairways Fruin platform (Queuing) IATA Wait/Circulate Level of Service (LOS)
- 10. 10 HOW? EVACNET4 WAYOUT STEPS PedGo PEDROUTE Simulex GridFlow ASERI FDS+Evac Pathfinder SimWalk PEDFLOW EXODUS Legion SpaceSensor Evacuation Planning Tool (EPT) MassMotion Myriad II ALLSAFE CRISP EGRESS SGEM EXIT89 MASSEgress EvacuatioNZ Building Evacuation Models NIST Technical Note 1680. A Review of Building Evacuation Models, 2nd Edition (2010)
- 11. 11 CASE STUDY FDS + Evac FDS => National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FDS Evac => Developed at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland FDS+Evac is fully embedded in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)
- 12. 12 CASE STUDY FDS + Evac Fire related properties • Gas temperature • Smoke • Gas densities • Radiation levels Smoke reduces the walking speed • Reduced visibility • Toxic effects Fractional Effective Dose (FED)
- 13. 13 CASE STUDY FDS + Evac FDS Evac Simulex FDS Evac Simulex Exodus
- 14. 14 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Verification testing of the MassMotion model has been performed in accordance with: • International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 1238 • National Institute of Standards (NIST) [Ronchi, E., Kuligowski, E.D., Reneke, P.A., Peacock, R.D., Nilsson, D., The Process of Verification and Validation of Building Fire Evacuation Models, NIST Technical Note 1822, 2013.] First Version - April 2011 Current version MassMotion 8.5.8.0 - September 2016 The most advanced pedestrian simulation and crowd analysis tool available
- 15. 15 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys
- 16. 16 CASE STUDY
- 17. 17 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys
- 18. 18 Create geometry Include properties Simulation Reporting CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys
- 19. 19 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Scene • Floor • Link • Stair • Ramp • Escalator • Path • Portal • Barrier Connection Objects
- 20. 20 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Working with Geometry • Importing Geometry (.3ds, .dae, .dxf, .fbx, .ifc, .obj) • Creating Geometry • Editing Geometry BIM model • Revit IFC MassMotion
- 21. 21 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys “Each agent has the ability to monitor and react to its environment according to a unique set of characteristics and goals” Agents • Profile characteristics • Scheduling (events, journey, etc) • Behaviour Agent Tasks ("things to do") Agent Navigation (best path to a given destination) Costing Routes Agent Movement (Social Forces)
- 22. 22 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Physical properties • Body Radius • Speed Distribution • Direction Bias • Shuffle Factor • Max Acceleration • Max Turn Rate Agents, Profile Properties Personality • Horizontal • Distance Cost • Vertical Distance • Cost • Queue Cost • Processing Cost + Tokens!
- 23. 23 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Types • Moving to a portal destination • Moving to and entering a process chain • Evacuating a zone • Waiting in an area for some duration • Executing a sequence of sub tasks (in order) • Exiting the simulation Agents, Behaviour, Agent Tasks
- 24. 24 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Agents, Behaviour, Agent Navigation Automatically creating path networks
- 25. 25 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Costing Routes • Downstream Horizontal Distance (target – goal) • Downstream Vertical Displacement • Near Horizontal Distance (agent – target) • Queue Time • Opposing Flow • Closed Penalty • Backtrack Penalty Stochastic Elements => randomness => agent personality and choice variability Agents, Behaviour, Agent Navigation
- 26. 26 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys • Finding the Target • Neighbours • Social Forces Agents, Behaviour, Agent Movement Component Forces • Goal • Neighbour • Cohesion • Collision • Drift • Orderly Queuing • Corner Agent Speed • Profile + • Density • Object Speed/Type
- 27. 27 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Properties • Direction • Gates (open by an event) • Flow Limits • Priority Flow • Delay on Enter and Exit • Banks and Perimeters Connection Objects • Escalators • Links • Paths • Ramps • Stairs
- 28. 28 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Events • Time Event For creating time reference points • Action Event For how to apply an action to all agents in the simulation • Open Gate Event for how to control gated actors • Evacuate Event For how to trigger a basic evacuation
- 29. 29 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Reporting Graph and Table Data (text CSV file) Graph Images (Maps) Scene Images and Videos Alembic (export to 3d Max) FlowCounts Number of agents who crossed the given connection in the given direction during the given interval. Journey Times (total, by floor, by token, etc) Where and when they entered the simulation, where and when they exited the simulation, their normal speed, total distance traveled, how long the spent 'congested‘, and how long they spent experiencing various levels of service Link Queue average Average number of agents queuing
- 30. 30 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys Agent Count/path Displays paths of agents across selected objects, where the colour represents the number of agents who have ever occupied that space. Agent Time To Exit Displays paths of agents across selected objects, where the colour represents the maximum time it took an agent to exit the simulation from that point. Average/max. Density Colours objects based on the average agent density at each point. Time Above Density Colours objects based on how long each point has had an agent density above a given threshold. Time Occupied Colours objects based on the total amount of time each point was occupied by any agent. Reporting Graph and Table Data (text CSV file) Graph Images (Maps) Scene Images and Videos Alembic (export to 3d Max)
- 31. 31 CASE STUDY MassMotion Oasys
- 32. 32 Flow Modeling Validation Detail DesignConcept Design Architects, please don’t forget!
- 33. 33 Carlos Rallo de la Cruz M. Arch M.Eng. in Fire safety carlosrallo@gmail.com Thank you for your attention!