The document discusses the respiratory, laryngeal, and articulatory systems involved in speech production. It outlines the active and passive articulators, describes different types of voices including normal, whisper, breathy, creaky, and falsetto. The document also lists common speech and voice disorders such as Broca's aphasia, dysarthria, dysphonia, aphonia, puberphonia, stammering, stridor, and hoarseness. It notes that speech is produced during the expiratory phase and amplification is necessary.

1. PRERANA MISHRA
M.B.B.S.-013
D-21

2. Respiratory System
Laryngeal System
Articulatory System

10. a) Normal Voice b) Whisper
c) Breathy Voice

11. d) Creaky Voice e) Falsetto

12. a) Active
Articulators
 LOWER LIP
 TONGUE
 GLOTTIS
 UVULA

13. b) Passive
Articulators
 PALATE
 ALVEOLAR RIDGE
 UPPER LOWER TEETH
 NASAL CAVITY
 VELUM
 PHARYNX
 EPIGLOTTIS
 OESOPHAGUS
 TRACHEA

14. DISORDERS OF SPEECH
 BROCA’S APHASIA
 DYSARTHRIA
DISORDERS OF VOICE
 DYSPHONIA
 APHONIA
 PUBERPHONIA
HYPERFUNCTIONAL DISORDERS
 STAMMERING
OTHER DISORDERS
 STRIDOR
 HOARSENESS

15. Speech is made during expiratory
phase.
 Amplification is a necessity.