Africa’s Great Green Wall: Building Prosperity and Resilience
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1) The Great Green Wall initiative aims to address challenges like food insecurity, poverty, and climate change across Africa by restoring degraded drylands in the Sahel region through tree planting and improved land management. 2) The initiative analyzed over 63,000 plots across 11 countries to map areas suitable for restoration under three scenarios of increasing ambition. 3) The most ambitious scenario identified over 166 million hectares of land as restoration opportunities in the core Great Green Wall region to help achieve environmental and development goals by 2030.
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Africa’s Great Green Wall: Building Prosperity and Resilience
- 1. Forward Looking Commitments Mapping Restoration opportunities 1 Africa’s Great Green Wall Building Prosperity and Resilience Simon Rietbergen Senior Forestry Officer FAO Global Landscape Forum l COP22, Marrakech, 16 November 2016
- 2. In this presentation • GGW overall goal • GGW intervention area • The map of restoration opportunities • Next steps
- 3. GGW overall goal • Address increasing challenges of food insecurity, poverty, forced migration climate change, desertification, biodiversity loss • Improve resilience of human and natural systems Restoration: Intervention priority as defined by member countries
- 4. Drylands by Aridity Index from UNEP-WCMC 2007, rev 2014 Defining the Core GGW area 1.6 billion ha of drylands in North Africa, Sahel and Horn • 55% of Africa land area • 11% world land area 0.8 billion ha in core GGW area Core GGW area Hyperarid Arid Semiarid Dry subhumid Core GGW area 400 mm precipitation limit
- 5. • Overall GGW : 500 million people • Core GGW : near 50% Population & Land use • Land use distribution in the core GGW area (0.8 billion ha) Core GGW area 400 mm precipitation limit Population density (person/km2) 0 – 5 5 – 25 25 – 50 50 – 100 100 – 500 More than 500
- 6. Global trends on tree cover, forest and land use: a new pilot assessment Available already (eng version) http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5905e.pdf Mapping restoration opportunities in GGW: data used French version ready by December 2016 . Data collected within the framework of the first ever global drylands assessment that was conducted by FAO with many partners since 2015 Report to be presented in 2017
- 7. 63,050 plots generated and used Mapping restoration opportunities in GGW: data used each plot assessed 0.5 ha Detail of the distribution of plots
- 8. Mapping approach • Each plot is assessed for over 70 variables • Used tree cover as indicator of opportunity • Stratified landscapes based on aridity zone and land use • 3 scenarios with increasing level of ambition • The map of restoration opportunities was produced by classifying tree cover below the optimum condition
- 9. Highly ambition Medium ambition Low ambition Aridity Land Use MEDIAN best half value at 75% all plots 75% worse half TC% (target) TC% (target) TC% (target) Arid cropland 35.00 13.75 0.00 cropland irrigated 6.00 0.69 0.00 forest 45.00 34.42 0.00 settlement 8.00 2.81 0.28 wetland 8.00 2.14 0.15 Semiarid cropland 25.00 7.97 1.07 cropland irrigated 8.00 3.28 0.17 forest 65.00 37.98 22.18 settlement 15.00 6.44 1.13 wetland 8.00 2.36 0.13 Hyperarid cropland 55.00 22.19 2.15 cropland irrigated 8.00 2.96 0.17 forest 75.00 27.86 20.00 settlement 6.00 0.50 0.00 wetland 4.00 0.78 0.00 Dry subhumid cropland 15.00 6.42 1.48 cropland irrigated 8.00 3.60 0.38 forest 85.00 53.82 24.19 settlement 25.00 8.28 2.36 wetland 8.00 2.71 0.11 Mali, 195 km East of Bamako No restoration need Mapping approach Optimum tree cover conditions by scenario Satellite image of forest in semi arid zone Plotwith65%treecoverMapofopportunities
- 10. GGW Restoration opportunities map based on the most ambitious scenario
- 11. Great Green Wall Dashboard How big is it? Core area 780 million ha How far have we come? Strong political Commitment Scenario SDG – 2030 • Range of restoration need : 5 to 10 million ha/ year • But with Climate Change…. How fast do we need to go? Opportunity area - scenario • High 21% - 166 million ha • Medium 16% - 128 million ha • Low 8% - 66 million ha
- 12. Next steps • Map and quantify the overall opportunities – Oasis systems (Hyperarid) – Grasslands • Support countries based on demand – Refine commitments at country level (LDN Targeting, SDG 15, AFR 100) – Build information systems – Assess investment opportunities & attract them
- 13. This work is supported by www.fao.org/in-action/action-against-desertification www.fao.org/dryland-forestry Further information (brochure and map) available at :
- 14. Thank You! GGW Restoration opportunities map based on the most ambitious scenario
Editor's Notes
- The Great Green wall is Africa’s flagship initiative to build proposeprity and resilience in over 20 countries around the Sahara. It was developed by African Head of States and Government and endorsed by African Union in 2007. Aiming at adressing on a long term the increasing challenges across drylands of North Africa , Sahel and the Horn. Building a Great Green Wall means : creating a great mosaic of green and productive landscapes, it means improving resilienece of human and natural systems. Restoration is needed to build resilience, improve productivity and livelihoods. Therefore countries have made land restoration a priority in the GGW regional harmonized strategy and the related GGW national action plans.
- Africa land: 3.04 billion ha; world land 14.85 billion ha (Wikipedia source) Drylands in North Africa, the Sahel and Horn is a huge territory (1.6 billion ha representing 55% of Africa and 11% of the World land area). So, where to invest ? There is a need to prioritize : To do this we took into consideration 2 things : The Drylands aridity map as identified by UNEP which defines drylands with 4 aridity zones: Hyperard, arid, semi arid and dry subhumid) and, The 400 mm precipitation limit as proposed by countries in the GGW harmonized strategy and GGW national action plans, as you can see on the map, leaving also flexibility….as some countries expressed the need to go on either side of the 400 mm. Combing the above, we found that arid and semi-arid could better represent the core GGW area (as the priority intervention area for the GGW) which represents 0.8 billion (the half of the greater great green wall)
- To define where to invest in restoration, FAO has worked with partners in the region to develop a restoration opportunity map in the GGW. To proceed with the restoration opportunity mapping, we have used data collected within the framework of the first ever global drylands assessment (trees, forests and land use in drylands) that was conducted by FAO with many partners.
- Through the global drylands assessments, we have assessed over 60,000 plots (each plot assessed has a size of 0.5 ha) spread across drylands of North Africa, Sahel and the Horn as shown in this map. To assess these sample plots , local experts used a tool developed by FAO (open foris collect earth) to assess tree cover density and land use by manually interpreting the mostly very high resolution satellite images available in Google Erath Engine and Bing Maps. Mathematical interpolation was used to generalize measurements made at specific points (plots) into wider estimates of area. we used The picture shows how each plot (half a hectare) looks The zoomed area show into detail the distribution of the plots.
- As you see, we have mapped the restoration opportunities based on tree cover for forest land, cropland, wetland and settlements. This work need to be completed by mapping the restoration opportunities for the hyper-arid zone (which contains oases for example, a very important agriculture system that has been supporting the resilience of communities for millennia, and the grasslands where tree cover is a poor indicator) FAO stands ready to continue supporting countries in partnership with EU, GCF and potential financial partners: Medium-sized grant-based projects with FAO as the accredited implementing entity; and Large-scale multi-partner programmes and projects with blended financing. FAO’s comparative advantage The leading source of technical expertise on sustainable agriculture in a changing climate. A trusted, neutral broker between agricultural sector representatives and environment, climate and financial stakeholders. A member-based organization that is mandated to operate in a demand-driven way through its 135 decentralized offices.
- We thank all our partners : Google, The African Union and the World Bank as well as the partners who have contributed to data collection and analysis in the region including : Google as well The AGHRYMET Regional Centre of CILSS who led the data collection in the Sahel, the Directorate General of forests of Tunisia who led the data collection for North Africa and WRI with the Addis Ababa University who led data collection in the Horn. Our financial partners: the European Union in the framework of the Action against desertification in support of the Great Green Wall and south-south cooperation in ACP countries; the Federal Ministry for the Environment, nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety of Germany in the framework of the Global Forest Survey project.