1. ATP is often described as the universal energy currency of cells. It couples catabolic and anabolic processes. 2. The products formed at the end of stage 1 in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP and reduced NADP. 3. Glycolysis requires glucose, the appropriate enzymes and ATP.

1. 1n wh.ich of the following reactions of
_photosynthesis is the -first carbohydrate
formed?
4.ATP"is ~ften described as' the 'universal
energy currency of cells; . An i.l:tiportant
feature of ATP is that it -
-2-
1.
.When n<?n-cyciic photophosphorylation
occurs
2.
-CA)
(B)
(C) -
(D)
takes part in a lunited number of
reactionsofmetabolism _
is uSed only where it is rriade
couples catabolic and anabolic
_ processes.
is released ~ large amounts
. OJ) _6HJO+.6(:OJ-~CI'iH.P~+'ol
(C:) O~H+ElQH--'H~A;U~
(0) RlInp+(:O~~ ZCilt-
The products fo~ed ~t the end of stage 1in
the light dependent reactions of
photosynthesiS are - -
3.
(A)
(B)
- _(C)
(D)
-light ~nergy in the green rew.onof
. - the spectrum is absorbed
carbon dioxide is fixed -
oxygen is produced -
NAD is reduced
s.
.. _.: . .. . . .
- .
The knowledge of the limiting factors which.
¥Tect the rate of photosyntb.esis of a particular
plant species CANNOT be used diJ:ectly to :
(A)_produce disease resistant-plants /. -
(B) increase the food yield of the plant
. (C) - - controlenvironmentalstress
- (0) -controlfloweiing and fruiting "
(Aj
(B)
(C)
(D)
oxygen, ATP and NADP
oxygen, ATP and reduced NADP
water, ATP and NADP .
water, ATPand reduced NADP
. -6.
'.
,-
6lyc<;llysis reqUires gluCose, the appropriate -
ailzymes and
(A) - reduced NAD
(B) ATP
(C) - pyruvate .
(1) - -acetyl co-enzyme A
02207010/SPEC2007
GO ON TO THE NEXT pAGE ..

2. •
7.
-3-
J
The diagram below represents a
mitochondrion. Which of the labels I to IV
indicate the sites of Krebs Cycle and the
Electron Transport Chain?
1
m-<"
Krebs. Electron
Cycle 'Ihinsporl Chain
(A) I II.
(B) II ill
(C) ill IV
(D) IV II
8. Pyruvate produced by glycolysis can only
become part of the Krebs cycle if it is first
converted to
(A) NADH
(B) ethanol
(C) acetyl-coenzyme A
(D) citrate
l'
9. The diagram shows a simple respirometer.
ltullD .
f ".
~ ,e-:-:: -::::-=-:.3-=-=:"': U1~ :
lfmmlnlHi'" T "Sod. ".fluid ."
lime {'.,ermlnatln.J&.p~ ~
~_.-Syrioge
GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE
02207010/SPEC2007

3. ,.1 .'.
-4-
!
,I ...
10. Which .ofthe fallawing is NOT a funetian.of
anaerobic respiratian itiyeast? .
13. .Tree - caterpillars -- insectivarous birds-
snakes.
(A) Generatian .ofreduced NAn
(B) ContiJiuationaf glycolysis
(C) Generati.on of ATP .
(D) Productiancif carban diaxide
..11.. .Which afth~ fallawing BEsT describes aD
eColagical niche? .
(A) The relatianship between the species
and the .other organisms in the
habitat
(B) The functionai role that the argansim
plays in its habitat . .
(C) The habitat thatpravides faad far the
.organism
(D) The habitat that pravides the mast
suitable environmental conditions
. far the .organism .
, '.
Which .ofthe fallawing diagrams represent a .
pyramid ofnumbers forthe faodchain shawn
,abave?
12. Whi~h .ofthe fallowing is ~nsideied as~1ii:rrlt
t.o the number .of traphic levels in a faad
chain? . .. ...
(0).. .! ...
iI
" .
;", ~ . "
, .
. . ""
. Iten:i.14refers tathefallaWing graph which
represents biamass pf .organisms aver a '
periad .oftiine.
The diversity of species in the
ecasystem .
A high. percentage ..of the energy
cansumed is canverted ta heat
Same .ofthe energy cOnsumedislast
in faeces nd tiriJie .
The .. net .praductivity .af the.
ecasystem.
"~IJ .
. ,•...('
, .-"U
ASONb
""f(IiJIU, .,f1IIg;"'lOU
14. If all faur traphic levels are represented;
which graph wauld identify plankton?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A
B
,'C
;i
D
l.
. 022070l0/SPEC2007
GO ONTOTIiENEXTPAGE .

4. -5.,.,
Item 15 refers to th~ following diilgram
whiclt represents part of the nitrogen cycle.
16. Which .of. the. following is NOT a
characteristic feature of xylem vessels?
.'.
,
Root pressure, ~apillarity, cohesion and
adhesion allcontribute to
. (A) the. movement ofsuctose along
-thephloem
(B) the ascent of water in xylem
veSSels . -
(C) the mass flow of hutrients along .
.sieve elements
. (0)' thelossofwaterviatheleaves
I'
i
15.
A
NI~"I~fa
Anlmlllll -
.Nitrifyirig b~cteria are MOST active at .
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(O)D
17.
(A)
(B)
. '(C)
(0)
No end walls. /'
Cells endto end .-/
Thick cellulose cells walls.. j... - -. • 'f .
No cell.contents (hollow)'- .
Item 18 refers to the figure below showing an outline 6f soine of the cells from the phlOem
of a mango tree. . -.
--om
18. . Which of the following correctly identifies the structures numbered I to IV?
I
(A) Sieve pore _.
(B) Pasmodesma
(C) Plasmodesma
(0) Seve plate
II
. sieve tube
sieve plate
sieve~late
. sieve pore
ill
plasmodesma.
sieve pore' .
._sieve pore
sieve tube
IV
companion cell
.sievetube
companion cell ~
plasmodesma
GO ONTO THENEXTPAOE
022070101SPEC2007

5. ....
"
. 19.
20.
-6-
.'
Which of the following statements proVides ,'22 .
the BEST explanation ofwhy sueroserather
than glucose is tran~orted by the phloem?
(A) ,SuCrose passes through plant cell
surface membranes more easily.
(B) Sucrose is a disaccharide and is .
more easily converted to starch. ,.
(C) SuCroseis a non-reducing sugar and
so it is less reactive. . " '
(0) Sucrose synthesis does not require ...
ATP.
The Mass Flow Theory of the transport of .'
. organic solutes in.the phloem po~tliai
/
. Which of the following correctiyi~tifies the .
mammalian blood cell shoWnin the diagram ,.
below?
(A) m~crophage ..
. ' (B) ..redbloodceU
, '(C), 'neutrophil"
(D) ,.. lymphocyte
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
sucrose diffuses frommesophyllcells.
into the phloem along a"
. concentration gradient , .
. sucrose moves by osmosis into the
phloem when water ascends the,
xylemintOtheleaf' .
.Sucrose is actively pumped by
mesophyll cellS directly into the
phloem against a concentration .
giadient . '
sucrose is actively pUr!lped by
companion cells mediating between ..
. mesophyll cells ~d phloem against
a concentratiOn gradient
23.
-, .
j '.
T~e gr~ph' beiow, shows ,the 6xygen.
difsociatiop curve for 1:lUmanhaemoglobin.
I'J ' .'
i: .,'
.IIl:': .
,. ~rl!ldllOQ .. ' 'ttl
nf1IIln"CIp"tn '5a
dhllll~1lt ill,
, ..~
III .
41 ...., .,. 113
'mfl"'tnn~d~II"
21. In which of the following phases of the.
cardiac cycle is a pulSe generated?
, Which of the following ranges of partiai
pressureS of oxygen would befoUJ?d in
pulmonary arteries?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
, Atrial systole .
Atrial diastole
Ventricular systole
Ventricular diastole
(A) ,
(B)
(C)
(D)
BetWeen 0 and3.kPa
Between 3 and 6 kPa .
, BetweeIi 6 and 9 'kPa
. Between 9 aild 12kPa
GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE
02207010/SPEC2007

6. -; ".
-7-
24. .. Which'ofthefollowingisNOTafunctionof
. theliver?
(A) Production of plasma proteins
(B) Metabolismoffat
(C) Control of blood sugar
(0) StorageofVitaminsB.CandD
"
yz
Item 25 refers to a micrograph of part of the cortex of the kidney.
! .
25. Which of the following correctly identifies X. Y and Z? .
x Y. Z
(A) . Glomerulus
(B) DiStalconvoluted tubule
(C) GlODienllUS
(D) RenaJ.capsule .
'.
distal convulutedtubule
renal capsule
renal cap~ule
Gomenllus
renal capsule
glomerulus .
distal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule
0220701O/SPEC2007.
GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE

7. ......'
..-.t':' -~.
. . .
29. ..' Which of thefollowing combinatiom correctly
. , : '. identifieScharacteristics of both giucagon and
iDsiilint " ., .
GlucagonInsulin
. . (A) generating an action potential of
. +4OInvinthe postsynaptic knob'
(B) " depolarit1ng the presynaptic Imob by
". entering the neurone .'
(C) . restorfug the resting potential of the
neurone by leaviJigthe cell '
(D); ,triggering. the release of
... nfmrotransmitterfrom the synaptic
C vesicles '.
'. ...~
. -";'.,0,
28. ' . In Ii cho1iD.eigicsYnapse; calciumions(Ca2+)
are involved in the transrirlsSion of nerve
impulsesby~',
Mechanism .'
(A) Collecting duct Actiye transport
... ~-
(B) Distalconvo- Passive diffusion
luted tubule
(C) . Glorllerulus' '.. Selectiveteabs
tion .' '.,'
Which of the follo~g indicates the sire and .'
mechanism for the reabsorptiQIl of giucose
into the blood capillaries from Ii human
. kidney nephron?
. ,(D) ProxiiIial. . Activetr~ort
convoluted
• tubule.'
.26.
I •
I 'f
1:,(
I r f
.r'.; ".
I !:....,> ~ / .
I ~w/ .~~:/
B
(;
"
m
,I. " : TransttJi.ssionlSslow /
.'n.Responseis slow __
ill;" Response is reversible
Iv. '. Jiesponse is widespread --
(A) . I, Uand monly
(B) L ill and IV.only
(C) . iI, illaud IV only
(D) I, II and IV only.
30. 'j' • Which thIee of the following combinatiolls
.correctly. describeS .the featUres which 'are
typicalof endocrine CoIIimunication? .
.(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
......
.Item 27tefers to the diagram below. .
..
~
J"..•.,.,,""
'it"I 8'
.1N atI. ..-
I
.j41!:
27. The diagram shows the' changes in
'metpbtanepermeability when a stimuluS'is
applied to a neurone. In which region of the
action potential-A, B, C or D,do soduimions ..
begin to move in? .
- . "'-
i .
02207010/SPEC2007
GO ON TOTHE NEXT PAGE',

8. & ,(l' "
-9-
31. As women pass 50 years of age tltey ~uire 34.
less iron and more calcium in their diets. '
Which statement provides the BEST
, explanationforthis?
Time
PulseJbeat$ . Systolicblood
, ..1
pressure/min HeDllD.
At rest 60 110
5 mins 75 130
iOmins 80 165
• 0- _
During. starvation, the FIRsT reserve used
by the body to maintain energy levels is .
DCq -
-RlV, .
•.••.•.•T"tfb
The graph shows the development of an
infeCtion with huInanimmwi~eficiency virus
(HIV) over a period of 10 years.
(A) A.
(B) B
(C) C
(0) I)
. The patient is MOST likely to fiist .show
. symptoms of AIDS at point
.' (A) Intimate sexual cOntact
(B) Containination with infected blood
(C) Mother's breast1Dllk to her baby
(0) Mosquito saliva and transfer ofblood
3S. Which of the following is NOT a mode of
.transmission of the human fmmune deficiency
virus (HIV)?
Blood cells are more readily broken
down and must be replaced.
Women at that age need. to replace
calcium lost during child bearing
years.
'. Menstruation is gradually reducing,
and bone loss is increasing •
. .Less .active' women would NOr
require as 'manY ,bloqd cells to be .
•'manufactured ...
(A)
(B)
,(C)
(0)
. (A), . sf<)redglycogen .
. (B) .' protem in muscle . .
(C) . "vitaniinS stored in liver .
(0) stored fat
, . Astudent iJivestigates the immediate effects .
of exerciseo~ the body and records the'
folloWing reswtS '
33.
32.
I:
Which of the following is the percentage
change in blood pressure after 10 minutes of
exercise?
36. ,Which of the following is the human body's
first lille of defence against invading
pathogens? .
(A) 45%
(B).' 50%
(C) . 55%
(D) 60%
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The production of antibodies
The production of antigens
The ingestion of pathOgens by B-
.lymphocytes
.The ingestion of pathogens by
phagocytes
OOONTq~NmITR~aB'I ; , , : ,: ! " :-' • ~ '
'.' 1 1 ' ~ ':: 1 i'

9. .-~~'---
• p
~ :. ~....
.'
-10 -
Cells that divide and give rise to lytnphoc}'tes
are called stem cells. In which of the
following structures of the human body do ..
these stem cells Carry out their division? .
/. 1
I
;/
(
.,
37.
. (A) Bone marrow
(B) Spleen
(C) . ThymUs.
(D) Lymphnodes'
. 39.. Which of thefollowing options besttieSCribes
the type of immunity that resuItsfi:'O'm.taking.'
an oral vaccine for ~olio?
(A) Active natural immimity
'(B) Passive natural immunity
(C) '.' Active artificial immunity
(D) Passive artificial immunity
. ..
. a SJIUillquantity of several antibodies --.
Imide by Olle particular type of B-
iymphocyte. .'
_, made by fusmg alymphocyte w!~ba
. .somatic cell . . -
produced by T cells after .expOsure .
. to'one particuiar antigen. - .
(A)"
(B)
Long term' eJq>osUre of the liver to. high .
concentril1ions of alcohol eveni:ually t:eSults
.fuliverfailun;. This is due.to the development
of the disease called-
'(C)
,(D).
40. '. AIllOliocloilalantibodyis
Item"38 refers to the folloWingdiagram which' ..
illustrates an antibody molecule., . - .
0--
1. -
38. The two labels which represent the ~tigen
.binding site and the region which gives
flexibility m bmding to antigens are
. i (A) CirrhoSis ..
! (B)' . -Multiple sClerosis
(C) Atherosclerosis . .
(D) Arteriosclerosis
. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
1and 3
2.and3
3 and 4
1 and 4
.GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE
02207010/SPEC2007

10. E... "'." .' ~ . .' ,
. .
~.",1.' " ••. .
J. - 11 -
42. The table below shows the effects of three components of tobacco
. smoke (X., Y. Z) in humans.
x y- Z
Lung cancer
Constriction of Reduces the oxygen -
~eS carrying capacity ofblood
Mucus secretion '. Releaseof Combines with haemoglobin
high adrenaline
Which of the following correctly identifies X. Y and Z?
.' .'
x y Z
(A) Tar. .Carbon monoxide Nicotine
(B) Tar Nicotine Carbon monoxide
(C) Nicotine Carb~n monoXide Tar
.Carbon.monoxide
.
(0) Tar NicotiIie
43. . What is the name of the enzyme used to
produce. sections of DNA from messenger
RNA for use illgenetic engineering?
Item 45 refers to the diagram below showing
a map of a plasmid shoWing the positions' of. ,
recognition sequences of two restriction
enzymes.
(A) DNApolymeri1se
.(B) " Reverse traD.scriptase
(C), Restriction endonuclease .
(0) RNA polYmerase
....
44.' Which of the following DNA IIlolecUlescan
be sectioned by usiD.ga restriction enzyme
with a recognition site of MIT?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
In an experiment to use this plasmid as a .
vector for thebuman insUlingene. for which
of the following reasons would the genetic
engineer choose the Bani location to rot this
plasmid?
45.
CATGGCATGGCA
GTACCGTACCGA
TACCG,TTAAGCT
ATGGCAATTCGA
GCTTGCATAAGC
CGAACGTATTCG
AGTTCAGGTACC
TCAAGTCCATGG
(B)
(A)
(0)
(C)
The insulin gene' is not
complementary to the Eco RI
restriction site
Bam HI makes a staggered cut
To allow identification of the
recombinant plasmid
The gene for tetracycline resistance
is needed for the expression of the •
insulin gene. '/
....IFYOUFJN;lS1lBEFORETIMEIS CALLED, CHECKYOURWORK ONTHIS TEsT. V
02207010/SPECt007