1. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Drive Cycle Data-Focused Tools:
Matching the Right Technology
to the Right Application
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
NAFA Smart Alt Fuel and Tech Choice Workshop
April 25, 2013
Kevin Walkowicz

2. Background:
Lots of Work by the DOE and National Labs to Collect, Analyze and Report on
Newly Deployed Advanced Technology
Buy it, then try it: Evaluations of
newly deployed technology are
very useful, but are a backward
looking approach
Try it before you buy it. Simulate it:
Evaluate by looking forward….simulation and
modeling has been done before , but good data
is needed for accurate assessment.

3. Refined Data to Make Informed Decisions
• Drive-Cycle/Duty-Cycle
Data
• Speed
– Acceleration
– Miles
– hours driven
• Grade & payload
• Power take off,
auxiliary loads
• Operating-Condition Data
• Temperature, humidity
• Payload
• Vocational Analysis /
Database
• Route, fleet averages
• Situational Modeling and
Simulation
• Sensitivity studies
• Placement optimization
• Expected performance
Data in… Information out…
• Online Resources
• Clean Cities
• Alternative Fuels Data
Center

4. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future
Drive Cycle will Influence:
1. Fuel economy
2. Component life
3. Life cycle costs/payback
4. Optimal placement of
vehicles for maximum
ROI
Understand the Duty Cycle = Understand the Technology: aero
devices, low rolling resistance tires, engine sizing, transmission
options, light-weighting, battery usage, driver feedback, etc.

5. 1. Collect In-Use Data:
•Acquire Field Data
•Process Data:
•DRIVETM
•FAT (Fleet Analysis Tool)
•Compile & Summarize:
•Fleet DNA
3. Validate in Laboratory:
•Validate field data in a
controlled setting
•Quantify emissions and fuel
consumption
•Explore limits, assess changes
to system
2. Analyze and Simulate:
•Utilize User Specific Field Data
•Vehicle Simulation:
•FASTSim
•Autonomie
•Benefit Analysis:
•best technology for
specific application
An Approach to Assess New Technology
Easily process data: DRIVE
Compile and Compare to Industry: Fleet DNA
Perform Simulations on Daily Operational Data: FASTSim

6. Understanding Vocational Behavior: Fleet DNA
Online vocational database of vehicle-use information
• Phase 1: Pre-Sorted data sets: • Phase 2: Sortable Data Sets:
User can custom sort and graph:
• Class
• Vocation
• Fuel Type (or drivetrain)
• Region (4)
• Sub-region (based on census map)

7. Fleet DNA Benefits
• OEMs
– Better understanding of
customer-use profiles
• Fleets
– Determine maximum ROI
from investment
• Funding agencies
– Optimize impact of
financial incentive offers
• Researchers
– Data source for modeling
and simulation
Fleet DNA features:
• Aggregated and anonymous
data
– Fleets are not identified
• 20-plus high-value metrics
• Data products for each
vocation
• Data for industry drive-cycle
development

8. Example Data Output of Fleet DNA:
Phase I
• Data products that visualize and calculate vehicle use
patterns
• Visualizations that show data variability
• Data analysis enables calculated decision making

9. Fleet DNA Data Sets
9
• Class 4-6 Delivery Vans
Parcel, food, uniform
• Class 3-4 Light Aerials
Telecom service
• Class 5-6 Aerial
Utilities
• Class 3 Service Vans
Telecom
•
• Class 8 Tractor Trailers
Beverage delivery
• Class 6 Box Trucks
In-city delivery
• EV MD Delivery Vans
Multiple uses
• Class 8 OTR Tractor
Trailers
• Transit Buses
• Shuttle Buses
Airport, specialty
• Refuse Trucks
Multiple types
• Tow Trucks
• Class 8 OTR Tractor
Trailers
• Transit Buses
• Shuttle Buses
• Refuse Trucks
• Tow Trucks
• High PTO Use Work Trucks
DOE’s Data Priorities:
• National fuel consumption
• Payback/ROI success
• Scalable or transferable technology

10. Drive-cycle Rapid Investigation, Visualization and Evaluation Tool (DRIVETM)
• Created to help fleets and
OEMs analyze vehicle
usage data for proper
vehicle placement, design
and testing
• Combines large amounts
of user data then filters,
creates new cycles &
identifies best fitting
existing cycle
• Integrated with Fleet DNA
for public use
• Quickly processes and
analyzes data :
• over 150 metrics
• histograms
• scatter plots
• Creates custom cycle
• Recommends
standard cycles
Data Analysis: Drive Cycle Data

11. Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim)
• Vehicle modeling tool to
complimentary to
Autonomie
• FastSim is well suited for
conducting large data
sweeps
– short run time in
accessible Excel
environment
– Validated performance
output: fuel economy and
cost results
Data Analysis: Simulation

12. 1. Acquire data from sampling of vehicles (existing
telemetry or dedicated effort) and upload data to
Fleet DNA website
2. Fleet DNA provides drive cycle analysis back to
data provider to characterize vehicle use and also
compares to similar vehicles in data base
3. FASTSim (used to perform simulation of entire set
of vocational data set) assesses the benefit of
technology for the user specific data set
– Aero improvement
– Rolling Resistance
– Engine sizing
– Transmission options
– Mass reduction
– Driving behavior
– HEV, EV options
– Anti-Idle options
– Natural Gas and Biofuel options
Using the Tools
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4400 High 4400 Low 4900 High 4900 Low T800 High T800 Low
High
Mass
Mid
Mass
Low
Mass
+10.1%
+11.1% +10.8%
+12.8%
+8.0%
+3.8%
Effectof masson fueleconomy
y = 2182.6x-2.324
R² = 0.7533
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
KI(1/mile)
Average Driving Speed (mph)
School Bus Data Average Driving Speed vs. Kinetic Intensity
Lake Washington Adams County Schenectedy Power (Aggregate Data)
Data subsets represent
specific fleet sources
and locations: how
does fleet compare to
overall vocation?
FASTSim can run all
drive cycles to give a
‘range’ of improvement
for each technology
change.

13. Summary: Calculated Decision Making
Capture Baseline Data
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Frequency
Route Distance (miles)
Aggregate Route Distance Histogram
Frequency Cumulative %
Analyze Data &
Simulate Performance
NREL PIX 06118
Identify best
application for
technology
• Provides fleets, OEMs, and researchers with refined data and analysis
of need-specific options
• Creates/maintains accessible database for public use
• Recommends drive cycles
• Identifies most appropriate technologies for observed drive-cycle data

14. Interested in Participating?
Fleet DNA: www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/fleettest/research_fleet_dna.html
DRIVE: http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/drive.html
Other Online Resources
– Clean Cities
cleancities.energy.gov
– Alternative Fuels Data Center
afdc.energy.gov

15. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Thank you!
Kevin Walkowicz
Fleet Testing and Evaluation Team Lead
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Golden, Colorado
kevin.walkowicz@nrel.gov

16. Hardware Requirements / Utilized
NREL hardware:
• CAN+Analog+GPS+remote
communications: gathers basic drive
cycle data + additional if desired
• TSI 747 Pro - GPS only units
Other Options:
• Use Existing Telematics – leverage
large scale, long term tracking efforts
– some fleet management companies
can provide the data necessary, some
can’t
• Find contractor that can provide fleet
analysis + telematics for in depth and
specialized short term data capture

17. Required Data
Typical data required from fleets for inclusion into Fleet
DNA
• may vary by application / situation
• other data can be useful if available and needed:
torque demands, ambient temp, gear, etc….