Linguistic Theories Essay

Linguistic Theories Essay
In the past, the study of grammar has been investigated for centuries, it was also significantly role in language teaching and learning. The reasons for
teaching and learning are different in each period. In some eras, a major aim of teaching and learning was making learners to be able to communicate.
In others, it was essentially taught for the purposes of reading and writing. For these reasons, the studies of two linguistic theories, the traditional
grammar and the structuralism were created. They can be viewed differences by views on language, language learning and teaching as well as
strengths and weaknesses as follows. Traditional grammar is one of the most significant grammar teaching, this kind of grammar was influenced by the
...show more content...
Traditional grammar was dissatisfied by the early modern linguists by reason of its inconsistency. Analyzing feature of language as parts of speech
cannot clarify by their meaning. For example, in a sentence He runs home. Not only home is the name of a place, but it also modifies runs. Confusion
occurs when the two classification of noun and adverb overlap. Hence, structural linguistics were constructed. It analyzes language by dividing a
sentence into the smallest part, called immediate constituents (IC analysis) or slot and filler. This process analyzes the sentence in paradigmatic way. In
order to find the beginning of structuralism, this kind of grammar came from the work of Ferdinand de Saussure. He was the first linguist who
perceived that each language should be analyzed its own structure. The early modern linguists observed that linguistics ought to be an empirical
science. It can be proved not from sentiment or attitude. For instance, it might be judge from score or performance. Due to the notion of structural
linguistics all of languages have different structure and system. They observed that language is unique. Then, contrastive analysis was explored to this
opinion. Anyway, analyzing language ought to be examined spoken language rather than written language. They explained that we should investigate
the actually use of language which was closed and
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Linguistic Rights
Linguistic rights (or language rights or linguistic human rights) are the human and civil rights concerning the individual and collective right to choose
the language or languages for communication in a private or public atmosphere. Other parameters for analyzing linguistic rights includes degree of
territoriality, amount of positivity, orientation in terms of assimilation or maintenance, and overtness.
Linguistic rights include, among others, the right to one's own language in legal, administrative and judicial acts, language education, and media in a
language understood and freely chosen by those concerned.
Linguistic rights in international law are usually dealt in the broader framework of cultural and educational rights.
Important...show more content...
* Article 10 – individuals are entitled to a fair trial, and this is generally recognized to involve the right to an interpreter if an individual does not
understand the language used in criminal court proceedings, or in a criminal accusation. The individual has to right to have the interpreter translate the
proceedings, including court documents. * Article 19 – individuals have the right to freedom of expression, including the right to choose any language
as the medium of expression. * Article 26 – everyone has the right to education, with relevance to the language of medium of instruction.
Linguistic rights can be applied to the private arena and the public domain.
[edit] Sri Lanka
See also: Sinhala Only Act
The start of the conflict regarding languages in Sri Lanka goes as far back as the rule of the British. During the colonial period, English had a special
and powerful position in Sri Lanka. The British ruled in Sri Lanka from the late eighteenth century to 1948. English was the official language of
administration then. Just before

Pragmatics : The Area Of Linguistics Essay
Section one:
Pragmatics refers to the area of linguistics that accounts for how we make meaning of language in different contexts. When learning to speak and write,
humans learn utterances that follow various rules to form language. Additionally, we learn how to utilise these utterances and language forms so that
they can be used suitably in everyday social situations, context dependent. According to Finegan (2008) "Pragmatics is concerned with how meanings
are formed through the social use of language." (p.44) Certain phrases can have numerous meanings, yet only one will be appropriate, depending on the
context. Take the phrase 'bun in the oven,' this can either either be used in a baking 'is the bun in the oven?' or to a pregnant woman referring to her
baby 'little bun in the oven.' When the meaning is not clear by the context, this can create 'noise' where there is misunderstanding over what the sender
means. Pragmatics is closely related to communicative competence because they both rely on human understanding of the context of a situation and
the 'how' of what choice of phrases is appropriate. Communicative competence is a concept that refers to the human capacity to correctly use language
when communicating with someone else. Here, understanding of different community colloquialism and cultures, even within the same language is
required to make sense of what language is deemed appropriate. For example, while somebody could make a joke to a close friend about their

Kiersten Hazard December Linguistics 1 Hendrik Kim 1E Linguistics Final Paper 0 Introduction: Growing up right here in sunny Los Angeles, I
have been surrounded by English my entire life and was raised with it as my first language. My family only converses in English at home, and I
have always communicated in English in all aspects of my world. The one exception being at school in the classroom, as I took Spanish for four
years. I started at the most elementary level, where instruction was almost always given in English. However, as I moved up in levels, Spanish began
to be more primarily used until my most advanced class where we solely spoke and were spoken to in Spanish. Throughout all of my courses, the
most emphasis was always placed on memorizing grammar rules and vocabulary and forming correct sentences, with little importance on accent.
Almost all graded work was on writing, reading, and listening so pronunciation, while covered, always had little emphasis. 1 Acquisition. I grew up
learning English, so it comes very naturally and I can speak and write without even thinking, the words just flow. I find myself often instinctively
uttering phrases without conscious intention to do so; for example, I may exclaim "stop!" to a child running towards a busy street without actually
processing the action, it just comes. As my native language, English is an unconscious and natural notion. However, with Spanish, I have to
meticulously plan out my words in my head before

Neuro Linguistic Programming Essay
NLP (Neuro–Linguistic Programming)
NLP is defined as a practical model of the processes we experience to experience reality.
NEURO refers to how our mind perceive the information through our five senses ( Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Olfactory, Gustatory) LINGUISTIC
refers to how we understand and interpret information through verbal and nonverbal communication PROGRAMMING refers to how we re–present
the perceived message in our mind and how it manifests into behaviour. This model can then be analyzed to eliminate any problems faced by the
individual. We can also model the positive or successful aspects of our behavior or those of another person, and reproduce that model and apply on
our negative aspects in order to change or improve...show more content...
METHODS: some Neuro–linguistic Programming methods have been designed by heavy influence from techniques used in other fields as well.
One of the methods included in Neuro–linguistic training is anchoring. This method relies on the fact that individuals usually form an anchor or make
an association between an emotional state of mind or a feeling and a sight, sound, smell or touch. Using anchoring technique, a therapist trained in
Neuro–linguistic courses can deliberately create an anchor for a patient, and then trigger the particular unique stimulus to help the patient access
desired emotions or a target state of mind. Anchoring technique is said to have been derived from the family therapy ofVirginia Satir and incorporated
in Neuro–linguistic programming.
Another method of Neuro–linguistic Programming uses the swish method where a train of thought of an individual is modified such than undesirable
behavior can be converted to a desirable one. A visual cue is usually used to get rid of unwanted habits such as smoking, drinking, addiction, over
eating etc.. Audible sounds are sometimes added to the visual image to enhance the effect of the method. For example, an individual thinks of a
negative aspect that he wants to improve, and then picturize himself to have a positive quality. Every time he comes across the negative image, he will
swish it into the positive one, eliminating his fears, addiction or worries.
WHO USES NLP? :

My Interest As A Linguistics
My interest in linguistics began during my first year of undergraduate studies. I took an introductory American Sign Language (ASL) linguistics
course, and after being exposed to basic linguistic principles, realized that this was something I possibly wanted to pursue at a higher level. As I
progressed in my program, I took more undergraduate classes related to linguistics. The introductory semantics course and the courses that pertained to
ASL linguistics particularly fascinated me. I was also able to take a Language and Culture course, which exposed me to sociolinguistics as well. These
classes helped confirm that pursuing linguistics would be a good match for me.
However, these classes were not the only factors that made me want to pursue studying linguistics in more depth. At this point, two of my instructors
recommended that I pursue linguistics at the graduate level, since I showed both an interest and an aptitude for the subject. Also, I went to multiple
workshops that focused on language and linguistics in particular. Seeing people who were so passionate and driven by what they presented and taught
motivated me to seriously consider the impact that linguistic study could have, both on language itself and on the people who use language. Now, my
passion for linguistics increased steadily, and I began noticing how vital language is to daily life.
While many people only consider language in its spoken and written forms, visual–spatial languages merit further

Linguistic: My Learning Style Analysis
Education Planner The verbal (Linguistic) is my learning style this involves both written and spoken words. With this style of leaving it is easy to
express yourself, both in writing and verbally. With the verbal learning style, you love to read and write. You like the sound of words such as tongue
twisters, rhymes, cinques etc. Verbal learners know the meaning of many words, and love finding the memory of meaning of new words (learning
styles–online.com, 2016). The verbal learner incorporates more speaking and writing techniques. When using assertions and scripting use word–based
techniques. Like rhyme and rhythm in your assertions, make sure you read great ones aloud. Memory devices are Mnemonics these help learners
remembers bigger pieces of information, this helps to make up phrases using the items you may want to memorize When reading aloud it makes it
lively and enthusiastic, this will help you remember. By working with others and using role play to learn verbal exchange such as transaction's, sales,
or phone calls (learning styles–online.com (2016). Being an Auditory learner, you learn by listening and hearing. These learners understand and
remember things they have heard. The information is stored by the way it sounds, spoken instructions are understood better than written ones.
Sometimes reading out loud helps you learn because you have to hear it...show more content...
Focused mode is when you take a test or really concentrating on memorizing something. A person uses most of their working memory for mode of
thinking. Diffuse mode is like thinking behind the scene. For example, if you cannot solve a math problem and you step away from it for a while your
brain does not stop trying to resolve the problem–it keeps on trying to figure it out without you realizing it. These two modes are no better than the
other, they are used in different ways. You have to know how to use both effectively to be a better learner (Ouora,

Structuralism in Linguistics
STRUCTURALISM IN LINGUISTICS
Introduction
It is not my purpose here to give a historical treatment of linguistic ideas, nor it to distinguish and analyze the various approaches and schools of
thought generally subsumed under the heading of Structuralism. Rather, I propose to look at the general features characterizing structuralism as seen
and treated by structuralists and further to see how it has come to be viewed by Chomsky and other transformationalists. Structuralism in linguistics has
come to be used to mean various things, from the capacity for abstraction in organizing a model for 'the cataloguing of languages structures and ... the
comparing of structural types' (Harris, 1951:3) to what the transformationalists have come to...show more content...
The linguistic signs have two important characteristics: they have an "arbitrary" nature and a "linear" nature. In another statement observed in
structural linguistics, elements are seen as composing a network and are identified and know synchronically by their place in the 'syntagmatic'
relation and in the 'associative' (paradigmatic) relation. To be more specific, and to quote de Saussure, 'whereas a syntagm immediately suggests an
order of succession and a fixed number of elements, terms in an associative family occur neither in fixed numbers nor in a definite order' (De
Saussure, 1959: 126). (It should be noted here that the term "paradigmatic" was suggested by Hjelmslev (1936), and has become a current term for de
Saussure's term "associatif").
Bloomfield and Post–Bloomfieldians
At this stage, and with respect to the issue of defining linguistic elements and categories and the relations that hold between them, it is expedient to talk
about American structuralism. Here, the name of Leonard Bloomfield must be mentioned although it is commonly held that American structuralism is
more post–Bloomfieldian than Bloomfield per–se. the post Bloomfieldians (cf. Bloch, Harris, Hockett, and others) developed a system of mechanical
procedures for the analysis of linguistic structures, and methodological statements (frameworks) with distribution as the criterion of relevance:

Essay on Linguistic Dialect Differences
Distinctively diverse dialects are not necessarily a negative attribute of a community, but such distinguishing language does set a particular region or
group of people apart from others. Differences in dialects include pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and the most easily recognizable from area to
area: common expressions. Through a simple interview research project I hope to examine first hand how individuals' speech patterns differentiate
based on origin/regional differences as well as age/generational differences. This interview process will examine each individual's response to
common words and/or expressions, such as the new limited access road or a carbonated drink. The pressing issue and interest in analyzing what seems
like a...show more content...
In terms of linguistic diversity, the field of sociolinguistics examines language in its social context based on the idea that in no language does
everyone talk just like everyone else (University of Georgia). Linguistic diversity encompasses the act of varying speech in different contexts
through the use of style shifts and diglossia. Style shifts simply means varying ones speech during different social contexts (University of Georgia).
Diglossia applies to the variation of the same language in forms of high and low or formal and informal based on situations like official writing
versus ordinary conversations with friends (University of Georgia). Similarly, geographical and regional differences influence linguistic performance
and how we rank certain speech patterns that are used by groups that we also rank. Stigmatized forms of speech have become an indicator used by
low social rank groups of people. Specifically with the sound replacement of the th sound with the d sound; dem, dese, dere (University of Georgia).
Stereotypes about how regional distinctions affect speech patterns are also another widespread idea of linguistic diversity. Regions, like the South and
northern cities, tend to be judged and devalued based on their distinctive accents by residents from other regions. The

Examples Of Linguistic Intelligence
Linguistic Intelligence
What Is Linguistic Intelligence?
Maya Angelou, William Shakespeare, and Oprah Winfrey are famous people who have high linguistic intelligence. In other words, they have a deep
understanding and appreciation of the rules and functions of language. People with linguistic intelligence are skilled writers and speakers. They can
understand the languages and words of others more easily, and can learn foreign languages much faster than the average person. They are able to use
vocabulary to express themselves clearly and precisely. They can convey meaning and emotions in their words. They are good at imagery and inciting
emotional reactions in others by using their words. They are also good at descriptive language and make excellent storytellers.
"Linguistic Intelligence is a part of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory that deals with an individual's ability to understand both spoken and
written language, as well as their ability to speak and write themselves. In a practical sense, linguistic intelligence is the extent to which an individual
can use language, both written and verbal, to achieve goals.[1] In addition to this, high linguistic intelligence has been linked to improved problem
solving, as well as to increased abstract reasoning."...show more content...
This is a multistage mechanism that involves many different areas of the brain. The first stage is planning, where the brain constructs words and
sentences that turn the thought into an understandable form. This occurs primarily in the inferior frontal cortex, specifically in an area known as
Broca's area. Next, the brain must plan how to physically create the sounds necessary for speech by linking the planned speech with known sounds, or
phonemes. While the location of these associations is not known, it is known that the supplementary motor area plays a key role in this

Linguistic Stereotypes Essay
Linguistic Stereotypes
Language is a method in which individuals communicate in order to get their opinion across to the listening party. Language is the tool which ideas
can be conveyed in various ways. Typically, language is referred to verbal communication, however, it ranges to all methods of communication i.e. sign
language.
Linguistic stereotypes are an existent form of discrimination. Since, languages are criticized and mocked due to the connection between language and
cultural character. Thus, language is significantly related to the identity of thespeakers. In addition, languages are vulnerable to criticism due to
differences in cultural behavior.
Firstly, according to 'dictionary.com' identity is defined as the...show more content...
Verbal languages vary in pronunciations. Since, Languages are described as being smooth and light, while on the other hand, languages known to being
rough and abrupt. The manner in which speakers pronounce and communicate using words, phrases and hand gesture also has a way in building the
personality of the language. Furthermore, whilst a speaker pronounces words and letters that are in the non–speaker opinion rigid and tough, an image
of a solid language is created in the observing non–speaker mind. Personally, listening to Hindi dialects, I myself seem to find it challenging to
pronounce specific words, and an image of complexity forms in my mind. During dialect comparison, we realize that pronunciation is vulnerable to
criticism and satire. Comedians during criticizing a specific group usually imitate the dialect to refer to their identity. Thus when they criticize the
language they mean it to the group and their specialized behavior.
Linguistic discrimination is an important issue; many have been discriminated and excluded from the public sphere due to their disability to practice
the standardized language. In the Arab world, when second language speakers try to talk Arabic, they seem to have difficulties with the pronunciations.
Consequently, this leads to limitations during the blending in procedures. The explanation

Linguistic Relativity Essay
Introduction:
Linguistic relativity is the notion that language can affect our thought processes, and is often referred to as the 'Sapir–Whorf hypothesis', after the two
linguists who brought the idea into the spotlight. Whorf writes how "Language is not merely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is
itself the shaper of ideas, the program and guide for the individual's mental activity" (1956:212), and I will explain how it is able to do so. In this
essay I will argue that certain ways of mental categorization, spatial cognition and reality interpretation, based on the characteristics of our specific
variety of language, influence our perception of the world. I will discuss how languages divide up nature differently, and...show more content...
Dirven and Verspoor note how the English differentiation is "entirely forced on these children by the contrast between the English prepositions in and
on" (1998:140), whereas in Korean, "Kkita (glossable loosely as "fit"...) is indifferent to whether the Figure goes into, onto, over, or together with the
Ground, as long as it leads to a tight fit" (Choi and Bowerman 1991:90).
The fact that the tested children grouped the actions in accordance with the grammatical structure of their respective language is evidence for linguistic
relativity, as "both groups of children construe(d) the relations between objects in the world on the basis of their language specific categories, and not
on the basis of some universal, conceptual categories" (Dirven and Verspoor 1998:140–141). This suggests that the children from the two linguistic
communities will partly see the world in a different way, being inclined to categorise the things they see in contrasting fashions.
Certain features are deemed important enough to warrant a category, and different languages prioritise different qualities. What this means is that when
we say something belongs to a certain set, e.g. that putting toys into a container falls into an 'in' group, we are focussing on some, but neglecting other
details of the situation, such as the 'tightness' of the fit. The framework of our language

Examples Of Linguistic Prejudice
"Someone has said that it requires less mental effort to condemn than to think."
вЂ• Emma Goldman
–"You have a funny accent!"
– "Where did you learn to talk?"
–"Did you hear how she pronounces that word?"
Above we have three sentences that exemplify linguistic prejudice. According to the Oxford dictionary, prejudice is a "preconceived opinion that is
not based on reason or actual experience". Prejudice is not based on our own reason. Kant defines prejudice as a tendency to passivity and,
consequently, to the "heteronomy of reason". This means that a prejudicial idea/belief is not authentic, but given to us by a person or a group and we
accept it without considering the facts or they are simply unknown. We do not exercise critical thinking...show more content...
It camouflages other prejudices. Considering that the way a person speaks a language is 100% linked to who s/he is (her/his culture, social class,
environment, etc.), when we exclude a person because of the way s/he speaks, we exclude a person because of who s/he is. The problem is not on
"what is said", but "who said it". When we say that a particular dialect is "wrong" or "ugly", we are ignoring the fact that there is no wrong way,
according to Linguistics. We were led to believe that there is a best way to speak. When we reinforce this idea we push millions of people that have
no access to education to the periphery of the world, we take away their voices. When we say "s/he talks this way because s/he is probably
ignorant, poor, probably came from a poor culture" we are again practicing linguistic prejudice. Everybody has (or should have) freedom of speech.
When you see a person being linguistically prejudicial, tell this person the truth. To respect the linguistic variety of all and every person is to respect
their physical and spiritual integrity as human. This is an issue that has to be exposed we should all talk about it.

A Research Study On Linguistics
Overview1
Literature Review2
Methodology14
Results16
Conclusion18
Reference19
Overview
Linguistics can be characterized as the behavioral examples of individuals with a consideration of society, correspondence, traditions, conventions,
convictions, morals and so on. In less complex terms, it is the fitness controlled by the local speakers of the vernacular, here alludes to English.
Presently, going to the theme of this paper i.e. Etymological Competence, a knowledge is offered through this into the Universal Grammar. According
to Chomsky, Linguistic capability is the dialect framework that empowers various individuals to decipher and translate syntactic and ungrammatical
sentences in their dialect. It additionally says that...show more content...
Be that as it may, in the event that we have a tendency to utilize I would talk ideally Chinese, it would not be under a general use by the Universal
English speakers. Such an illustration gives a mind boggling delineation of the individualistic methodology of semantic capability (Philips and Tan, n.d.)
Chomsky really accepted on the thought that every individual can get semantic segments. This has by a long shot helped them to investigate data that
is thought to be a shared conviction of correspondence in this universe.
Aside from him, various lexicalists have put their inputs in Linguistic Competence. One of them, Ray Jackendoff inferred the grammatical structure
from the conventional arrangement of generative syntax. According to him, generative syntax is an amalgamation of five controls noted as the
vocabulary, base, transformational part, phonology and semantics. To produce his perspectives on the same, he treats phonology, language structure,
and semantics as proportional parts in characterizing phonetic ability.
Literature Review
In the current era, every element of the society and the economy has been globalizing. This globalization initiates an expansion in interdependence,

integration, and connectivity of ecological, political, cultural, technological, social and economic spheres across the activities at local level. The
international interactions force an extreme sensitivity towards the audiences with positions of interpretation, and

Essay about Sociolinguistics
As Peter Trudgill outlines the use of registers in Sociolinguistics, he reveals, when two people speak with one another, there is always more going on
than just conveying a message. The language used by the participants is always influenced by a number of social factors that define the relationship
between the speakers. Aregister is a mark of a specific kind of conversation or style, relating directly to that social situation. Registers imply formality
and are tailored to suit the relationship and role of the speakers. There are higher and lower registers that employ different idioms, and greater or
lesser amounts of slang. Therefore, an email or a text message to a friend would look very different from a thank you letter to a...show more content...
When we addressed customers, we would never explain we would be returning soon with the requested item once we got it from the eight door, or
correcting them if they asked for no butter, we would simply reply in a manner that would keep the customer happy and at ease, and use the
appropriate formality and register "of course I will be right back with that." In addition, since this was a family restaurant without table clothes that
had a casual versus formal atmosphere we were polite yet casual with our guests. Across the street there was yet another restaurant you could take
your family, that restaurant was very formal. In return, you were greeted more formally by the tuxedo clad matrde when you arrived, typically with
a 'good evening sir or ma'am or miss, do you have a reservation?' guests were commonly addressed as ma'am' and sir compared to the standard
greeting of the family restaurant I worked in that was something closer to 'welcome folks, come on in, do you need a high–chair for the little one?' The
role relationship of customer and server was on a polite yet near equal ground at our family restaurant, alternately, across the street, there was an
implied formality that created a servant master relationship between guest and server that dictated a formality to all conversations, servers spoke in a
high variety and were trained

Essay on Linguistics in Anthropology
Linguistics in Anthropology
When we begin to dive into the study of humans, also known as Anthropology, there are so many subdivisions we can learn about. One very interesting
clump within the study of Anthropology can be classified as Linguistic Anthropology. In this instance, anthropologists studylanguage and how the
development and its use can be studied to understand culture. According to the department of Anthropology at California State University Long beach,
Anthropologists are interested in learning "how many languages there are, how those languages are distributed across the world, and their
contemporary and historical relationships. We are also interested in language variation, why variations exist, how the variations are used...show more
content...
This can help to discover why some humans speak a certain way or how social groups differ from one another. In addition this gives an insight to how
humans in the past might have interacted with each other when they were in different social groups.
We use developmental linguistics to uncover the process of speech development. We are able to understand why people develop a certain ways in
regards to speech, what influences their speech habits, and how speech plays a role in development as well. One case study, about a little girl Genie,
who was neglected and abused by her family, shows how language is critical in child development. "The only words addressed to her were angry ones.
She could say 'stopit', 'nomore,' 'no,' and a few other negative words. At age 13, she understood only 20 words" (Ellensburg). With limited speech
interaction and abuse from her parents, she had many mental and physical disabilities. Developmental linguistics magnifies how important language is
and the effects it can have on those who have no understanding of language.
When learning about how our brain interacts with language, we learn about neurolinguistics. Researchers try to find out how the brain can understand
the complexity that is the human language. It goes much deeper than us being able to memorize words. We have to understand imaging, theoretical
ideas and situations, time, sarcasm, mannerism, and much more. This is something that cannot be figured out by a

Linguistics In Linguistics
Use of Linguistics in ELT
Linguistics is a scientific study of language, because it shares with other sciences a concern to be objective, systematic, consistent and explicit in its
account of language. Like other sciences it aims to collect data, test hypotheses, subject matter, however, is unique. At one extreme it overlaps with
such hand sciences as physics and anatomy, at the other, it involves such traditional arts subjects as philosophy and literary criticism.
The field of linguistics includes both science and the humanities, and offers a breadth of coverage that for many aspiring students of the subject is the
primary source its appeal. Linguistics is the science of a language system. It is a modern science which deals with the mechanism of languages. A
language teacher has to teach his students how to use language. If he gets an insight into the mechanism of the language that he is teaching, he can do
his duty with confidence and efficiency. He will do his duty better than one who does not know its mechanism.
Applied linguistics is a branch of linguistics where the primary concern is the application of linguistic theories, methods and findings to the elucidation
of language problems,...show more content...
Language was studied on a systematic basis in ancient India and other countries also. These studies established the foundation for subsequent
developments. Some of the ideas and methods of these traditional schools are discussed briefly, as this will help us understand the growth of modern
linguistics. There were many significant developments in the nineteenth century which prepared the way for the growth of modern linguistics in the
twentieth century. As a result of exposure to other linguistic traditions during the colonial era, there was a great deal of interest in historical and
comparative study of

Applied Linguistics Essay
Human beings and non–human beings communicate with each other with a code like system known as language. Language has 4 macro–functions to
perform, i.e. ideational, interpersonal, textual and poetic. The systematic study of these functions and the understanding of the way the language is
acquired and used in spoken and written text is known as Linguistics. Linguistics focuses mainly on the sound, syntactic and meaning level of a
language under the names of Phonetics, Syntax and semantics/ Pragmatics as the core of Linguistics. Further, it is related to every field of life.
Linguist started working on these fields of Linguistics and tried to implement them in the life. This became to be known as Applied Linguistics but in
the beginning, it was more like Linguistics Applied, i.e. application of Linguistics. Applied Linguistics is a broad and...show more content...
A speech therapist, a teacher, an expert witness in criminal case, an advertising copywriter, historian, literary scholar, dictionary writer, a group of civil
servants, computer programmer, a zoologist, a medical sociologist and many more faces professional problems and need the help of Applied
Linguistics for their solutions. According to Mouton de Gruyter, the scope of Applied Linguistics include: "Language Acquisition (L1 and L2), Psycho
/Neuro – linguistics, Language Teaching, Sociolinguistics, Humor Studies, Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis / Rhetorics, Text / Processing / Translation,
Computational Linguistics – Machine Translation, Corpus Linguistics, Language Control / Dialectology" (Alan Davies, 2007). The scope of AL has
widened up to a large extend and encompasses almost every field of life related to language, whether its language planning or language policies;
language and gender or language and the media, etc. In short, Applied Linguistics has to do any and every thing with the

Importance And Importance Of Linguistics
What is linguistics ? Linguistics known as the study of language and its structure .also it is include the study of syntax, grammar, and phonetics.
linguistics division to sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, structural linguistics and comparative linguistics,.
Linguistics have many elements such as п‚· phonetics: it is the study of the speech sound п‚· syntax: it is the study of grammatical sentences in a
language. п‚· morphology : it is the study of the words formation п‚· semantics: it is the study of meaning words meaning п‚· Pragmatics: it is the
study of language use. In this research I will talk about phonetics , morphology and syntax but first, phoneticsis a system of symbols that present all the
sounds in...show more content...
Auditory phonetics: the study of the reception and perception of speech sounds(Brogan 1570–1980. Baltimore, 1981.) by the listener or (the study of
hearing and the perception of speech sounds) Phonetics deals with production ,transmission and received of all human speech sounds in general
with no particular reference to any one language. why is the phonetics is important because it give a true description of English sounds and how
they are made also it is point the mistakes in learners pronunciation and help them learn the correct pronunciation. On the other hand; there are many
sounds of English from those of the mother tongue. The English language sounds divided into two main streams, first, consonants it is a sound that
is articulate with complete closure of the air steam by constructional of speech organs . there are 24 consonants in English language. There are six
plosive consonants in English language these are the sounds formed by means of a complete closure of the air passage, which is afterwards released
suddenly these are given as followed p in pen b in bet, t in tea, d in dress, k in kind, g in

Linguistic Theories Essay

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