Ethnographic Analogies

Ethnographic Analogies
Ethnography is the study of particular cultural group or community and usually relies on participant observation. Ethnographic analogies can be carried
out by archaeologist, it involves comparison of a past community and their material culture and a current similar community and helps to broaden
understanding of the past. As archaeologists, for the most part, have very few written sources, and while studying prehistoric people they have no
written resources about these societies and therefore must make inferences and analogies from what artefacts these cultures have left behind. These
analogies come in two forms, formal and relational, which will be explained later in this essay, due to different forms of analogies and interpretations
from...show more content...
Later, Binford would go on to suggest that if distinctive features could be shown in modern societies that correlated with the material culture of a past
society then you can infer from this that the past society would or could have behaved in a similar way (Binford, 1962: 217–25). However, Middle–
range theory has itself been critiqued by other scholars, notably Christopher Pierce a researcher administrator specialising in archaeological science
who states that the inferences created in middle–range theory, which can therefore be expanded to ethnographic analogies are based on reconstructions
of past dynamics which are no longer observable (Pierce 1989: 3). Therefore, their validity rests solely upon the methods used to generate them, he
goes on to say no empirical tests can be done as there is no empirical data this is therefore a major critique on middle– range theory as it highlights how
according to Pierce Binfords statements 'are not universal laws, but empirical generalizations' (Pierce, 1989: 6) whose validity can be
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Examples Of Analogy In Teaching
1.0 Introduction
Definition: An analogy is a comparison between one thing and another, usually for the purpose of explanation or interpretation. It is similar to
metaphor and simile; they are usually used in conversation to relate one situation to other.
According to (Heick, 2014) other than conversational analogy there are analogies, which are formal analogies, used in teaching. They usually are called
academic analogies. These analogies are the research–based tool for teaching in science class rooms. It can also be used in text books and web based
learning environment. Analogy can be used to explain concepts effectively to the students, which makes sense of the concepts to the students. This also
helps them to understand easily than normal explanation. Especially, the students from primary and lower primary are getting to know of the science
concept for the first time. Analogies make the subject interesting to the students from the age group of 5 to 12. In Maldives, National Institute of
Education has implemented key stage 1 and 2 for the classes from grade 1 to 5 fully, with the help of analogy teachers can easily make the students to
make their...show more content...
The aware idea is called the analog and the unaware one the target. The analog and the target have attributes; if the analog and the target have similar
features then an analogy may be made between them. An orderly comparison, orally or visually, between the features of the analog and target is called
a mapping. A theoretical illustration of an analogy, with its essential parts, appears in Figure 1. Figure– 1
An example of an analogy shown between a water circuit and an electric circuit appears below in Figures – 2 and Figures –

The Analogy From The Strict Analogy
The analogy portrayed in equation (1) above shows clashes with the observations implying that there is not set of parameters that the equation will
hold exactly for an arbitrary set of variables. This becomes the rationale to depart from the strict analogy because the traditional gravity equation has
flexibility for the coefficient of 1 to apply to the mass variables and 2 to apply to the bilateral distance so that the data generated will fit a statistically
deduced relationship among the flow, the mass variables, and the spatial distance. This implies that the gravity model takes a stochastic form shown in
the equation 2 below: Xij = a0Ea1i Ea2j Г a3ij Eij...show more content...
Sohn (2001) observed that two competing models; Differentiated Product Model and Heckscher–Ohlin (OH) model provided the analytical options for
theoretical justification of the use of gravity model in analyzing international trade flow patterns. In Anderson (1979) and Krugman & Helpman (1985),
there were attempts to identify clearly, the relationship that exists between the market size of both countries and the bilateral trade flow using
differentiated product model. Under the imperfect substitute model, Krugman and Helpman argued that each firm produces a product that is an
imperfect substitute for other goods leading to monopoly power leading to consumers' preference for a wide range of products. The idea is that when
the size of domestic economy expands, consumers increase their utility in terms greater variety of available goods and not the quantity.
International trade regardless of the form – multilateral or regional can produce a similar result of providing greater consumers in both countries the
opportunity for greater variety. Hummel and Levinsohn (1995) applied a similar procedure to empirical test a set of data from some non–OECD
nations where chances of monopolistic competition are remote. They were shocked by the result which

Argument From Analogy Essay
The argument from analogy is an inductive argument that focuses on the problem of other minds and aims to show that we are justified in inferring
the existence of other minds. British philosopher, Bertrand Russell, describes the argument from analogy as follows: "The behaviour of other people
is in many ways analogous to our own, and we suppose that it must have analogous causes. What people say is what we should say if we had certain
thoughts, and so we infer that they probably have these thoughts. They give us information which we can sometimes subsequently verify" (Russell,
"Analogy", p89). Norman Malcolm argues that the argument from analogy does poorly in its attempts to show that we are justified in inferring the
existence of other minds. In assessing whether the argument from analogy succeeds in its aims, I will raise and respond to Malcolm's objection against
the argument from analogy; Austrian–born British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Beetle in a Box' thought experiment; as well as Welsh philosopher
H. H. Price's argument and English philosopher Stuart Hampshire's argument in defence of the argument from analogy....show more content...
From subjective observation, Russell claims to know that A, which is a thought or feeling, causes B, which is a bodily act (Russell, "Analogy",
p110). Russell argues that believing in the existence of other minds requires some postulate, and describes this postulate to be "If, whenever we can
observe whether A and B are present or absent, we find that every case of B has an A as a causal antecedent, then it is probable that most B's have
A's as causal antecedents, even in cases where observation does not enable us to know whether A is present or not" (Russell, "Analogy",

The Best Analogy For Public Relations Agency
Pr
A recent study from 2014 by Nielsen commissioned by inPowered on the role of content in the consumer decision–making process concluded that PR
is almost 90% more effective than advertising: "On average, expert content lifted familiarity 88 percent more than branded content..." but I think that's
low. Withadvertising, you tell people how great you are. With publicity, others sing your praises. Which do you think is more effective?
The best analogy for public relations, Levine says, is gift wrapping, "If I went to visit a woman today and gave her a gift in a Tiffany box, it would have
higher perceived value than if I just gave it to her plain. Because she and you and I live in a culture where we gift wrap everything, our politicians, TV
stars and even our toilet paper.
Almost every article you read or see in the media is "gift–wrapped" or originates from a public relations agency. Think about it: A new smart phone.
An attack from a Congressman criticizing the President. The latest report on glaciers melting in Antarctica. None of these stories appear out of
nowhere and end up in front you of and millions of other consumers. All of these stories were written, tested, practiced and formulated by publicists,
staffers, speech writers or corporate experts before being sent to reporters who processed the information, rejected some assertions, accepted others,
then decided to produce a news product.
Most reporters work at their desks. With newspaper and magazine

Analogy Essay
What do Kingda Ka and the discoverer of radioactivity, Marie Curie, have in common? Actually, there is a lot more than you would think. You
might say to yourself that they are completely different, which is correct, yet incorrect. One thing is a rollercoaster and the other is a famous
scientist, but when you look past just their physical descriptions, you will see how much they actually are alike. They both follow similar paths and
they both faced many hardships, but also many great things. Firstly, they both start off slowly. Marie was just an average girl who was born in
Poland in 1867. Kingda Ka was just a rollercoaster when construction began. They weren't anything special. Marie grew up like all other girls in
Poland did at that...show more content...
Much like Kingda Ka, Marie was struck down by the fact that after a while, Marie had learned all she could. If she wanted further education, she
would have to wait a while to save up enough money to keep going. As they had before, they didn't let this obstacle stop them. Kingda Ka was
eventually repaired and it continued working as it had before, even though it had many more light breakdowns than it had before. Marie and her
sister had worked out a plan as well. First, they would save up enough money between them to send Marie's sister to college in France first. Then,
they would send Marie when they had enough money. Of course, there was a small issue. Since the college was in France, all of the lectures were
in French, so Marie would have to learn French in order to understand what was being taught. But this was only a small issue because Marie did
know some French, so it was easy for her to learn the rest of the language. But after these early issues, things seemed to be going well. There was
nothing major that stopped them. Kingda Ka ran smoothly for quite some time and Marie's interest in science really grew. This part in their lives
seemed like the initial hill on Kingda Ka. It was a huge obstacle and it seemed difficult to make it all the way up, but they found a way to make it
work. Of course, though, it didn't stay this way. Marie was a very intelligent person. She had made many huge impacts on science, such as

Analogy Means In Relation To The Community
Discuss what this analogy means in relation to the community and world changing possibilities.
God is referring to salt and light as world changing. Salt makes what is good even better! Salt improves the quality of what is good. "We are the salt
of the earth", we as Christians are the ones walking the earth to better it.
How does Jesus' "forced analogy" of salt and light expand your understanding of how an individual or organization can significantly impact the world?
Salt and light expanded my understanding of how individuals can make a difference. It only takes one person to be inspired and keep the light coming
through to make the world a better place.

Analogy Of Reliability And Validity
Hi Susan, I like your analogy of validity and reliability. It is very critical that the reliability and validity of the data collection tools that are used in
qualitative research are validated because of the outcome of the research results. If the data tools are not valid, it could have a negative impact to the
outcome of patients such as a treatment or drug that is being researched. The probability of harming a patient is high if a new treatment is incorrect.

Analogy And Participation : Analogy
Analogy and Participation
Analogy, as viewed by Aristotle is a theory of general logic, the theory of predication, which has only to be applied to the notable case of being. St.
Thomas, on the other hand, generally introduces it as a mode of logical predication, the mode that is neither univocal nor equivocal but in between
(analogical). Focusing on St. Thomas' philosophy, this section will determine how analogy can bring us to know God analogously. St. Thomas'
emphasis is on the analogy of being, a principle that makes for a better understanding of analogy, when speaking of existence or metaphysics and
knowing true epistemology. This, in turn, leads us to God who is all truth and has always existed. Since God is existence itself and us as human beings
are participants in His Divine plan, there is a vast separation of what the human intellect truly understands about the Creator. St. Thomas rightly claims
that it is through our senses that we can get to know things but since God is beyond our senses, the finite mind cannot adequately describe the infinite
being that is. God, as St. Thomas has said, is pure existence in act since it can only be grasped through examples and illustrations. Potency belonging to
those primary analogous notions that cannot be defined and act that cannot be grasped, reveals one another with the understanding that act is included
in every notion of potency but does not necessarily imply potency. Act, according to Aristotle, is prior

Hardin's lifeboat analogy proposes an interesting situation. If a lifeboat with 50 people on board and a capacity of 60 floated past 100 other
people in the water, who would we take, if anyone? If we tried to take everyone, the boat would capsize and everyone would either become stranded
or die. It would lead to "complete justice, complete catastrophe" (Hardin 1). If we took no one, we would constantly have to stave off desperate
people climbing on board and those who claim entitlement. If we decide to push our lifeboat to its limits, and add 10 more people, how would we
choose who to take? What I gather from this is that there's no truly correct solution. If we take everyone, we all die. If we take no one, we get
shamed and blamed for leaving others behind. If we take a select few, we get called out as biased by those who weren't selected.Population is one
of the key points that Hardin stresses. Still thinking in terms of the lifeboat example, "The people in the lifeboat are doubling in numbers once every
87 years; those swimming around outside are doubling, on the average, every 35 years..." In the real world, developing countries' populations are
multiplying at an exponential rate, and the world's resources can only dwindle.Hardin states that in 1970 the US had a population of 210 million
people, who were increasing at a rate of .08 percent a year. In terms of the lifeboat example, Hardin says that we should imagine that same number of
people outside the boat, only

Dramaturgical Analogy
In today's technologically–driven world, you would be hard–pressed to find an individual who was not apart of social media. Facebook bolsters 1.4
billion users, roughly one–fifth of the entire world's population. Instagram has 500 million daily active users. And according to data collected from a
security app, which monitors how many times users activate or unlock their smartphones, average users check their phones 110 times a day. This
equates to once every six or seven seconds. It's easy to say that social media has become an integral part of our everyday lives. And although it has
brought about many benefits, allowing us to easily connect with friends and family across the globe, has let us mobilize for a cause, and really
communicate in...show more content...
It has become construed as a necessity of everyday life. The dark side of social media is often largely overlooked. Through his dramaturgical analogy,
Goffman would have analyzed social media users' online behavior as cultivating their best 'self'. Through extreme usage of photoshop and filters, as
well as solely sharing positive and appealing content, Goffman would have deemed this as emphasizing and de–emphasizing sign vehicles to the fullest
extent. Only showing this "front–stage" performance leads to showing other users an altered version of themselves. This in turn leads to feelings of
depression, anxiety, and lowering of self–esteem because it is mostly a false sense of self. Foucault would have viewed social media as the most
effective modern day panoptic model. These outlets hold the power and capability of controlling individuals and instilling fear and discipline. Social
media even surpasses the expectations of Foucault's Panopticon due to its high volume traffic reaching billions of users every day. Social media
drives an even more conscious fear when users do become aware they are being watched, altering their actions. With so many negative aspects linked
to usage of social media, many questions are circulated. Do the negative outcomes outweigh the positive? Should people rebel against social media or

Examples Of False Analogy
The logical fallacy identified in question five is False Analogy. False Analogy is a false comparison between two objects or two different points of
view. In the cartoon two men are sitting next to each other in their cars. One of them is a member of the National Regulatory Authority that says
"Guns don't kill people do" and the other one is a drug dealer that says, "Drugs don't kill people do". This cartoon actually comes across comical
because both of them are obviously going to have two different points of view. These two analogies are not something you can really compare because
we have constitutional rights to bear arms, but drugs do not have constitutional rights. It is like comparing oranges to apples. They are two completely
unrelated topics. However they can both be dangerous, but drugs and guns do not serve the same purpose. They are two completely different subjects.
...show more content...
Equivocation works by intentionally using a word that has more than one interpretation. It misleads the reader or listener by comparing two things that
are not necessarily equal. In the cartoon, two students were caught cheating and tried to explain their actions to the professor by saying "We weren't
cheating. We were consulting." As it shows in the cartoon the professor is clearly unimpressed by the students witty response. If I were the teacher my
response would be consulting during a test is not allowed. Even though the students tried to twist the truth the professor knew they were lying. The
students did not want to get in trouble so therefore they resulted in twisting the truth and hoping that the professor would believe

Conversational Analogy
1.0 Introduction
Definition: An analogy is a comparison between one thing and another, usually for the purpose of explanation or interpretation. It is similar to
metaphor and simile; they are usually used in conversation to relate one situation to other.
According to (Heick, 2014) other than conversational analogy there are analogies, which are formal analogies, used in teaching. They usually are called
academic analogies. These analogies are the research–based tool for teaching in science classrooms. It can also be used in text books and web based
learning environment. Analogy can be used to explain concepts effectively to the students, which makes sense of the concepts to the students. This also
helps them to understand easily than normal explanation. Especially, the students from primary and lower primary are getting to know of the science
concept for the first time. Analogies make the subject interesting to the students from the age group of 5 to 12. In Maldives, National Institute of
Education has implemented key...show more content...
The aware idea is called the analog and the unaware one the target. The analog and the target have attributes; if the analog and the target have similar
features then an analogy may be made between them. An orderly comparison, orally or visually, between the features of the analog and target is called
a mapping. (Dagher, 1995b; Duit, 1991). A theoretical illustration of an analogy, with its essential parts, appears in Figure 1. ("Ecosystems
–Interactive
Science Notebook foldable", 2017) Figure – 1
As ("Science Fun", 2017) an example of an analogy shown between cell & factory and a plant cell &an animal cell appears below in Figures – 2 and
Figures – 3
Figure –

False Analogy
Part One: Overall, the argument presented is strong however, it is not without flaw. The first place we see this is in the last sentence of paragraph one
"Although, having a positive body image is good, it does not outweigh the negative consequences brought about by the normalization of obesity." The
assertion made here, dismisses the psychological harm brought about by a negative body image. For example, the prevalence of eating disorders in
American women that can bring about equal health risks. Moving forward, it could be argued that the author makes a false analogy throughout
paragraph one by comparing the health risks of smoking to the health risks of obesity. Furthermore, even in the absence of the false analogy the
assertions made about both the health risks of both lack any academic backing, consequently, many readers will dismiss the argument immediately.
Paragraph three, makes the assumption that readers adopt a utilitarian moral view. Due to this, readers who do not hold this view are neglected. In the
third paragraph, the author again makes a generalization about the reader; he assumes that the reader knows that BMI stands for body mass index. By
not making this clear, the reader may become confused. Throughout the entirety of the essay the author, speaks as if the ideal body type is one that is
obese, and it isn't until the final paragraph that it is even mentioned that the current and most prominent standards of beauty are (for women anyway)
ultra–thin body types. It could be argued that this is irrelevant and that the...show more content...
Repeatedly throughout the essay the author references outside material, however he never provides a list of his sources. Although, at face value, the
anecdotes and case studies mentioned strengthen the argument, it is entirely possible that the author just made everything up so that it conveniently
strengthened his

Homeostasis: An Analogy
Homeostasis – An Analogy The human body is everything that makes up, well, you. The fundamental parts of the human body are the head, neck,
middle, arms and legs. Our bodies comprise of various natural frameworks that do particular capacities vital for ordinary living. In this paper you will
learn about: The organization of the human body at its complex levels. Homeostasis and its relationship to human biology. Homeostatic mechanisms
for its internal environment. Numerous individuals have contrasted the human body with a machine. Consider some normal machines, for example,
bores and clothes washers. Every machine comprises of numerous parts, and every part makes a particular showing, yet every one of the parts
cooperate to perform a general...show more content...
Since homeostasis is an endeavor to keep up the inner states of a situation by constraining vacillations, it must include a progression of negative input
circles. (Temperature Regulation, 2014) Homeostasis and its relationship to human biology Homeostasis may be the control from claiming internal
conditions, be it temperature, specific blood states or distinctive variables inside for existing creatures. The statement "Homeostasis" might have been
at first portrayed by those French physiologist, Claude Bernard, on 1865. Those purpose behind homeostasis may be with provide for an unfaltering
inside surroundings to set methods will happen. Each procedure, or response, need a charming Main surroundings known as those standard. Impacts,
for example, an outside impact, might realize deviation a long way from this standard level and the form will revise this progress this will be known
as negative information. (Diaz, m., & Becker, d. 2010). Illustrations from claiming cases about negative criticism. When pulse climbs those heart will

False Analogies In Research
Facts are the sources that the world wants to hear. The bitter truth is what everyone yearns to receive and sometimes maybe a little spice here and
there is added toward the truth. During an argument, one should not use false analogies to get to their point. Most likely there will be researches
who will look up the evidence and in the end will not go through with the persuaded speech. False analogies are not some type of evidence one
would follow, because it gives the audience fallacy. For example, if a person were to sit in a room and listen to the speaker about how cancer can be
resolved by one resolution, then that would be a lie and more people would deny the fact because there has not been one conclusion for cancer. There
is evidence that

Paley's Analogy Analysis
In Paley's analogy he compares a watch to the world and human existence. He states that the watch must have been carefully designed by a
watchmaker in order for it to exist. Paley supposes that humans and our universe must have been designed by a greater power because of the careful
design. He states that the more complex the design the more likely for flaws to occur. He uses this to explain why people become ill, commit
immoral acts, and death. Hume challenges Paley's analogy saying that our world is so complex that anything made by humans will never be
comparable to the complex design of the universe. He suggests that if there were a creator, it would not be something our minds be able to perceive or
imagine. Also, Hume argues that a watch

Analogy Assignment
A lot has changed in our houses from the earlier nineteen hundreds to present day furniture that we think of today. In this illustration by Chris Ware of a
Thanksgiving dinner, Chris wants to illustrate to the viewers of a family from the nineteen–forty's and contrast the family with another family from the
two–thousand era. The cover was published in the year 2006 around the time of the Afghan–Iraqi war in the Middle–East and, to me, it seems like Chris
wants you to see how families interacted back then and how families interact now. There are a decent amount of subtle images within these two
images that show the viewer's how life was back about seventy years ago and how life is now.
First off, the image at the top of the page has a...show more content...
The bottom family seems to be more interested in the technology than the actual gathering. If you think about it, it is a little sad because that is how
most families are these days. The clothing the families are wearing are also striking to me because in the top image the family is wearing more formal
clothes with skirts and dress shirts with ties where the other family at the bottom is wearing more "everyday clothing" such as tank tops and
camouflaged t–shirts. It looks like this is more of a "gathering" than a family Thanksgiving dinner. The reason I think this looks more like a gathering
than a formal dinner is not only because of the clothing but also because there are two types of tables in the dining room and there are a few
different types of chairs that look like they either came from the back deck or from the basement storage. If you take a look at where the pies are
located you can see that in the top image they are placed right beside the dining room table where there are multiple types of desserts for the whole
family where in the bottom image there is only one pie and it is located in the kitchen almost out of sight. Where it is located it makes it seem like the
pie is only there for the people that want it and they may not care if they do not have enough for the entire family. It appears that the bottom family is
so caught up into watching the game that they might have the pie when the game is finished where it

Walmart Analogy Research Paper
The People of Wal–Mart analogy is quite powerful.
As I was writing this, I felt that it was less of a violation if the photo was of the backside, than of the front. Personal identifiers, I guess. However, you
are right; the whole point of the website is to take away what little dignity that person had away from them. I would project my mentality about public
appearance on to them. For example, if I go to Wal–Mart, I'll wear what I deem appropriate to the store and my neighborhood, and even the time. I'll
be shabbier at 11:00pm Friday than 2:00 pm on Saturday. I am sure what people wear in Wal
–Mart varies quite a bit from city to city, hell, even
neighborhood to neighborhood. Taking a picture of someone that has acceptable attire for one neighborhood

Ethnographic Analogies

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