2. Introduction
• Water is essential to life and development of 3rd world
countries
• Access to clean water
• Also large portions of the world don’t have any form of
electrical power
3. El Salvador
• Located in Central America
• Population: 6.2 million
• 8000 square miles
• Borders 192 miles of the Pacific Ocean
• Mostly mountainous region
4. San Salvador
• Population: 525,990
• Main city is roughly 28 square miles
• Averages 8.3 hours of sunlight a day
• Average temperatures of 73.6° F
• Average wind speed
between 4 and 7 mph
5. History
• Colonized by Spain in early 16th century
• Gained independence in 1821
• 12 year civil war in 1970’s
• Hurricane Mitch in 1998
• Ruled for long time by dictators but now is a republic
6. Status of Power Grid
Infrastructure
• About 83% of population have access to electricity
• Plans in effect to add solar power to rural areas with little
to no access to network of electricity
• Hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods do most of the
damage to El Salvador
• During the 6 month rainy season many of the rural and
secondary roads are flooded with water
• Of the roughly 6000 miles of roads only about 1200
miles of the roadways are paved
7. Accessibility to Clean
Water
• In El Salvador, environmental laws and clean water acts
are not being enforced as heavily as they should be
• About 55% of the rural population have access to the
public water supply compared to 90% of the urban
population having access to the public water supply
• In rural areas many people have to walk and carry water
back to their houses
8. Shortage of Clean Water
• 90% of surface water is contaminated due to human and
industrial waste
• Each Year, El Salvador receives on average 6 feet of
rainfall
• Projects have occurred in past to bring clean drinking
water to cities but nothing covers the cost of
maintenance after it is completed
9. Access to Clean Water
• Clean water means the difference in everything
• In all underdeveloped countries, access to clean water is
a problem for large portions of the population, especially
in rural areas
• Dirty water leads to people getting sick and dying
• Polluted water causes more deaths to children than
diseases like malaria
10. Access cont.
• Societies revolve around gathering water from miles
away, that isn’t always clean
• This doesn’t leave much time for developing education
and other things important to developing them into a
modern country
• Countries without clean water are in need of help
11. Providing Clean Water
• Providing clean water to areas in need has become
important for cultures, societies, and religions
• There are always projects being done by different
churches and communities to supply clean water to
different parts of the world
12. Possible positive and negative impacts
of renewable-energy
• Utilizing waste materials
to produce energy as in
the case of biomass
reduces the impact that
their treatment or
disposal of would
otherwise have on the
environment
13. Pros and Cons cont.
• Potential for renewables in poverty reduction
• Safeguarding other energy reserves like oil and natural
gas
• The fight against climate change
• Provides energy security.
14. Pros and Cons cont.
• Wind turbines may have
a negative effect on wild
bird populations
• As well a visual impact
on the landscape.
• There is also the impact
on the land during
construction.
15. Pros and Cons cont.
• Hazardous gases and
minerals may come up
from underground, and
can be difficult to safely
dispose of in the case of
geothermal.
• Harnessing of tidal
energy can lead to
destruction coastal
features such coral reefs
which help sustain marine
life.
16. Pros and Cons cont.
• Can result in ignoring
indigenous energy
production without taking
into account the social
and cultural aspects of
the informal economy.
17. Pros and Cons cont.
• The cost of generating solar energy is much higher than
that of fossil fuels, although costs are decreasing.
• One of the negative aspects of geothermal energy
concerns geography and geology
• Micro grid or off-grid systems have less government
regulations and have the potential for being used
illegally
19. Instability
• Civil War in 1980’s
o 80,000 dead
• Poverty
• Drug Gangs
o Maaras
• Protests
o Water
o Elections
20. Needs and Specifications
Needs Specification
• Can power the pump
• Store energy when pump is not
in use
• Replacement parts not needed
often
• Pares are easy to make and
acquire
• The overall cost is kept to a
minimum
• Parts are accessible from
nearby locations
• Safe to operate
• 500 watts
• 48 mAh
• 6 months
• 3 days
• $10,000
• 250 miles
• Meets all safety Standards
21. Needs and specification
cont.
Need Specification
• Safe for the surrounding
people
• Lasts a long time before
parts need replaced
• Minimum training needed to
operate
• Small number of people
needed to operate the
pump
• Low emissions
• Minimum noise pollution
• Meets all safety standards
• 6 months
• 8 hours of training
• 1 person
• Less than 100 grams of CO2
per year
• 75 decibels
23. Power Design
• Includes
o Grundfos 15SQ180
o Cabin Off-grid DC kit 2
• Four 140 watt solar panels to produce a total 560 watts.
• 12 volt DC 400 AH battery included
o 1000 gallon plastic tank
• Total cost of $3,735.95
24.
25. References
• Pump: SQ07
• http://www.supremewatersales.com/grundfos-15sq07-180-
96160149-3-submersible-pump-15-gpm-3-4-hp-2-wire-230-
volt.htmlSQ 05
• Pump: SQ05
• http://www.supremewatersales.com/grundfos-10sq05-160-
96160167-3-submersible-pump-1-2-hp-2-wire-115-volt.html
• Pump: Wayne Deep Well
• http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200311417_200311
417
• _-40876
26. • Solar Panel: DC Kit 1
• http://www.wholesalesolar.com/solarpowersystems/cabin
-1-dc-off-grid-solar-kit.html
• Solar Panel: DC Kit 2
• http://www.wholesalesolar.com/solarpowersystems/cabin
-2-dc-off-grid-solar-kit.html
• Wind Turbine: Nature Power
• http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200615
833_200615833?cm_mmc=Aggregates-_-Shopzilla-_-
Alternative + Renewable Energy>Wind Solutions-_-
40876
