5. Phlebotomy
▪ Gold top-contains gel and clot activators, used for chemistry tests
▪ Purple top-contains EDTA, used for hematology
▪ Light blue top-contains sodium citrate, used for coagulation tests
▪ Urine cup-used for urinalysis and urine culture
9. Implications
▪ Anisocytosis-high RDW
▪ May be false due to WBC
▪ May be due to past transfusion
▪ Low H&H
▪ Anemia
▪ Increased Neutrophils
▪ Possible infection
▪ Decreased platelets
▪ Decreased clotting ability
11. Complete Metabolic Panel
Analyte Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 Specimen 4
Glucose 179 H 377 H 187 H 110 H
BUN 23 H 25 H 26 H 31 H
Creatinine 1.89 H 1.81 H 1.81 H 1.48 H
Na 132 L 131 L 129 L 132 L
K 2.8 L 2.4 LC 3 L 2.5 LC
Cl 96 L 93 L 93 L 98
CO2 18 L 24 21 20 L
Ca 6 L 5.4 LC 5.3 LC 5.5 LC
Total Bili 27 H 24.7 H 28.3 H 26.6 H
Direct Bili Not Included Not Included Not Included Not Included
Total Protein 6.2 L 5.6 L 6.5 5.6 L
Albumin 2.3 L 2.1 L 2.3 L 2 L
ALP 61 45 57 57
AST 135 H 114 H 127 H 115 H
ALT 75 H 70 H 81 H 82 H
12. Implications
▪ Low sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2
▪ Acid/base balance issues
▪ Increased bilirubin
▪ Liver damage
▪ Increase glucose
▪ Possible diabetes
▪ Increased BUN and creatinine
▪ Kidney damage
24. Diagnosis
▪ Liver Failure
▪ Supported by increased bilirubin, increased AST & ALT
▪ Severe damage leading to organ shutdown
▪ Kidney Damage
▪ Increased BUN & creatinine, abnormal acid/base balance
▪ Anemia
▪ Low RBCs, Hgb, Hct
▪ Urinary Tract Infection
▪ Increased WBCs in urine & blood, positive E. coli in culture
25. Prognosis
▪ Liver failure: life threatening
▪ Depending on cause, may be reversible
▪ Often requires transplant
▪ Permanent damage can shorten life span
▪ Kidney damage: depends on severity
▪ Treatable if caught early
▪ Life threatening if progressed to kidney failure
▪ Anemia
▪ Generally good prognosis
▪ Usually treated with supplements, transfusion is severe cases
▪ UTI: very common
▪ Easily treated
▪ No lasting effects if caught early
▪ May cause permanent kidney damage if left untreated
26. Works Cited
Acute liver failure. (2017, August 29). Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-liver-
failure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352868.
Cunha, J. P. (2018, December 12). Acute Kidney Failure Treatment,
Causes & Symptoms. Retrieved from
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/acute_kidney_failure/article_e
m.htm#acute_kidney_failure_diagnosis.
Turner, J. (2019, November 5). Anemia. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499994/.
