1. SUB : HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
For the degree of Bachelor In Pharmacy
By
Mr . Pratik Kailas Sagade
Under the guidance of
ASST. PROF. JYOTI R. ALAPURE
AES COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , NARHE
2. JOINTS
INTRODUCTION
A Joint is simply known as a connection
between bones in the skeletal system
It is a site at which two or more bones meet
together
They allow different types of movement in the
bones
3. Classification of Joints
On the basis of structure
On the basis of function
Joints can be classified on the basis of two categories
4. On the basis of structure
On the basis of structure joints are
classified into three types
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
5. Fibrous Joints
• Fibrous joints is also known as immovable
joints.
• They are fixed joints and there is a no
movement allowed between the bones in
fibrous joints.
• Example :- cranial structure between bones
and skull
6. Cartilaginous Joints
• Cartilaginous joints are slightly movable
joints.
• They allow little or no movement
• In cartilaginous joints bones are
connected to each other by cartilage
• example :- Pubic symphysis
7. Synovial Joints
• The synovial joints are the most common type of joints as this
joints helps to perform various functions such as walking,
running etc.
• They are freely movable joint which allows movement it one or
more direction.
• These joints are covered by a membrane called Synovial
Membrane.
• There is a fluid present in the synovial membrane called
Synovial Fluid which allows the movement of the bones.
8. Classification of synovial joints
Synovial joints are further classified into 6 types
Ball and socket joint
Saddle joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Gliding joint
Condyloid joint
9. Ball and socket Joint
oThey are the most freely movable joint
oIn this ball of one bone is fitted into the
socket of other bone
oExample :- Shoulder joint
10. Saddle Joint
oIt is basically a type of ball and socket
joint
oIn this convex head of one bone fixes
into the other bone
oExample :- Thumb joint
11. Hinge Joint
o They allow the movement only in one place
o In this one bone is of convex shape and other one
is of concave shape
o Convex end of one bone attached with concave
end of other bone
o Example :- Elbow joint , Knee joint
12. Pivot Joint
o This joint allows movement only in 1
plane
o In pivot joint 1 bone is rounded or
pointed shaped in which other bone is
attached
o Rounded bone is fixed and other bone
rotates over it
o Example :- Atlas and Axis joint
13. Gliding Joint
oIn gliding joint bones are flat shaped
oIn this bones easily glides or slides over each
other
oThey are also known as planar joint
oExample :- Wrist joint
14. Condyloid Joint
oIt is also known as Ellipsoid
joint
oIn this ends of both the bones
are concave shape
oExample :- Carpals joint
15. Classification on the basis of function
On the basis of function joints can be classified into
three categories :
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
16. synarthrosis
o A synarthrosis is an immobile or nearly immobile joint.
o An example is the Manubriosternal joint or the joints between the
skull bones surrounding the brain.
o An Amphiarthrosis is a slightly moveable joint, such as the pubic
symphysis or an intervertebral cartilaginous joint.
o A diarthrosis is a freely moveable joint.
o Example :- Sutures of the skull
17. Amphiarthrosis
o An amphiarthrosis is a joint that has limited mobility.
o An example of this type of joint is the cartilaginous joint
that unites the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.
o Example :- Pubic symphasis
18. diarthrosis
oA freely movable joint. called also synovial joint.
oJoints allowing full movement (called diarthroses)
include many bone articulations in the upper and
lower limbs.
oIt is a type of synovial joint
oExample :- Shoulder joint , Knee joint
