The document discusses a study conducted at Gorden Secondary School in Papua New Guinea to determine if students and teachers want to integrate Facebook into classroom learning and teaching. Surveys were distributed to 324 students and 15 teachers. The results showed that Facebook was the most popular and frequently used social media platform. Most students spent 30-60 minutes per day on social media to keep in touch with friends and family or find news updates. While Google was more commonly used for assignments, some students utilized Facebook and other sites for research. Overall, the findings suggested that integrating Facebook and other social media could provide educational benefits if used appropriately in the classroom.

1. 1
Should Gorden Secondary School
use Facebook in the classroom?
Name: BETTY WAKIA
Student No: R1808D6078925
Course: ED4U023 Developing Digital Competence
Tutor: Kyriakos Perimenis
Date: 15th
September 2019

2. 2
Introduction
In the fast-growing digital world, the influence of social media on people’s lives
cannot be ignored. Social media like facebook are widely accepted and used by
students for communication and other purposes. Since the introduction of the mobile
phone in 2007, facebook has become a popular tool for communication among
students in Papua New Guinea (PNG). They then quickly grasp information, post
pictures, and opinions through facebook anytime, anywhere and even achieve the
effect of a live broadcast on their mobile devices. The era of the mobile internet has
opened the door for PNG's social development and provided more help for the
development of various social sectors. These convenient and fast communication
methods are bound to be welcomed by the students. Despite this, it is argued that in
PNG, the potential of using facebook for learning and teaching purposes in the
classroom remains controversial.
This research aims to find out if students and teachers at Gorden Secondary school
want to integrate facebook as learning and teaching tools in the classroom. This
paper is arranged in the following order: problem statement, limitation of the study,
the literature review which summarises previous studies on the use of facebook in
the schools, followed by the research methods, the results of the distributed
questionnaires, discussion, and the conclusion.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study was to explore Gorden Secondary school teachers and
students on how often they use facebook, the types of devices they used and should
they consider integrating facebook as learning and teaching tools in the classroom.
This study aims to find answers to the following questions:
1) How the students of Gorden Secondary school are using social media sites
like facebook?
2) How facebook can be used as an educational learning platform for Gorden
Secondary school students?
3) What action do Gorden Secondary school students and teachers want to take
from the Government?

3. 3
The significance of this research is to create awareness among
secondary students and teachers on the importance of facebook that
can be used as a platform for educational purposes. The findings will also help
students to use facebook as learning tools and hopefully, the Education sector can
be able to aware of the use of facebook as a medium to excite and educate students
in the classroom.
Limitation of the study
This research was carried out at Gorden Secondary school, the top five public
Secondary schools in Papua New Guinea. The questionnaire papers were given to
grade 9E, 9U, 10G, 10U, 11C, 11N, 11P, 11U, and 12C classes. There were 324
students and 15 teachers participate in filling the questionnaires which take around
10 minutes. A total of 339 took part in the survey but some of the questionnaires
were not completed.
Literature Review
As technologies have progressed very fast around the world, the use of information
and communication technologies (ICTs) in the education sector lends itself better to
a more student-centered learning environment. In education, the role of ICT is
importantly increasing as the world rapidly transitions to digital media and
information. This importance will continue to expand and evolve into the 21st century
(Moges, 2014). The technology plays an ever more prevalent role in our society, it is
critical that it remains accessible and understandable to all and that it senses to
break down barriers between people rather than teaching them a new.
Penetrating all sectors of the economy is the ICT tools that have change people,
their ethical values and existing laws, creating new jobs and enhancing many
activities. The most important is the articulation of technological skills to gain
employment. ICT development in schools in PNG is very slow to other countries. For
PNG to keep up with the rest of the world, ICT tools like Facebook must become an
integral part of education. It is a simple and empowering tool that enhances options
and brings the world’s knowledge to everyone’s doorstep.
Facebook is a social networking site created in 2004 and has been used by the
Harvard University students and eventually, in 2006 it quickly became available to

4. 4
the general public around the world. Since then the use of facebook
has skyrocketed from 1.3 billion users in 2014 to 2.38 billion users in
2019 (Facebook Statistics, 2019). According to Digicel PNG, facebook has over 740
000 users than Google. Facebook is widely used and provides an accessible
platform for educational purposes, in-depth planning, and curriculum design. Since
the birth of facebook, the education community started focusing education on
Facebook's application and did some research related to it.
A study conducted by the Pew Research Centre found that 96% of teachers think
that social media "allows students and more diverse people to share their learning
outcomes." The study also pointed out that the teacher's attitude toward social media
has changed drastically. According to the survey, online social media such as
Facebook, Twitter and blogs can help students to learn and perform inside and
outside of the classroom. In this way, teachers should encourage students to
participate in social media activities such as Facebook.
According to the study by the National School Boards Association of America in
2007, it shows that there is a positive connection between student performance and
Facebook usage. The study involves students in social networking have both 21st-
century and traditional skills including communication, leadership, creativity, and
collaboration. In the digital age, social networking sites like facebook allow students
and teachers to acquire skills that are relevant and important. By integrating the
internet and social media sites into learning and teaching processes, teachers need
to transformed students by helping them plan advanced learning, careers and
provides additional educational resources available on the Internet (Podoll &
Rendell, 2005). In this way, Facebook can create communication opportunities for
discussions between teachers and students.
In other studies, it shows that Facebook can promote informal communication
around classroom activities (Lampe et al., 2011). According to Ellison et al. (2007)
and Lampe et al. (2008) pointed out that Facebook can promote collaboration
between learners, so most undergraduates in the United States use these sites.
More than half of them integrate by using it for communication with school
classmates (Salaway et al., 2008), and more than a quarter use it in the classroom
(Smith et al., 2009). Another study also shows that learners use it as a formal and

5. 5
informal personal website to discuss academic topics (Selwyn, 2009).
These results are shown according to the results of the study by
Lampe et al. (2011) that facebook can help achieve educational goals. These
informal methods are used to connect students, and these methods can be learned
through a collaborative process of co-construction.
The two studies conducted in the United States, Lampe et al. (2011) sought to
understand how students use facebook for classroom-related collaborative activities.
To explore the factors that influence the students to make collaborative uses as part
of classroom work, the researchers sought to show how facebook could be used by
students as informal to organize their classroom experiences. The results show that
the more the student uses facebook, the better the student can engage in
collaboration via the social network. The researchers conclude that some teachers
who refuse to use and integrate facebook in the classroom miss an opportunity to
talk with their students. Teachers encourage students to use one or more methods to
reduce the equivocacy in their classes and introduce students on how to optimize the
use of social networking sites to enhance the learning experience. They can provide
additional training for students to create a Facebook account and invite students to
join the facebook group, which the students can be able to post activities, homework,
assignments, and further train them by improving their skills in using Facebook as
learning and teaching tools. Students can also be invited to post information related
to their course or to learn about them in the classroom.
Researchers also believe that teachers should continue to maintain the academic
relevance of the content and use social networking as a communication tool for
academic issues, such as solving problems related to class organizations and
courses. In secondary schools, social media tools like Facebook are very valuable
tools to help teachers and students absorb new information, develop at any time,
update their knowledge base, and better carry out teaching work. Ultimately, if
teachers have the opportunity to use social media in their lesson plans, they are
helping students demonstrate their broad reach. Social media play an increasingly
important role in education, and teachers need to integrate facebook into student
learning to keep up with the digital era in the 21st century.

6. 6
Method
This research survey is being conducted for social media sites like facebook that
should be used and integrated into teaching and learning tools at the Secondary
school level. The survey has been targeted at Secondary school students and has
been carried out in nine selected classes of grade nine, ten, eleven and twelve at
Gorden Secondary school from 8th to 12th July in the National Capital District.
Samples of 350 questionnaires were distributed and 339 of the questionnaires were
retrieved. The statistical method used to analyze the data collected in this paper is
the inference (chi-square) technique.
The following steps were taken to obtain information for the research questions
outlined in this study:
1) The survey consists of questionnaires were design in 14 multiple choice
questions and 14 questions that the respondents had to answer with ‘Yes’ or
‘No’.
2) Three hundred and twenty-four students and fifteen teachers from Gorden
Secondary school took part in the survey.
3) Participants were given 10 minutes to fill in the questionnaires.
4) Only fifteen teachers were included among the students in the data.
5) At the end of their class break, students were asked to fill in the survey
questionnaires. The data were analyzed out of the collected facts and figures.
Findings
Social media sites can be very useful for students’ and teachers’ training and
professional development at the Secondary school level, in connection with
educational technologies. Social media allow students to exchange information and
discuss various academic subjects that promote collaboration and increasing
learning. By using social media, students also develop the technical skills that will be
useful to them throughout their lives. To explore how social media like Facebook has
an impact on students and teachers teaching and learning in the classroom, a
sample of 324 students and 15 teachers were in the age range of 15 to 40 plus

7. 7
years. The students and teachers were chosen from the year 9 to 12
grade at Gorden Secondary school.
The data collected here are listed according to the order in which the research
questions are listed, and the sample percentage is used to analyze the
demographics of the teachers and students.
Table 1: Gender Distribution of the Students and Teachers
Gender Students/Teachers Percentage
Male 173 51.0%
Female 166 49.0%
Total 339 100%
As seen from the above table, most of the students and teachers in Gorden
Secondary School are males, consisting of 51% while females are 49% who took
part in the survey.
Table 2: Age Distribution of the Students and Teachers
Age Students/Teachers Percentage
Under 18 years 184 54.0%
18-20 years 138 40.5%
20-30 years 11 3.2%
30-40 years 6 1.8%
40 plusyears 2 0.6%
Total 341 100%
Table 2 above shows the ages of students and teachers who took part in this study,
and their age is no more than 18 years old and above. However, responses indicate
that the majority of students are less than 18 years old with 54% while 18 to 20 years
old with 41%.
Table 3: Teachers and Students Social Media Accounts
Social Media Teachers Students Percentage
Facebook 12 235 34.9%
Twitter 12 26 4.0%
Instagram 3 148 21.4%
LinkedIn 3 4 1.0%
Google + 6 143 21.1%
Youtube 2 80 11.6%
Whatsapp 2 25 3.8%
Others 0 16 2.3%
Total 40 677 100%
Here table 3 shows that teachers and students have more than one social media
accounts. A total of 235 students currently have facebook accounts, followed by

8. 8
Instagram with 148, Google + with 143, YouTube 80 and LinkedIn the
least of them all. As for the Gorden Secondary school teachers, most
of them have Google + and Facebook accounts which further shows in the graph
below.
Table 4: Most frequently visited Social Media by Students
Table 4 shows the facebook has become the most frequently visited social media
sites by students at Gorden Secondary school. The most frequently visited facebook
are female students with a total of 93 while the male students have a total of 90 who
visited facebook frequently during free time. The second most frequently visited
social media sites by male and female students is Google + followed by Instagram
and YouTube. The least frequently visited is twitter with 0.4% which is shown in the
graph below.
Social Media Male Female Percentage
Facebook 90 93 31.9%
Twitter 1 2 0.4%
Instagram 55 54 19.5%
Google + 72 74 25.5%
Youtube 47 41 16.7%
Whatsapp 10 5 3.5%
Other 7 2 2.5%
Total 282 271 100%
0
50
100
150
200
250
Teachers
Students

9. 9
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Teachers
Students
Table 5: Teachers and Students using Social Media to do Assignment
Social Media Teachers/Students Percentage
Wikipedia 161 29.4%
Facebook 6 1.1%
Google 306 55.8%
Youtube 59 10.8%
Instagram 6 1.1%
Others 10 1.8%
Total 548 100%
Social Medias are useful for students to do their homework or assignment when it
comes to education. In table 5 the social media sites that students and teachers
used to do their assignments or academic purposes at Gorden Secondary school are
Wikipedia with 29%, Google 56%, Youtube 11%, and the least with 1% are facebook
and Instagram. As seen in the graph below, Google is used as much as facebook
and most teachers and students used Google to do their homework or assignments
for their classes.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Male
Female

10. 10
Table 6: Time spend on Social Media per day
Time Teachers Students Percentage
Lessthan 30 minutes 4 70 22.2%
30-60 minutes 5 107 33.6%
1-2 hours 4 60 19.2%
2-3 hours 1 28 8.7%
3-4 hours 0 18 5.4%
More than 4 hours 0 36 10.8%
Total 14 319 100%
Table 6 shows the teachers and students at Gorden Secondary school respondents
the minutes and hours they spend on social media per day. About 34% of students
and teachers spend thirty to sixty minutes, followed by 22% spend less than thirty
minutes on social media while 19% of them spend on social media one to two hours
per day. 9% spend two to three hours while 5% spend three to four hours followed
by 11% spend more than four hours per day.
Table 7: Students and Teachers Purpose of using Social Media
Social Media Purpose Teachers Students Percentage
Making new friends 0 63 11.5%
Finding latest news 7 149 28.6%
Keepingintouchwith friends & families 6 207 39.0%
Making business contacts 5 14 3.5%
Sharing photos & videos 4 46 9.2%
Research 1 13 2.6%
others 0 31 5.7%
Total 23 523 100%

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Table 7 shows the students and teachers were ask to state the
purpose of using social media sites and 39% of them say they do
connect and keep in touch with friends and families while at school, 29% of them find
latest news updates on facebook and other social media while 12% do make new
friends on social networking sites followed by 9% share photos and videos on their
social media accounts. Only 4% make business contacts using social media like
facebook.
It was interesting to know that 3% of the students use social media to do their
research, homework or assignments. This percentage indicates that students and
teachers find facebook helpful in getting information and guidance related to their
subjects.
Table 8: Time spend looking at Social Media
Time Teachers Students Percentage
Not everyday 5 171 52.2%
Once a day 6 87 27.6%
2-5 times a day 3 52 16.3%
5-10 times a day 0 13 3.9%
Total 14 323 100%
Table 8 shows 52% of the students and teachers; don’t look at social media
sites every day because the school has a policy that mobile phones are not
allowed to use during the class. About 28% of students and teachers look at
social media once a day, followed by a 16% look at social media two to five
times a day while 4% do look at social media sites five to ten times a day.

12. 12
Table 9: Students and Teachers Posting on Social Media
Times Teachers Students Percentage
Daily 1 27 8.3%
Weekly 5 53 17.3%
Every few weeks 5 93 29.2%
Every few months 0 69 20.5%
Multiple times a day 0 11 3.3%
Never 3 69 21.4%
Total 14 322 100%
Table 9 shows that most students and teachers post on social media every few
weeks while 21% of them never post anything on social media due to internet access
in the school. Only 26% of the students post pictures and videos on their social
media account every few months while the rest of them post weekly, daily and
multiple times a day.

13. 13
Table 10: Teachers and Students Accessing Social Media
Table 10 shows most teachers and students access social media during free and
spare times or sometimes during the social occasion where they upload pictures and
videos on their facebook accounts to their friends and families to see while few of
them access facebook during meal times, at works or school.
Table 11: Groups do Teachers and Students join on Social Media
Groups Teachers Students Percentage
Political forum 7 80 14.5%
Sports group 4 155 26.5%
Women’s group 1 19 3.3%
Educational group 12 168 30.0%
Business group 3 32 5.8%
Technology group 1 67 11.3%
Others 0 52 8.7%
Total 28 573 100%
Table 11 shows most students at Gorden Secondary school join Educational and
sports groups on social media sites like Facebook. In the Political forum groups, the
numbers of female students joining the groups are less than the male students while
Time Teachers/Students Percentage
During free
time
239 58.2%
During Social
Occasions
33 8.0%
While atschool 8 1.9%
While at work 2 0.5%
Meal times 6 1.5%
Spare time 123 29.9%
Total 411 100%

14. 14
the few of the female students joining women’s groups on their
facebook account and it’s the least of them all. The technology group
is the fourth largest group that the students are joining on social media.
Table 12: Types of Devices used for Social Media
Devices Teachers Students Percentage
Mobile phone 14 305 74.0%
Laptop 4 43 10.9%
Computer 3 11 3.2%
Tablet 2 47 11.4%
Other 0 2 0.5%
Total 23 408 100%
In this pie graph, it shows that 74% of the Gorden Secondary school students and
teachers use mobile phones to log into Facebook, Instagram, Google, and several
other social networking sites while 11% of the students and teachers use tablets and
laptops to do homework or assignments and connect with families and friends at
home. Only 3% of them used computers to access social media to updates status or
news. While posting and commenting has become popular uses on mobile phones
by secondary school students.

15. 15
Table 13: Posting Pictures or Comments on Social Media
Time Teachers/Students Percentage
Extremely often 17 5.2%
Very often 33 10.1%
Moderatelyoften 48 14.7%
Slightly often 128 39.1%
Not at all 101 30.9%
Total 327 100%
Posting pictures or comments on social media has become a huge impact for
Secondary schools in Papua New Guinea. At Gorden Secondary school 39% of
students and teachers slightly post and share comments, images and digital footage
on social media every few weeks during free or spare times while 31% often not post
on social media at all. 15% of students and teachers often post moderately, followed
by a 10% post very often while 5% extremely often on social networking sites.

16. 16
Table 14: Amount spend on Social Media
Amount Teachers/Students Percentage
Less than K5 228 68.3%
K5-K10 88 26.3%
K10-K20 13 3.9%
K20-K30 1 0.3%
K30 plus 4 1.2%
Total 334 100%
The school does not have free Wi-Fi for students and teachers to connect them to
the internet. In table 14 shows most of the students and teachers spend less than K5
(£1.20) to access internet to use social media like facebook every few weeks while
26% of them spend K5-K10 ((£1.20-£2.40), followed by 4% spend K10-K20 (£2.40-
£4.80) and only 1% spend amount of K30 (£7.21) above.

17. 17
Table 15: Uses of Social Networking Sites
Questions Yes Percentage No Percentage
1) Do you often joinfacebook groups / forum andparticipate? 156 5.8% 188 9.4%
2) Have you createda grouponfacebook? 47 1.7% 281 14.0%
3) Do you love using social media? 256 9.5% 76 3.8%
4) Do you consider yourselfaddicted to social media? 101 3.7% 230 11.5%
5) Do you want to have classgroup to be createdonfacebook andstarted
posting questions, assignments, activitiesandinteract with your
teachers/students?
269 10.0% 72 3.6%
6) Do you think that facebook is the best educational tools for teachingand
learning inthe classroom?
90 3.3% 250 12.5%
7) ShouldSecondaryschool use facebookas learning and teachingtools inthe
classroom?
107 4.0% 223 11.1%
8) Do you want teachers to have facebook account? 253 9.5% 84 4.2%
9) Do you want teachers to create facebookgroupfor their class? 247 9.2% 98 4.9%
10) Do you consider socialmedia as animportant platform for teachingand
learning inthe classroom?
170 6.3% 166 8.3%
11) Do you want teachers to use facebookas a teaching platform for students
in the classroom?
126 4.7% 202 10.1%
12) Shouldgovernment improve internet services inthe schools? 327 12.1% 10 0.5%
13) Do you want the Government to put highspeed internet & Wi-Fi for
Secondaryschools in the National Capital District?
324 12.0% 11 0.5%
14) Do you want the Government to implement social media as learning tools
in Secondaryschool?
221 8.2% 115 5.7%
The table 15 shows the percentages of students said ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ to some of the
questions above. For the first question, 9.4% of students don’t often participate and
join facebook groups or forums while 5.8% do participate in forums and groups.
Most of the students and teachers did not create any groups on social media sites
but most of them love using social media and do not consider them as addicted. The
majority of the students wanted their teachers to create a facebook group for their
class so they can post their questions, assignments or activities, and interact with
teachers and classmates. They consider teachers to have a facebook account and
create facebook groups and even want the government to implement social media
as learning tools in Secondary school but they don’t consider social media like
facebook as learning and teaching tools in the classroom.
Sadly, the students and teachers don't think Facebook is the best educational tool for
learning and teaching in the classroom and they even don’t want the Secondary
School to use facebook as a learning and teaching platform for students in the
classroom. Most of the students and teachers at Gorden Secondary School want the
PNG Government to improve internet services by putting high-speed internet Wi-Fi
for Secondary schools in the National Capital District.

18. 18
Discussion
Facebook has become an integral part of communication, coordination, and
collaboration in teaching because it is one of the simplest ICT tools where students
can share online so that they can learn from each other, evaluate other’s work, and
share ideas with peers in the same environment.
According to this survey, half of the students used social media like facebook to
discuss assignments and homework but the school still blocks or prohibits students
from using mobile phones and social media in the classroom. This is often due to the
teacher’s lack of knowledge of the social network in the school and their belief that it
will distract students. One way to prevent Facebook from becoming a distraction for
students is to find ways to use it in the school’s existing curriculum. This survey
shows that teachers are increasing their use of social and digital media, but they are
still far behind other types of media.
Although most of the teachers at Gorden Secondary school wouldn’t want to
integrate facebook as teaching and learning tools because they are not clear about
how to integrate facebook in the classroom. There are no doubts that facebook is
suitable for use in the classroom at the Secondary school level.
Conclusion
With the continuous development of Internet technology and the rapid spread of
mobile devices in PNG, facebook has penetrated all aspects of students' daily life
and has had a profound impact on students' learning. These studies have shown that
Facebook can help students learn through a variety of social platforms. Teachers
can work with students to incorporate social media into everyday teaching, making
the course more interesting and engaging. Social networking sites like facebook are
a great tool for interacting with students because this is what they are most familiar
with.
Although by going through this study, there are many potential benefits of using
Facebook at the Gorden Secondary school and there are still some challenges and
limitations to consider. If teachers and students are aware of these challenges and
limitations and can actively seek to address these then it can be manageable.

19. 19
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Appendix
Educational Tools Survey Questionnaire
This researchsurveyis being conducted for the socialmedia sitesthat should be used and integratedinteaching and
learning tools at Secondaryschool. Your participationwill greatlyhelpto obtain the results.
Instructions:Please put a tick in the box next to the answer of your choice or write inthe space provided.
1) What is your gender?
Male
Female
2) How old are you?
under 18 years
18-20 years
20-30 years
30-40 years
40 plus years
3) Which of the Social media sites do you currently have an account with?
Facebook
Twitter
Instagram
LinkedIn
Google +
YouTube
Whatsapp
Other…………………….……(please specify)
4) Which of the following social media websites do you visit most frequently?
Facebook
Twitter
Instagram
LinkedIn
Google +
YouTube
Whatsapp
Other………………………..………(please specify)
5) What social media tools you used to do your assignment?

21. 21
Wikipedia
Facebook
Google
YouTube
Instagram
Other………………………..………(please specify)
6) How much time do you spend on social media per day?
less than 30 minutes
30-60 minutes
1-2 hours
2-3 hours
3-4 hours
more than 4 hours
7) What is your purpose of using social media websites?
To make new friends
To find the latest news
To connect and keep in touch with friends and family
To make professional and business contacts
To share your photos and videos
Research
Other……………………………..(please specify)
8) How many times a day you look at Social media?
not every day
once a day
2-5 times a day
5-10 times a day
9) How often do you post on social media?
daily
weekly
everyfew weeks
everyfew months
multiple timesa day
never
10) When do you access social media?
during free time
during social occasions
while at school
while at work
meal times
anyspare moment
11) What other groups do you join so far on social media?
Political forum
Sports group
Women’s group
Educational group
Business group
Technology group
Other………………….........(please specify)
12) Which type of devices do you used for social media?

22. 22
Mobile phone
Laptop
Computer
Tablet
Other………………….........(please specify)
13) How many times do you post pictures, comment an etc. on your social media accounts?
Extremelyoften
Very often
Moderately often
Slightly often
Not at all often
14) How much a day you spend on internet to use social media?
Less than K5
K5-K10
K10-K20
K20-K30
K30 plus
15) Answer this questions “Yes” or “No” by putting a tick in the columns.
Questions Yes No
1) Do you often joinfacebook groups / forum andparticipate?
2) Have you createda grouponfacebook?
3) Do you love using social media?
4) Do you consider yourselfaddicted to social media?
5) Do you want to have classgroup to be createdonfacebook andstarted postingquestions, assignments, activities
and interact with your teachers/students?
6) Do you think that facebook is the best educational tools for teachingandlearning inthe classroom?
7) ShouldSecondaryschool use facebookas learning and teachingtools inthe classroom?
8) Do you want teachers to have facebook account?
9) Do you want teachers to create facebookgroupfor their class?
10) Do you consider socialmedia as animportant platform for teachingandlearning in the classroom?
11) Do you want teachers to use facebookas a teaching platform for students in the classroom?
12) Shouldgovernment improve internet services inthe schools?
13) Do you want the Government to put highspeedinternet & Wi -Fi for Secondaryschools inthe National Capital
District?
14) Do you want the Government to implement social media as learning toolsinSecondaryschool?