This infographic was designed for academic advisors and covers 6 basic learning theories and areas where students might struggle with each theory.

1. Learning Theories for
Academic Advisors
Behaviorism - learning through environmental stimuli and
reinforcement
Cognitivism: Social Cognitive Theory - learning through observation
of models e.g. instructors or peers.
Cognitivism: Cognitive Learning Processes - how students process information
and think about their learning, including critical thinking, problem-solving,
reasoning, and creativity.
Cognitivism: Information Processing Theory - how information is stored in
working and long-term memory and recalled.
Constructivism - learning is built by students based on their perception of
information being presented. Perception is affected by students' previous
experiences.
Gagne's Theory of Instruction - addresses the components of learning and
creates a framework for learning experiences.
Students with limited experience in their chosen field may struggle to understand or apply
information. Encourage students to consider the concept being taught in other contexts
and reflect on their experiences in other fields when they have dealt with the concept.
Students may struggle with motivation with this approach and not
automatically apply the information to real-life scenarios. Encourage students to
consider the information in relation to their professional lives or future professional
goals and current events. Allow them to build their own connections.
Perfectionist students may struggle in even the most well-developed course.
Encourage students to set small goals, review time management strategies, develop
support systems, and celebrate minor accomplishments.
Students may struggle with the development of critical thinking skills. Encourage students
to work with faculty mentors and follow the 6 steps of critical thinking. They are:
1. Organize information 2. Structure reasoning 3. Consider all available information 4. Identify
assumptions 5. Evaluate arguments 6. communicate conclusions
Students may struggle to focus and maintain their attention on the information. Suggest
good study habits as well as using tools such as screen readers to add an additional
method of sensory input.
Students may struggle with impostor syndrome with this approach and may feel they
are not as accomplished as their peers. Remind students of previous
accomplishments and the processes or tools they used to achieve those goals. This
will build confidence and remind them of their abilities.
What to know and how to help