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NOMENCLATURA D E
ALCANOS
𝗈 1.- La base del nombre fundamental, es la cadena continua
más larga de átomos de carbono.
𝗈 2.- La numeración se inicia por el extremo más cercano a una
ramificación.
● Dos ramificaciones a la misma distancia, se empieza a
numerar por el extremo más cercano a la ramificación de
menor orden alfabético.
● Dos ramificaciones del mismo nombre a la misma
distancia de cada uno de los extremos, se busca una tercera
ramificación y se numera la cadena por el extremo más
cercano a ella.
𝗈 4.- Se escriben las ramificaciones en orden
alfabético y el nombre del alcano que corresponda
a la cadena principal.
NOMENCLATURA D E
ALCANOS
𝗈 3.- Cuando en un compuestos hay dos o más
ramificaciones iguales:
NOMENCLATURA D E
ALCANOS
Radicales alquilo
𝗈 Cuando alguno de los alcanos pierde un átomo de hidrógeno se
forma un radical alquilo. Estos radicales aparecen como
ramificaciones sustituyendo átomos de hidrógeno en las cadenas.
E J E M P LO S D E
ALCANOS
4-ETIL-2-METILHEPTANO
E J E M P LO S D E
ALCANOS
5-ISOPROPIL-3- METILNONANO
E J E M P L O S D E
ALCANOS
3-METIL-5-n-PROPILOCTANO
E J E M P L O S D E
AL C ANOS
E J E M P L O S D E
ALCANOS
3,4,6-TRIMETIL HEPTANO
E J E M P L O S D E
ALCANOS
3,4,6-TRIMETIL HEPTANO
E J E M P L O S D E
AL C ANOS
3-METIL-5-ISOPROPILNONANO

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Nomenclatura de alcanos

  • 1. NOMENCLATURA D E ALCANOS 𝗈 1.- La base del nombre fundamental, es la cadena continua más larga de átomos de carbono. 𝗈 2.- La numeración se inicia por el extremo más cercano a una ramificación. ● Dos ramificaciones a la misma distancia, se empieza a numerar por el extremo más cercano a la ramificación de menor orden alfabético. ● Dos ramificaciones del mismo nombre a la misma distancia de cada uno de los extremos, se busca una tercera ramificación y se numera la cadena por el extremo más cercano a ella.
  • 2. 𝗈 4.- Se escriben las ramificaciones en orden alfabético y el nombre del alcano que corresponda a la cadena principal. NOMENCLATURA D E ALCANOS 𝗈 3.- Cuando en un compuestos hay dos o más ramificaciones iguales:
  • 3. NOMENCLATURA D E ALCANOS Radicales alquilo 𝗈 Cuando alguno de los alcanos pierde un átomo de hidrógeno se forma un radical alquilo. Estos radicales aparecen como ramificaciones sustituyendo átomos de hidrógeno en las cadenas.
  • 4. E J E M P LO S D E ALCANOS 4-ETIL-2-METILHEPTANO
  • 5. E J E M P LO S D E ALCANOS 5-ISOPROPIL-3- METILNONANO
  • 6. E J E M P L O S D E ALCANOS
  • 7. 3-METIL-5-n-PROPILOCTANO E J E M P L O S D E AL C ANOS
  • 8. E J E M P L O S D E ALCANOS 3,4,6-TRIMETIL HEPTANO
  • 9. E J E M P L O S D E ALCANOS 3,4,6-TRIMETIL HEPTANO
  • 10. E J E M P L O S D E AL C ANOS 3-METIL-5-ISOPROPILNONANO