LEVELING

1. LEVELLING REPORT Page 1
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND
DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING(HONOURS)
QSB 60103 – SITE SURVEYING
FIELDWORK 1ST
REPORT
LEVELLING
MARCH SEMESTER 2015
NAME STUDENT ID MARKS
TEE SIN YI 0315689
THAN LEK MEI 0315538
THUN SHAO XUN 0315919
SHANE SIM EE HAN 0321288

2. LEVELLING REPORT Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENT PAGE
COVER PAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENT 2
INTRODUCTION TO LEVELLING 3-4
OBJECTIVE 5
OUTLINE OF APPARATUS 6-9
LEVELLING RESULT 10
ADJUSTMENT OF MISCLOSURE 11
DISCUSSION 12
CONCLUSION 13
REFERENCES 14

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Introduction to levelling
Levellingisbasicallyaninstrumenttomeasure the relative heightof the elevationina
differentrespective pointthathave beengiven.Besidesthat,levellingrodisalsoa needto
measure the difference of the heightbetweenthe points.
Benchmark:A benchmarkisa pointof reference bywhichsomethingcanbe measured.In
surveying,a"benchmark"(twowords) isa post or otherpermanentmarkestablishedata
knownelevationthatisusedasthe basisformeasuringthe elevationof othertopographical
points.
Backsight:The instrumentsetupthe firstpointandget the firstreading.
IntermediateSight:Readingbetweenthe backsightandforesight
Foresight:The Final readingof the instrument.

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In the levellingthere are twotypesof methodto measure whichare,heightof collimation
and the rise and fall method.
Height Of Collimation Method
Example of Rise and Fall Method

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OBJECTIVE
• To enhance the student’s knowledge in the levelling procedure.
• To enable students to get hands-on experience in setting up and working
with the auto-level.
• To allow students to apply the theories that had been taught in the classes in
a hand-on situation such as making adjustments for each reduced level of
every single staff station in order to obtain the most accurate reduced levels
• To find the elevation of given point with respect to some assumed reference
line called datum.
• To determine the error of misclosure in order to determine whether the
levelling is acceptable or not.

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Outline of Apparatus:
AutoLevelinstrument
An Auto-Level is a Professional Leveling Tool used by Contractors, Builders, Land
Surveying Professionals, or the Engineer who demands accurate leveling every time.
AutoLevels set up fast, are easy to use, and save time and money on every job. We
have a large selection of Auto Levels for your choice of options like magnification,
accuracy, and price. Some Auto Levels come in kits that include the grade rod and
tripod. Auto-Levels are great for Fence Builders, Foundation Installers, Deck Builders,
Landscaping Pros, Swimming Pool Builders, Home Builders, Roadwork Jobs,
Excavations and More. Auto-Levels require that you level the instrument by hand,
but you're only required to get the bubble within the black circle on the bubble vial,
from there the Auto-Levels'compensator takes over and precisely levels itself. Easier
to Level, Quick to Level, and Greater Accuracy. Brands like Agatec, CST Berger, David
White, Laser Line, Leica, NorthWest Instrument, Pacific Laser Systems, Pentax, Seco,
Sokkia, and Topcon.

7. LEVELLING REPORT Page 7
Optical Plummet
In surveying, a device used in place of a plumb bob to center transits and theodolites
over a given point, preferred for its steadiness in strong winds.
Levelling Tripod
This levelling tripod consist of three leg. Each leg can be adjustable with any height
and also distance between the legs. This is to make sure that the levelling tripod
place horizontal.

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Spirit Bubble
Spirit Bubble is located on the optical plummet. To make sure that the instrument is
set up horizontal angle, the spirit bubble must fall inside the red circle.
Levelling
We carry all types of Surveying Rods such as Grade Rods, Level Rods, Direct Elevation
Rods, Lenker Rods, and Specialty Smart Rods. Grade Rods also known as Level Rods
are a necessary tool for most building contractors, paving companies, excavation
companies, and plumbers residential or commercial. As an added feature on some

9. LEVELLING REPORT Page 9
rod models, they have measuring ruler capabilities, where you can extend the rod up
to the underside of a bridge or ceiling and then read the height at eye-level. Also be
aware that some rods have their measuring faces made for when using laser levels
as opposed to an optical level.

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LEVELLING RESULT
Correction = ( 100.014 – 100.000 ) / 11
= 0.014 / 11
= 0.0013
Backsight Foresight Rise Fall Line Of
Collimation
Reduced
Level
Remarks
1.438 100.000 BM 1
1.330 3.575 2.137 101.438 97.863 TP 1
1.292 1.340 0.010 99.193 97.853 TP 2
1.390 1.428 0.136 99.145 97.717 TP 3
1.500 1.474 0.084 99.107 97.633 TP 4
1.365 1.244 0.256 99.133 97.889 TP 5
1.328 1.365 0.000 99.254 97.889 TP 6
1.325 1.540 0.212 99.217 97.677 TP 7
1.287 1.235 0.090 99.002 97.767 TP 8
3.647 1.325 0.038 99.054 97.729 TP 9
1.412 1.385 2.262 101.376 99.991 TP 10
1.389 0.023 101.403 100.014 BM 1
17.314
17.300
0.014
17.300 2.631
2.617
0.014
2.617 100.014
100.000
0.014

11. LEVELLING REPORT Page 11
ADJUSTMENT ON MISCLOSURE
Calculated
Reduced
Level
Line Of
Collimation
Remarks Adjustment Adjusted
Reduced
Level
Adjusted
Line Of
Collimation
100.000 BM 1 - (0.0000) 100.000 100.000
97.863 101.438 TP 1 - (0.0013) 97.862 101.437
97.853 99.193 TP 2 - (0.0026) 97.850 99.190
97.717 99.145 TP 3 - (0.0039) 97.713 99.141
97.633 99.107 TP 4 - (0.0052) 97.628 99.102
97.889 99.133 TP 5 - (0.0065) 97.883 99.127
97.889 99.254 TP 6 - (0.0078) 97.883 99.246
97.677 99.217 TP 7 - (0.0091) 97.668 99.208
97.767 99.002 TP 8 - (0.0104) 97.757 98.992
97.729 99.054 TP 9 - (0.0117) 97.717 99.042
99.991 101.376 TP 10 - (0.0130) 99.978 101.363
100.014 101.403 BM 1 - (0.0143) 100.000 101.389

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DISCUSSION
The benchmark (BM1) is fixed at a reduced revel (RL) of 100.00. For each turning
point (TP), the reading of backsight (BS) and foresight (FS) could be obtained.
Observation shall be recorded. Auto level will be shifted along this process by
stations to stations and finally, back to BM 1.
We adopted both rise and fall method and height of collimation method in this
levelling. By substracting BS and FS will provide you the reduced level of each station.
However, there was some error occurred in this levelling process. When it comes to
this situation, we shall calculate the error of misclosure. The reduced level had to be
adjusted using specific method which is loop misclosure. The error of misclosure was
0.014 and it was in the acceptable range as the error did not exceed 0.039. Thus, our
levelling is fair enough.

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CONCLUSION
With the aid of the instruments provided by our lecturer, we are able to measure,
collect data, tabulate, analyze and interpret data to produce this report. By applying
the knowledge obtained, we are able to adjust the errors by error distribution
methods. In this case, the “rise and fall” method is used to obtain the reduce levels
and errors are distributed by dividing the errors by number of set ups to get the
average error occurred in every set ups. Hence, using the data, we are able to
produce this fieldwork report.

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REFERENCES
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PVdb4O5K3uQSI6oKYAQ&bvm=bv.96783405,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFFHbzBaRS
pahCZwzDT3IefL-m6eA
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2015, from http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/benchmark
5) Site Surveying Report 1 (Levelling). (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2015, from
http://www.slideshare.net/Haziq1511/site-surveying-report-1-42339804
6) THE SCALE OF WOODEN LEVELLING STAFFS AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES.
(n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2015, from
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gateway.co.uk/images/Height_of_Col.jpg?713
8) Automatic Levels. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2015, from
http://www.engineersupply.com/automatic-levels.aspx
9) (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2015, from
http://www.sage.unsw.edu.au/currentstudents/ug/projects/g_leung/giff/Fig
3_4.gif