The document summarizes NASA's Commercial Crew & Cargo Program which aims to stimulate commercial space transportation capabilities. It details two commercial partners, SpaceX and Rocketplane Kistler, selected through the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) demonstration program to develop cargo and potentially crew vehicles. The partners plan cargo demonstration flights to the International Space Station as early as 2008, with a goal of commercial transportation services by 2010 to address NASA's resupply needs.

1. May, 2007
Commercial Crew & Cargo
Program
Marc Timm
Program Executive, Commercial Crew & Cargo Program
NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate
Program Overview

2. 2
National Direction
• National Space Exploration Policy/
Vision for Space Exploration, Jan 2004
– [The United States will] Promote…
commercial participation in exploration…
to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic
interests.
– [The NASA Administrator will] Pursue
commercial opportunities for providing transportation
and other services supporting the International Space
Station and exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit.
• NASA Authorization Act of 2005
– The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon… to
promote exploration, science, commerce…
– The Administrator... shall develop a commercialization plan to support the human missions to the Moon
and Mars, to support low-Earth orbit activities…
• NASA Administrator Mike Griffin,
American Astronautical Society, Nov. 15, 2005
– If we are to make the expansion and development of the space frontier an
integral part of what it is that societies do, then these activities must, as quickly
as possible, assume an economic dimension as well… To this end, it is up to
us at NASA to use the challenge of the Vision for Space Exploration to foster the commercial
opportunities which are inherent to this exciting endeavor.

3. 3
• Need
– NASA has an immediate and long term
obligation to service the
International Space Station (ISS)
• Status
– Vision for Space Exploration to retire
Space Shuttle by 2010 results in using
remaining flights to complete ISS assembly
– Baseline barter and purchase agreements for
International Partner space transportation
capabilities (Progress, Soyuz, ATV, HTV) are no longer sufficient to meet
projected ISS operational needs
– There is a shortfall and gap in accommodating ISS resupply needs until
CEV becomes available by 2014/2015 timeframe
• Solutions
– Commercial transportation service is the preferred approach if proven
reliable and cost effective
– CEV and foreign purchases of space transportation capabilities are
alternatives to meeting service obligations to ISS if commercial services
are unavailable
NASA ISS Obligations

4. 4
Program Objectives
• The Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office (C3PO) has been established
at the Johnson Space Center to accomplish the following objectives:
– Implement U.S. Space Exploration policy with investments to stimulate the
commercial space industry
– Facilitate U.S. private industry demonstration of cargo and crew space
transportation capabilities with the goal of achieving reliable, cost effective access
to low-Earth orbit
– Create a market environment in which commercial space transportation services
are available to Government and private sector customers
Program Management
(Centers)
Exploration Systems Mission
Directorate Management (HQ)
COTS
Project
SpaceX
Horkahcuk
COTS
Project
SpaceX
Horkahcuk
Constellation
Program
Office
(JSC)
Hanley
Constellation
Program
Office
(JSC)
Hanley
Constellation Systems Division
Stanton
Constellation Systems Division
Stanton
Associate Administrator (AA)
For Exploration
Systems
Horowitz
Deputy AA
Cooke
Associate Administrator (AA)
For Exploration
Systems
Horowitz
Deputy AA
Cooke
Project Management
(Centers)
Commercial
Crew & Cargo
Program
Office
(JSC)
Lindenmoyer
Commercial
Crew & Cargo
Program
Office
(JSC)
Lindenmoyer
COTS
Project
RpK
Manners
COTS
Project
RpK
Manners
Other
Parterships
Unfunded
SAAs
Other
Parterships
Unfunded
SAAs
Cx
Projects
Cx
Projects

5. 5
Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office
Johnson Space Center
10 C3PO FTE
4 Matrix FTE
4/06/07
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS)
Demonstrations
COTS Project Executive
(SpaceX)
Mike Horkachuck
Assistant Project Executive
Warren Ruemmele
COTS Project Executive
(RpK)
Bruce Manners
Assistant Program
Integration Manager
Tim Bulk
Lisa Price
Business/Resource Analyst
Keith Hutto
Agreements Officer
Chief Safety and Mission
Assurance Officer
Mark Erminger
Assistant Commercial Space
Development Manager Dennis
Stone
QB1 QB2
Jennifer Krause
Contract Specialist
Program Manager
Alan Lindenmoyer
Deputy Program Manager
Valin Thorn
Administrative Assistant
Starr Taylor
QA
Commercial Space
Development Manager
Rob Kelso
Program Integration
Manager
Mike Surber
ESMD Program Executive
Marc Timm
COTS Technical Authority
Eng: JSC/EA Gail Chapline
S&MA: JSC/NA Mark Erminger
Med/Health: JSC/SA Jeff Davis
Assistant Project Executive
Kevin Meehan
NA
HQ
COTS Advisory
Team
(CAT)NASA Centers

6. 6
Potential ISS
Market
$300-
700M/year

7. 7
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS)
Overview
• $500M budgeted in FY06-FY10 as an investment for the
demonstration of commercial orbital transportation capabilities
• COTS Project executed in two phases:
– Phase 1: Technical Development/Demonstration by private industry
– Phase 2: Potential Competitive Procurement of Orbital Transportation
Services
• Phase 1 award of Space Act Agreements in August 2006
• Phase 1 SAAs include an option for crew transportation
demonstrations
– Pending successful cargo demonstrations and additional NASA funding
COTS Phase 1 is NOT a procurement or contract for products and services –
It is NASA’s catalyst for technology demonstrations where the potential high
return on investment outweighs the associated financial risk

8. 8
Innovative Features
• Phase 1 Competition
– Utilized NASA’s Space Act authority vs. FAR contract
– Emphasized management team skills vs. company past performance
– Business plan and financial criteria similar to private investment models
– Broadly targeted technical goals for the general space transportation
market
• Firm requirements/processes where necessary for ISS certification and
human safety
– Encouraged private investment to share costs, enable multiple awards, and
maximize capability coverage
• Space Act Agreement
– Companies retain maximum rights to intellectual and personal property
allowed by law
– FAA licensing and cross-waiver liability provisions
– Fixed-price performance milestone payments
• Series of incremental milestones based on objective criteria
– Restricted termination provisions
COTS is a Government-Industry partnership
and represents a new way of doing business with the private sector

9. 9
COTS Participants
• Received 21 proposals from 20 companies across the full spectrum of
industry
• Down selected to 6 companies for final evaluation and negotiations –
2 selected for portfolio of funded SAAs
– Andrews Space
– SpaceDev
– SPACEHAB
– Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space)
– Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX)
– Rocketplane-Kistler (RpK)
• Discussions with several companies are ongoing for NASA technical
assistance with capability development via nonreimburseable
(unfunded) SAAs
• Currently, unfunded SAAs have been signed with:
– Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space)
– PlanetSpace
Funded Space Act Agreement
Funded Space Act Agreement

10. 10
Description:
• K-1 Launch Vehicle
• Orbital Vehicle
• Pressurized/Unpressurized Cargo/Crew
Modules
Proposed Features:
• Reusable launch and orbital vehicles that
return to launch site
• Modular crew and cargo configurations
• Capability A/B/C demonstration planned for
completion by March 2009
• NASA Investment:
– Cargo Demonstration – up to $207 M
– Crew Option – up to $200 M
Rocketplane Kistler COTS Concept

11. 11
RpK Milestone Highlights
• FY06
– Program Management Plan/Kickoff Completed
– Financing Round Completed
• FY07
– System Requirements Review Completed
– Financing Round
– Critical Design Reviews
• FY08
– Engine Test Firing
– System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
– Launch Vehicle Complete/Ship
– Certification of Flight Readiness
• FY09
– Risk Reduction Orbital Test Flight
– Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (internal/pressurized)
– Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (external/unpressurized)

12. 12
Description:
• Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle
• Dragon Crew/Cargo Spacecraft
Proposed Features:
• Flexible crew and cargo configurations
• Recoverable launch vehicle and
spacecraft
• ISS cargo delivery & return demonstration
planned for completion by September
2009
• NASA Investment:
– Cargo Demonstration – up to $278 M
– Crew Option – up to $308 M additional
Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX)
COTS Concept

13. 13
SpaceX Milestone Highlights
• FY06
– Program Management Plan/Kickoff Completed
• FY07
– System Requirements ReviewsCompleted
– Preliminary Design Review Completed
– Financing Round Completed
– Critical Design Review
• FY08
– Financing Round
– System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
– Orbital Test Flight 1
• FY09
– Delta System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
– Orbital Test Flight 2
– Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS

14. 14
t/Space Concept
Spacecraft and
booster released
from 747
After strap-on
boosters fire, core
takes over
CXV reaches orbit
with second stage
attached
CXV delivers separately
launched cargo module to
ISS
Crew compartment returns;
other parts are expended Parachute landing into water
Description:
• Air launched rocket
uses LOX/propane
and vapor pressure
for pressurization
• Piloted capsule
• Separately launched
cargo module

15. 15
PlanetSpace Concept
Description:
• ELV rocket based on legacy V-
2 engines
• USAF FDL-7 based lifting body
spacecraft

16. 16
COTS Timeline
* COTS crew transportation capability is a Phase 1 option and is currently not funded or authorized
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015+
Shuttle Retirement
Cargo Dev
Crew Dev*
Cargo Services
Crew Services
Shuttle ISS Assembly
Phase 1 COTS
Demo/Development
COTS Cargo Demo/Dev
COTS Crew Demo/Dev
Phase 2 COTS ISS Services
COTS Cargo Services
COTS Crew Services
ISS Operations
CEV/CLV Development
CEV/CLV Operations

17. 17
COTS Flight Demonstrations
Cargo Demo Flight 3 to ISS (Sep)
Cargo Demo Flight 2 (Jun)
Cargo Demo Flight 1 (Sep)
Pre Demo Flight 1 Risk Reduction Flight (Nov)
Cargo Demo Flight 1 to ISS (Jan)
Cargo Demo Flight 2 to ISS (Mar)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Crew Demo Flight 1 (Jun)
Funded Milestone
Optional Milestone
Crew Demo Flight 2 (Dec)
Crew Demo
Flight 3 (Apr)
Crew Demo
Flight (Aug)

18. 18
Summary
• U.S. space policy directs pursuit of commercial opportunities for providing
transportation and other services to low Earth orbit and beyond
• C3PO established to implement policy
• COTS strategy
– Phase 1 -- Industry technical development/demonstrations (COTS Demos)
– Phase 2 – Potential procure commercial services for ISS logistics support
• COTS Demonstrations competition completed in 10 months
• Two industry partners selected for funded Space Act Agreements
– SpaceX & Rocketplane Kistler
• Unfunded Space Act Agreements are established or in work with other
companies
• COTS budget of $500 M thru 2010, with pay for performance milestone approach
• Cargo flight demonstrations planned for as early as 2008
– Crew flight demonstration options possible for 2011-2012 timeframe
• Commercial cargo transportation services potentially available as early as 2010
Successful COTS partners may open new space markets and provide reliable,
cost effective cargo and crew transportation services
- a new era for commercial space