Types of paints and their applications

1. Presented By – Azleen Kazi

2. Contents
• What is a Paint?
• Characteristics
• Guidance for Painting process
• Types of Paints
• Painting on different surfaces
• Defects in Painting
• Introduction to Varnishing
• Conclusion

3. What is a Paint ?
• Paint is any liquid, liquefiable,
or mastic composition that, after application to
a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.
• It is most commonly used to protect, color, or
provide texture to objects.

4. Characteristics of an Ideal
Paint
• Possess a good spreading power
• Fairly cheap and economical
• Easily and freely applied on surface
• Dries in reasonable time
• Color is maintained for a long time

5. Guidance for Painting
process

6. Types of Paints
1. Aluminum Paint :
– A finch ground aluminum is added to
quick/slow drying varnish
– When spirit evaporates thin layer of aluminum
is formed on the surface.

7. 2. Anti-corrosive Paint
– Pigments such as chromium oxide, lead, red
lead, zinc chrome are taken and mixed with a
certain quantity of fine sand.
– Adding this mixture in a paint results in
formation of anticorrosive paint
Types of Paints

8. Types of Paints
3. Asbestos Paint
– It is applied on surfaces that are exposed to
acidic gases and steam

9. Types of Paints
4. Bituminous Paint
 It is used to build a vapor proof , flexible and
protective coat to the surface.

10. Types of Paints
5. Cellulose Paint
– It’s a favorite amongst keen enthusiast as it is
easy to use, relatively cheap and polishes to a
high gloss finish with the minimum of fuss.

11. 6. Cement Paint
 An economical exterior wall finish that enhances
the décor of buildings.
 Resistant to fungus &algae and protects
buildings from varying weather conditions
Types of Paints

12. Types of Paints
7. Colloidal Paint
– No inert material is mixed up
– Requires more time to settle and during
settlement penetrates through surface
– Can be used for both interior & exterior walls

13. Types of Paints
8. Emulsion Paint
 A rough surface paint whose color is retained
for a long time

14. Types of Paints
9. Enamel Paint
– Available in different colors this paint contains
white lead, oil, petroleum spirit and resinous
matter.

15. Types of Paints
10. Graphite Paint
 Presents a black color and applied on iron
surfaces that come in contact with ammonia ,
chlorine, Sulphur gases etc

16. 11. Inodorous Paint
– No turpentine is used in this paint.
– Dries quickly but not durable
– Consists of white lead mixed with methylated
spirit.
Types of Paints

17. Types of Paints
12. Luminous Paint
 Prepared by mixing calcium sulphide with
varnish
 It shines in darkness like radium dials of
watches.

18. 13. Oil Paint
– An ordinary paint applied in 3 coats of varying
compositions of primers,
undercoats and finishing
coats.
– Cheap, easy to apply, good
opacity and low gloss
Types of Paints

19. 14. Plastic Paint
 Contains a variety of plastics in suspension
 Used in showrooms, display rooms, auditoriums
etc
 Can be applied by spray/brush
Types of Paints

20. Painting on different
Surfaces
1. New Wood-work
four coats are required-
receiving, coating,
knotting, stopping
2. Repainting old Wood-
work
to fill cracks or blisters

21. 3. New ironwork &
steelwork
surface should be free
from rust, dust, dirt etc.
Also anticorrosive paints
should be selected
4. Repainting old
ironwork & steelwork
refinishing the old iron to
make them shine and last
longer
Painting on different
Surfaces

22. 5. Galvanized ironwork
As the paint will not adhere to
their surface of galvanized
ironwork, some treatment is to
be given to the surface before
a priming coat is applied
6. Metals
surface should be free from
rust, dust, dirt etc.
Painting on different
Surfaces

23. 7. Plastered surfaces
successful application of
paint requires minimum of
an overnight drying time
8. Concrete surfaces
clean surface with soap,
remove oily/greasy areas with
TSP, apply concrete patch on
cracks if any, check weather
for outdoor painting
Painting on different
Surfaces

24. Failure of Paints
1. Bad Work-
man-ship
it is in the habit of
habit paint
2. Conditions for
painting-
moisture, dust, dirt
should not get
trapped. Temperature
condition should be
maintained
3. Moisture-
in newly
constructed building
the water used for
masonry takes long
time to evaporate

25. 4. Salts &
Alkalis
they saponify the
paints
5. Unsuitable
surfaces
Friable
contaminated
weathered
deteriorated
surface repainted
without taking
proper remedial
measures
6. Wrong choice
of paint
paint should be
compatible with
base coat. Also it
should be suitable
to environment to
which it is exposed
Failure of Paints

26. Defects in Painting
1. Blistering
caused by water
vapours trapped
behind the painted
surface.
2. Bloom
formation of dull
patches on finished
polished surfaces

27. 3. Fading
- gradual loss of color
4. Flaking
- small portion of
painted surface seen
loose
Defects in Painting

28. 5. Flashing
glossy patches seen
on the painted
surface due to poor
workmanship.
6. Grinning
final coat of paint has
no efficient opacity
and background is
clearly seen
Defects in Painting

29. 7. Running
paint runs back and
leaves small patch of
surface uncovered
8. Sagging
when a vertical or
inclined surface is too
thickly painted
Defects in Painting

30. 9. Saponification
formation of soap
patches
10.Wrinkling
horizontal surface is
too thickly painted
Defects in Painting

31. Varnishing
• Term ‘varnish’ indicates the solution of resins or
resinous substances prepared either in alcohol, oil
or turpentine

32. Reasons to apply varnish
• Brightens the appearance of grain in wood
• Renders brilliancy to the painted surface
• Protects painted surface from atmospheric actions
• Protects unpainted wooden surface from actions
of atmospheric agencies

33. Ingredients of Varnish
1. Resins : commonly used ones are copal mastic, amber gum and
lac.
2. Solvents : these must suit the resins used
3. Driers : these should be added only in small quantities.

34. Types of Varnish
1. Oil varnish
they use linseed oil as solvent in which hard resins are dissolved.
2. Spirit Varnish
they are methylated spirits of wine as solvent in which soft resins are
dissolved

35. 3. Turpentine Varnish
use turpentine as solvent in which soft resins are dissolved
4. Water varnish
they are formed by dissolving shellac in hot water using enough
quantity of ammonia, borax, potash etc
Types of Varnish

36. Distempering
 It is mainly applied on plastered surfaces to
maintain its smoothness.
 They are cheaper than paints and varnishes
 They present a neat appearance

37. Properties of Distemper
 On drying the film of distemper shrinks
 Coatings are usually thick
 The film developed by distemper are porous
 Generally light in color
 Less durable than oil paints
 Treated as water paints
 Can be applied on brickwork, cement plastered
surface, insulating boards
 Exhibit poor workability
 Prove to be unsatisfactory in damp locations such as
kitchen , bathroom

38. Ingredients of Distemper
• Composed of Base, Carrier, Coloring pigments and
Size
• Base : Whitening or Chalk
• Carrier: Water
• Available in Powder/Paste Form

39. Process of Distemper
Step 1: Preparation of surface
• Spots of efflorescence should be wiped off
• Surface should be dried completely
• Holes/cracks should be filled up with lime
• Old distemper coating ,if any, should be removed by washing with
water
Step 2: Priming Coat
• After preparation of the surface a priming coat is applied to ensure
good bound between the distemper coat and the surface
Step 3: Coats of Distemper
• After priming coat first coat of distemper is applied on the surface.
• First coat should be of light tint and applied with great care

41. White-Washing
• Surface should be cleaned before work is started
• Sometimes used for exterior surfaces
• Satisfactory works gives an opaque smooth
surface with uniform white color

42. Color-washing
• Prepared by adding colored pigment to the
screened whitewash
• Applied same as whitewash
• Imparts more cleanliness and pleasant appearance
to the surfaces