Acoustics in a broadcasting studio.

1. BROADCASTING STUDIO
Presented by – Azleen Kazi

2. Introduction :
 Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content to
a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications
medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum
(radio waves) in a one-to-many model.
Broadcasting studio is a studio where broadcasts originate.

3. Broadcasting began with AM radio,
which came into popular use around
1920 with the spread of vaccum tube
radio transmittors and receivers.
 Over the air broadcasting is usually
associated with radio and television,
though in recent years both radio and
television transmission have begun to be
distributed by cable (cable television).
The field of broadcasting includes both
government – managed services such as public
radio, community radio and public television and
private commercial radio and commercial
television.
Introduction:

4. Studio Types
Four types of sound broadcasting studios whose functions are different are
found in most broadcasting centres.
These studios include:
(i) Music studio
(ii) Variety show studio
(iii) Drama studio
(iv) Talks studio

5. Planning :-
 Each of these studios are planned with high noise insulation
precautions to limit any air-borne or impact sound transmission from
the internal and external noise sources.
 A large sound transmission loss of sound produced within the studio is
also required to attain a quiet ambient acoustic environment between
it and its neighbouring spaces.
SÂO PAULO, BRAZIL: ESPM, one of Brazil's premiere
institutes of higher learning has inaugurated a
cutting edge Broadcasting Studio.

7. Music Studio size and
number of performers.
(Parkin & Humphreys
London 1969 ).
Number of Performers Minimum Studio Volume
4 42 m³
8 110 m³
16 340 m³
32 850 m³
64 2300 m³
128 6200 m³

8. Recommended reverberation time for broadcast
and television studios.

9. Building Materials used for Recording and
Broadcasting Studio
 PARTITION WALLS :
1. For low frequencies : 3 mm teak – ply with 50 mm air gap
and 25 mm glass- wool.
2. For middle frequencies : 5 mm perforated hard – board
with 50 mm glass – wool and 3 mm ply.
3. For high frequencies : 12 mm perforated particle – board
with 50 mm glass - wool and 3 mm ply

10.  FALSE CEILING :
1. Keep 1200-1500 mm air-gap between the concrete slab and the false-
ceiling.
2. Use 10 mm ply-wood for false-ceiling with 50 mm battens and seal the
edges properly.
3. Use wooden-carpet for music.
Building Materials used for Recording and
Broadcasting Studio

11. Recording Studio Treatment
RPG hemiffusors
Bass trap
Fabric wrapped panel

12. Building Materials used for Recording and
Broadcasting Studio
 WALLS :
1. Panels should be staggered and should not
be opposite to each other.
2. All power switches should be at the entrance
in sound-lock-lobby.
3. High degree of isolation from external noise
and vibrations needed ~ 78dB.
4. Separate design considerations of spaces for
singers, musicians, listeners, actors, etc. are
needed.

13. Bass Trap :
1. Bass traps are acoustic energy
absorbers which are designed to
damp low frequency sound
energy.
2. They are commonly used
in recording studios, mastering
rooms, home theatres and other
rooms built to provide a critical
listening environment.
3. Like all acoustically absorptive
devices, they function by turning
sound energy into heat through
friction.
Building Materials used for Recording and
Broadcasting Studio

14. CATEGORIES OF BASS TRAP
Panel
Absorber
Helmholtz
Resonator
Bass
Trap

15. Panel Absorber
1. A simple panel resonator can be built
to hang on a wall by building a
wooden frame, adding several inches
of mineral wool to the inside, and
fitting a sheet of plywood over the
top attached only at the edges.
2. A small gap should be left between
the panel and the acoustic insulation
so that the panel is free to
resonate(the quality in a sound of
being deep, full and reverberating).
3. Approximate full sheet [4' × 8']
plywood panel resonances when
mounted on a 1×4 frame 3.5" deep
are:
1/8" plywood = 150 Hz
1/4" plywood = 110 Hz
3/8" plywood = 87 Hz

16. Panel Absorber

17. Helmholtz resonator
1. Other common resonating bass
traps are form of the Helmholtz
resonator—which is a container
of gas(usually air) with an open
hole (or neck or port)
2. A volume of air in and near the
open hole vibrates because of
the springiness of the air inside.

18. Absorption
Listening position
Bass traps
Bass traps
Bass traps
Pyramid wedge
foam sheet

19.  For Radio Studio :
1. Announcer’s Booth : for news
cast, narration, commentries, etc.
2. Area needed ~ 14m² ; R. T. ~ 0.32
sec.
3. Talk and discussion : space
needed for 2-3 person. Area
needed ~ 47m²
4. Drama and music : space for 8-10
people and additional space for
movement of actors.
Area needed ~ 140 to 370 m².

20.  TV studio – 1400 m²
1. Special sections for production and control room, sound and light
control room etc. are needed.
2. These rooms are grouped in a suit, often located one story higher than
the second-floor.
3. Separate recording room and control room essential.

21. Broadcasting Studio :
1. ACN (Atlantis Cable Network)
-a fictional news channel on the American HBO
drama television series.
2. Riggro Digital Internet Broadcasting India
-radio broadcaster
3. Prasar Bharati
-broadcasting corporation of india.
4. Cineom Broadcast India Pvt. Ltd.
- Corporate Office.
5. All India Radio.