This slide is about maintaning hazards in your area

1. 3 STEPS IN
MANAGING
HEALTH AND
SAFETY AT
WORD

2. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
SPOT THE HAZARD
Key point: A hazard is anything that could hurt you or
someone else.
Examples of workplace hazards include:
• frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock)
• boxes stacked precariously (they could fall on
someone)
• noisy machinery (could result in damage to your
hearing)
During work experience, you must remain alert to
anything that may be dangerous. If you see, hear or

3. Assess The Risk
Key point: Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a
hazard will harm someone and how serious the harm could be.
Whenever you spot a hazard, assess the risk by asking yourself two
questions:
how likely is it that the hazard could harm me or someone else?
how badly could I or someone else be harmed?
Always tell someone (your employer, your supervisor or your health and
safety
representative) about hazards you can't fix yourself, especially if the
hazard could cause serious harm to anyone.
For example:
ask your supervisor for instructions and training before using equipment
ask for help moving or lifting heavy objects
tell your supervisor if you think a work practice could be dangerous
If you are not sure of the safest way to do something on work

4. Make Changes
Key point: It is your employer's responsibility to fix
hazards. Sometimes you may be able to fix simple
hazards yourself, as long as you don't put yourself or
others at risk. For example, you can pick up things from
the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip hazard.
The best way to fix a hazard is to get rid of it
altogether. This is not always possible, but your
employer should try to make hazards less dangerous
by looking at the following options (in order from most
effective to least effective):

5. Elimination - Sometimes hazards - equipment, substances or work practices - can
be avoided entirely. (e.g. Clean high windows from the ground with an extendable
pole cleaner, rather than by climbing a ladder and risking a fall.)
Substitution - Sometimes a less hazardous thing, substance or work practice can be
used. (e.g. Use a non-toxic glue instead of a toxic glue.)
Isolation - Separate the hazard from people, by marking the hazardous area, fitting
screens or putting up safety barriers. (e.g. Welding screens can be used to isolate
welding operations from other workers. Barriers and/or boundary lines can be used to
separate areas where forklifts operate near pedestrians in the workplace.)
Safeguards - Safeguards can be added by modifying tools or equipment, or fitting
guards to machinery. These must never be removed or disabled by workers using
the equipment.
Instructing workers in the safest way to do something - This means developing
and enforcing safe work procedures. Students on work experience must be given
information and instruction and must follow agreed procedures to ensure their safety.
Using personal protective equipment and clothing (PPE) - If risks remain after
the options have been tried, it may be necessary to use equipment such as safety
glasses, gloves, helmets and ear muffs. PPE can protect you from hazards
associated with jobs such as handling chemicals or working in a noisy environment.
Sometimes, it will require more than one of the risk control measures above to

6. RISK ASSESSMENT
● Determine who might be harmed and how
● As you look around your organization, think about how your employees could be harmed
by business activities or external factors. For every hazard that you identify in step one,
think about who will be harmed should the hazard take place.
● Evaluate the risks and take precautions
● Now that you have gathered a list of potential hazards, you need to consider how likely it is
that the hazard will occur and how severe the consequences will be if that hazard occurs.
This evaluation will help you determine where you should reduce the level of risk and
which hazards you should prioritize first.
● Later in this article, you'll learn how you can create a risk assessment chart to help you
through this process.
● Record your findings
● If you have more than five employees in your office, you are required by law to write down
your risk assessment process. Your plan should include the hazards you’ve found, the
people they affect, and how you plan to mitigate them. The record—or the risk assessment
plan—should show that you:
• Conducted a proper check of your workspace
• Determined who would be affected
• Controlled and dealt with obvious hazards
• Initiated precautions to keep risks low
• Kept your staff involved in the process

7. RISK CONTROL
1.Eliminate the Hazard-
Elimination of the hazard is not always achievable though it does totally remove the
hazard and thereby eliminates the risk of exposure. An example of this would be that
petrol station attendants in Ireland are no longer exposed to the risk of chronic lead
poisoning following the removal of lead from petrol products sold at forecourts.
2. Substitute the hazard with a lesser risk-
Substituting the hazard may not remove all of the hazards associated with the process or
activity and may introduce different hazards but the overall harm or health effects
will be lessened. In laboratory research, toluene is now often used as a substitute for
benzene. The solvent-properties of the two are similar but toluene is less toxic and is
not categorised as a carcinogen although toluene can cause severe neurological
harm.

8. 3. Isolate the hazard-
Isolating the hazard is achieved by restricting access to plant and
equipment or in the case of substances locking them away under
strict controls. When using certain chemicals then a fume cupboard
can isolate the hazard from the person, similarly placing noisy
equipment in a non-accessible enclosure or room isolates the hazard
from the person(s).
4. Use engineering controls-
Engineering Controls involve redesigning a process to place a barrier
between the person and the hazard or remove the hazard from the
person, such as machinery guarding, proximity guarding, extraction
systems or removing the operator to a remote location away from the
hazard.

9. 5. Use administrative controls-
Administrative controls include adopting standard operating procedures or safe work
practices or providing appropriate training, instruction or information to reduce the
potential for harm and/or adverse health effects to person(s). Isolation and permit to work
procedures are examples of administrative controls.
6. Use personal protective equipment-
Personal protective equipment (PPE) include gloves, glasses, earmuffs, aprons, safety
footwear, dust masks which are designed to reduce exposure to the hazard. PPE is usually
seen as the last line of defence and is usually used in conjunction with one or more of the
other control measures. An example of the weakness of this control measure is that it is
widely recognised that single-use dust masks cannot consistently achieve and maintain an
effective facepiece-to-face seal, and cannot be adequately fit-tested and do not offer
much, if any real protection against small particulates and may lead to a false sense of
security and increase risk. In such instances an extraction system with fitted respirators
may be preferable where the hazard may have significant health effects from low levels of
exposure such as using isocyante containing chemicals.

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