A curcuminoid is a linear diarylheptanoid molecules. Curcuminoid have 3 derivatives curcumin, demethoxycurcumin & bisdemethoxycurcumin. These compounds are natural phenols and produce a pronounced yellow color. Due to less solubility curcumin derivatives are synthesized to increase their solubility and hence bioavailability. Curcuminoids are soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone and ethanol but are poorly soluble in lipids. surfactants or co-surfactants used to increase solubility. Curcumin is mainly produced in industry as pigment by using turmeric oleoresin. After the isolation of the curcuminoids, the extract which is about 75% liquor mainly contains oil & resin. Curcumin is the strongest antioxidant, demethoxycurcumin the second strongest and bisdemethoxycurcumin the least effective The curcuminoids are capable of inhibiting damage to super coiled plasmid DNA by hydroxyl radicals. The derivatives of curcumin are good in trapping the 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical. Curcumin is an active anti-cancer molecule against cancers of brain, breast, bones, blood, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, as well as thoracic and gynecological cancers. It regulates numerous receptors, kinases, growth factors, transcriptional factors, and inflammatory cytokines. It inhibits mammalian nuclear factor κappa B cell (NF-κB) by preventing its translocation to the nucleus. This inhibitory action upregulates the levels of preapoptotic and apoptotic cells, eliminating damaged cells, and discouraging abnormal growth patterns, as well as decreasing chemokine levels. Activated NF-κB is associated with oxidative stress, Inhibition of the nuclear factor by curcumin is consistent with the chemical’s role as an antioxidant. A homologous system to NF-κB signaling exists in plants Evidence that curcumin may play a similar role in C. longa as it does in humans. NF-κB is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, heavy metals, ultraviolet, irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection

1. CURCUMINOID
AYUSH MISHRA
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED AGRICULTURE
FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB, BATHINDA
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2. INTRODUCTION
 A curcuminoid is a linear diarylheptanoid molecules.
 Curcuminoid have 3 derivatives curcumin, demethoxycurcumin &
bisdemethoxycurcumin
 These compounds are natural phenols and produce a pronounced
yellow color.
 Due to less solubility curcumin derivatives are synthesized to
increase their solubility and hence bioavailability
 Curcuminoids are soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone and
ethanol but are poorly soluble in lipids. surfactants or co-surfactants
used to increase solubility.
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3. STRUCTURE
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CURCUMIN [SOURCE - BKChem]
BISDEMETHOXYCURCUMIN [SOURCE- DMACKCHEM]
DEMETHOXYCURCUMIN
[Sotanaphun, U.; Phattanawasin, P.; Sriphong, L. (2009)]

4. DISSOLUTION OF CURCUMINOID
 Dissolution of curcuminoid derivatives greatest in the
hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPγCD) cavity. (D+Glucopyranose)
 The curcuminoids which have a substituent connected to the
phenyl groups show more affinity for the HPγCD compound
 The derivatives are usually more stable than curcumin against
hydrolysis in cyclodextrin solution. No covalent bonds are present
between the cyclodextrins and the curcuminoids so they are
easily released from the complex by simple solvent effects.
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5. MICELLES & NANOPARTICLES
 The curcuminoids would be in complex with the core of the
micelles similar to the complex inside the cyclodextrins.
 The micelles are dissolved in a suitable solvent where the
headgroups of the micelles interact with the solvent.
 Curcuminoids as loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been
developed with great success by using microemulsion technique
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6. SLN ADVANTAGES
 The advantages of SLN are the possibilities of controlled drug
release and drug targeting.
 Protect incorporated compound against chemical degradation
 No biotoxicity of the carrier,
 Avoidance of organic solvent
 No problems in large scale production.
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7. ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY
 The curcumin derivatives demethoxycurcumin
bisdemethoxycurcumin, curcumin itself have been tested for
their antioxidant activities in vitro.
 Commercially available curcuminoid contains
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79%
18%
3%
CURCUMA LONGA
CURCUMIN
DEMETHOXY
BISDEMETHOXY

8.  Curcumin is mainly produced in industry as pigment by using
turmeric oleoresin.
 After the isolation of the curcuminoids, the extract which is about
75% liquor mainly contains oil & resin.
 Curcumin is the strongest antioxidant, demethoxycurcumin the
second strongest and bisdemethoxycurcumin the least effective
 The curcuminoids are capable of inhibiting damage to super
coiled plasmid DNA by hydroxyl radicals.
 The derivatives of curcumin are good in trapping the 2,2-
diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical.
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9. ROLE IN CANCER RESEARCH
 Curcumin is an active anti-cancer molecule against cancers of brain,
breast, bones, blood, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, as well
as thoracic and gynecological cancers.
 It regulates numerous receptors, kinases, growth factors,
transcriptional factors, and inflammatory cytokines.
 It inhibits mammalian nuclear factor κappa B cell (NF-κB) by
preventing its translocation to the nucleus.
 This inhibitory action upregulates the levels of preapoptotic and
apoptotic cells, eliminating damaged cells, and discouraging
abnormal growth patterns, as well as decreasing chemokine levels.
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10.  Activated NF-κB is associated with oxidative stress,
 Inhibition of the nuclear factor by curcumin is consistent with the
chemical’s role as an antioxidant.
 A homologous system to NF-κB signaling exists in plants
 Evidence that curcumin may play a similar role in C. longa as it
does in humans.
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11. NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer
of activated B cells
 It is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA,
cytokine production and cell survival.
 NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in
cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free
radicals, heavy metals, ultraviolet, irradiation, oxidized LDL, and
bacterial or viral antigens.
 NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to
infection
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12.  Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to
 Cancer,
 Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases,
 Septic shock,
 Viral infection,
 Improper immune development
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13. NF-κB protein structure
 There are two structural classes of NF-κB proteins:
 class I and class II .
 Both classes of proteins contain a N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD),
 It serves as a dimerization interface to other NF-κB transcription factors and, in
addition, binds to the inhibitory IκBα protein.
 The C-terminus of class I proteins contains a number of ankyrin repeats and
has transrepression activity.
 In contrast, the C-terminus of class II proteins has a transactivation function.
 Ankyrin is 33-residue protein (2α helices separated by loop) in yeast CDC10 &
Drosophila notch)
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SOURCE – KYPHARMACY1983

14. CONCLUSION
The Curcumin & Curcumin derivatives are not soluble in water &
lipid; thus for drug/pharmaceutical application it must be converted
into SLN.
As curcumin is an antioxidant it inhibit the action of NF-κB & free
radicals to prevent cancer.
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15. REFERENCES
 Tomren MA, Másson M, Loftsson T,Tønnesen HH (June 2007).
"Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids’’.
 Tiyaboonchai W, Tungpradit W, Plianbangchang P (June 2007).
"Formulation and characterization of curcuminoids loaded solid lipid
nanoparticles’’.
 Jayaprakasha GK, Rao LJ, Sakariah KK (2006). "Antioxidant activities of
curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin".
 Anand P, Sundaram C, Jhurani S, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB
(August 2008). "Curcumin and cancer’’.
 Gilmore TD (October 2006). "Introduction to NF-κB: players, pathways,
perspectives".
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16. THANK YOU
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