2. What are antibiotics?
The word antibiotic comes from the
Greek anti meaning 'against'
and bios meaning 'life‘
' Antibiotics are also known as
antibacterials.
3.
Drugs used to treat infections caused by
bacteria.
An antibacterial is a compound or substance
that kills or slows down the growth
of bacteria
4. How Antibiotics work?
Many mechanism:
1. inhibiting cell wall growth and
synthesis.
2.Alter ribosomal function by
inhibiting protein synthesis.
3. Interfere with replication of
DNA or RNA.
5.
4. Drugs block the metabolic
pathway essential for the life of the
micro-organism.
5. Disruption of the cell membrane
permeability.
6. What’s antibiotic
resistance?
Occurs when an antibiotic has lost
its ability to effectively control or
kill bacterial growth.
The bacteria are "resistant" and
continue to multiply in the presence
of therapeutic levels of an antibiotic.
9. How bacteria get resistance
to Antibiotics??
Mechanisms:
1. Production of drug-inactivation
enzymes.
2. Structural modification of
antibiotic target site.
3. Anaerobic bacteria are resistant to
the actions of Aminoglycosides
10.
4.Altered uptake of antibiotics>>
resulting in decreased
permeability, increased efflux.
5. Development of alternative
metabolic pathways.
12.
1. Antibiotic resistance kills.
2. Antibiotic resistance impedes the control
of infectious agents.
3. with the problem of Antibiotic
resistance progressing.. Threats increase
to return to the pre-antibiotic era!
13.
4. Resistance of infectious agents to
antibiotics, increases the costs of health
care.
5. Jeopardizes health-care gains to society.
6. Threatens health security, and damages
trade and economies.
15. Causes of Antibiotic resistance
spreading;
1. Doctors who have become slave of
habit.
2. prescribing>> without checking for the
antibiotic sensitivity tests and also using
broad spectrum antibiotics.
3. Cultural conceptions and patients
demands.
4.Antibiotics are on the-counter drugs.
16. 5. poverty
6. Patient compliance
7.The enormous growth
of global trade and
travel
•“Trade and travel have increased the speed and
facility with which both infectious diseases and
resistant microorganisms can spread between
continents.”
17.
8.Antibiotic use in food production
and animal care
In several parts of the world, more
than 50% in tonnage of all antimicrobial
production is used in food-producing
animals.
23. React- Action on Antibiotic Resistance
•An international initiative with its base
in Sweden
•Goal to reduce the development on
antibiotic resistance
• www.reactgroup.org
24. START
Student’s Targeting Antibiotic
Resistance Today!
PUTITNG A SOTP TO ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANCE!
26.
An IFMSA group.
Established>> December 2011
Cecilia Kållberg >>>Sweden
Jannie Dressler >>>Denmark
About 50 members, from 29
different countries!
27. START structure
Webpage group
Presentation/campaign group
Article group
Connections to stakeholders
Policy Statement group
28. Short-term goals:
1. To educate and raise awareness.
To create awareness about the topic/ to
educate people on the hazards of
indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
To prevent the consicuances.
29.
2. To create material
To create material that could be used
by students when educating others
To produce material that could be
used beside presentations (posters
etc.)
30.
To share standard treatment
guidelines amongst students at our
universities
To conduct a survey on physicians
knowledge about antibiotics and
antibiotic resistance (se point 3 on
the agenda)
31. Long-term goals:
1.To engage other groups.
a. To ask med faculties to add
classes on the subject
b. To ask hospitals to educate their
employees also
32. How to start locally…
1.START>> gathering a group of interested students
and members of IFMSA… also doctors
2.Activities>>Seminars, Workshops…etc.
3.Data collecting…surveys
1.>>> B-lactamase enzyme that destroysPencillins and Cephalosporins.2.>>>receptor protein on the 30s ribosomal subunit may be deleted or altered as some aminoglycosides can’t combine with the bacteria, as enterococci.3.>>> absence of o2 dependant membranes
4.>>> gram –ve bacillus can induce some special proteins to block porin channels in cell wall, and prevnt the influx of tetracyclines.5.>>> bac. Produce folic acid, by another pathway to become resistant to sulfonamides.
1.Somem.o. becoming resistance against antibiotics resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death2. AMR reduces the effectiveness of treatment because patients remain infectious for longer, thus potentially spreading resistant microorganisms to others.3. Many infectious diseases risk becoming uncontrollable
4.When infections become resistant to first-line medicines, more expensive therapies must be used. The longer duration of illness and treatment, often in hospitals, increases health-care costs and the financial burden to families and societies.5. The achievements of modern medicine are put at risk by AMR. Without effective antimicrobials for care and prevention of infections, the success of treatments such as organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy and major surgery would be compromised.6. The growth of global trade and travel allows resistant microorganisms to be spread rapidly to distant countries and continents.
q. Slave of habit: Doctors follow the old ways, it is easier to continue to treat the way you're used to than to absorb new information. Also, I think it's good to point out that a large proportion of medical school (especially during the AT and ST) is to learn from older colleagues. Therefore, there is some risk that we pick up bad habits of physicians who do not update their treatment if we are not on us andkeep us updated3. Culture and the patient's requirements: Many patients "know" that antibiotics cureinfections, and if a doctor denies them that they go to someone willing to give them antibiotics.3.Ppl not having the money to by the full dose of the drug or using low quality antibiotics
4…Patient compliance: Finally, one should also mention that, although correct information was given and the drug is prescribed appropriately, there is a tendency in most countries not to do as you were told (people forget what you said, misunderstand references or just want orcan not eat medicine>>>easilyunderdose and develop resistance.
Finally, a picture that addresses the need for better sanitary conditions and that in that way can go far to counteract development of resistance. It is important to remember that preventive measures often cost less and are just as effective when working with health problems.
--pls be with me and think about you…you being a doctor…patient comes to you with a dangerous infectious diss….but you can’t find a single antibiotic to prescribe for the patient to be cure??Imagine the situation,,, feel the situation…would you, by any chance want that???Well, we would not be more late to start action on the subject and do actual plans about it…..
