Continuous miner by auqib Javed.pptx

Continuous miner refers to a type of underground mining equipment that is designed to extract coal from the seam
using a combination of cutting and excavation techniques. This type of miner is typically used in mines where the
coal seam varies in hardness and the material is difficult to cut through.
by Auqib javed
Email ✉️ - auqibjaved9@gmail.com
Mobile No - +917247534950

Underground mining machinery refers to the equipment used in the underground
mining process to extract coal, minerals, and other valuable resources from the
earth. Some examples of underground mining machinery include:
1. Continuous miners: These machines are used to cut and remove coal and other
materials from the mine. They have a rotating cutting head and conveyor
system that transports the mined material to the surface.
2. Roof bolters: These machines are used to secure the mine’s roof and prevent
cave-ins. They drill holes into the mine’s ceiling and then insert bolts to hold it
in place.
3. Shuttle cars: These vehicles are used to transport coal and other materials from
the mine to the surface. They are equipped with conveyor systems to move the
material.

4. Longwall mining systems: These systems are used to extract coal in a continuous
manner. They consist of a cutting head, conveyor system, and armored face
conveyor.
5. Load-haul-dump (LHD) vehicles: These machines are used to load, haul, and
dump material in underground mines. They are equipped with a bucket or scoop to
load material and a dump body to transport it.
6. Underground drilling equipment: This equipment is used to drill holes for
blasting, ventilation, and other purposes.
7. Underground communication and tracking systems: These systems are used to
communicate and track the location of workers and equipment in the mine.
8. Underground ventilation systems: These systems are used to control the air
quality and temperature in the mine, and to remove harmful gases.

Continuous miners are machines used in underground mining to extract coal and other
materials from the mine. They work by cutting and removing the material from the
mine in a continuous process. They are equipped with a rotating cutting head that is
able to cut through the coal seam, and a conveyor system that transports the mined
material to the surface.
These machines have different types of cutter heads, such as a drum-cutter, chain-
cutter, or disk-cutter, that are used to cut through different types of materials. They also
come in different sizes and are designed to work in various mining conditions, such as
narrow or wide seams, soft or hard coal, and varying roof heights.
Continuous miners are operated by a remote control system or by an operator who sits
in the cab of the machine. They are equipped with various safety features, such as
sensors to detect gas levels or the proximity of other equipment and personnel.
Continuous miners are highly productive, able to cut and move large amounts of
material in a short period of time. They are used in both underground coal and hard
rock mines, and are a key component of modern underground mining operations.

Different types of cutter heads are used in continuous miners to cut through different
types of materials.
 Drum cutter: A drum cutter is a rotary cutting head that is equipped with cutting
teeth. It is typically used to cut soft materials such as coal, salt, and potash.
 Chain cutter: A chain cutter is a cutting head that is equipped with chains that have
cutting teeth. It is typically used to cut through harder materials such as rock and
hard coal.
 Disk cutter: A disk cutter is a cutting head that is equipped with disks that have
cutting teeth. It is typically used to cut through materials such as coal, salt, and
potash, and can also be used in hard rock mining.
 Combination cutter: Some continuous miners are equipped with a combination cutter
that can be used to cut through both soft and hard materials. It typically includes a
drum cutter and a chain cutter that can be used together or separately.

The selection of the cutter head depends on the specific mining conditions, the type
of material being mined, and the mining company’s preference. The drum cutter is
more efficient in soft materials and the chain cutter in hard materials and rock. The
disk cutter is versatile and can be used in both hard and soft materials.

A drum cutter is a cutting head that is used on continuous miners for cutting soft
materials such as coal, salt, and potash. It is a rotary cutting head that is equipped
with cutting teeth or disks on its circumference. The drum cutter rotates at a high
speed and cuts through the material as it moves forward and backward.
The drum cutter is typically used in mines where the coal seam is soft and easy to
cut through. It is also used in mines where the roof is low and the space is tight.
The drum cutter is more efficient in cutting soft materials as compared to chain
cutter and disk cutter.
The drum cutter can be used in both underground and surface mining applications.
It can be used to cut soft materials such as coal, salt, and potash, and it can also be
used to cut through materials such as rock and hard coal.
Overall, the drum cutter is a versatile and efficient cutting head that can be used in
a variety of mining conditions. Its ability to cut through soft materials makes it an
essential tool for extracting coal and other valuable resources from the earth.

A chain cutter is a cutting head that is used on continuous miners for cutting hard
materials such as rock and hard coal. It is equipped with chains that have cutting teeth
or disks. The chain cutter moves forward and backward cutting the material as it goes.
The chain cutter is typically used in mines where the coal seam is hard and the material
is difficult to cut through. It is also used in mines where the roof is high and the space is
wide. The chain cutter is more efficient in cutting hard materials as compared to drum
cutter and disk cutter.
The chain cutter can be used in both underground and surface mining applications. It
can be used to cut through materials such as rock, hard coal, and other hard materials.
It is typically used in mines where the material is harder to cut through and requires
more power and force to break it down.
Overall, the chain cutter is a powerful and efficient cutting head that can be used in a
variety of mining conditions. Its ability to cut through hard materials makes it an
essential tool for extracting coal and other valuable resources from the earth.

A disk cutter is a cutting head that is used on continuous miners for cutting hard
materials such as rock and hard coal. It is equipped with multiple disks that have
cutting teeth or edges. The disks rotate at a high speed and cut through the material as
the machine moves forward and backward.
The disk cutter is typically used in mines where the coal seam is hard and the material
is difficult to cut through. It is also used in mines where the roof is high and the space is
wide. The disk cutter is more efficient in cutting hard materials as compared to drum
cutter and chain cutter.
The disk cutter can be used in both underground and surface mining applications. It can
be used to cut through materials such as rock, hard coal, and other hard materials. It is
typically used in mines where the material is harder to cut through and requires more
power and force to break it down.
Overall, the disk cutter is a powerful and efficient cutting head that can be used in a
variety of mining conditions. Its ability to cut through hard materials makes it an
essential tool for extracting coal and other valuable resources from the earth. It is also
known for being more durable than the other cutting heads, making it more reliable and
cost-effective in the long run.

A combination cutter is a cutting head that is used on continuous miners for cutting both soft and
hard materials. It is equipped with a combination of cutting elements such as drum cutter, chain
cutter, and disk cutter. The combination cutter rotates and moves forward and backward, cutting
through the material as it goes.
The combination cutter is typically used in mines where the coal seam can vary in hardness and
the material is difficult to cut through. It is also used in mines where the roof is high and the
space is wide. The combination cutter can be more efficient in cutting both soft and hard materials
as compared to using separate cutting head for each type of material.
The combination cutter can be used in both underground and surface mining applications. It can
be used to cut through materials such as rock, hard coal, soft coal, salt and potash. It is typically
used in mines where the material is harder to cut through and requires more power and force to
break it down.
Overall, the combination cutter is a powerful and efficient cutting head that can be used in a
variety of mining conditions. Its ability to cut through both soft and hard materials makes it an
essential tool for extracting coal and other valuable resources from the earth. It is also known for
being more versatile and reliable, making it more cost-effective in the long run.

Continuous miners come in different sizes and are designed to work in a variety of
mining conditions. They can range in size from small, compact machines that are used
in narrow seams, to large, heavy-duty machines that are used in wide seams and hard
rock mining.
The size of the continuous miner depends on the mining conditions, such as the width of
the coal seam, the height of the roof, and the type of material being mined. Smaller
continuous miners can work in narrow seams and low roofs, while larger machines are
used in wide seams and high roofs.
Some continuous miners are also designed to work in specific mining conditions, such as
in mines with high water tables or in mines with challenging geology. They are equipped
with specialized features such as water pumps, ventilation systems, and sensors to help
them operate effectively in these conditions.
The choice of the continuous miner also depends on the mining company’s preference
and the budget. Larger machines are more efficient but also more expensive, while
smaller machines are less efficient but more affordable.

Continuous miners are designed to work in various mining conditions, including narrow
or wide seams, soft or hard coal, and varying roof heights.
1. Narrow seams: Continuous miners that are designed to work in narrow seams are
typically smaller in size and have a compact design. They are equipped with a
narrow cutting head and conveyor system that allows them to maneuver in tight
spaces. These machines are used in mines where the coal seam is less than 3 meters
wide.
2. Wide seams: Continuous miners that are designed to work in wide seams are
typically larger in size and have a more heavy-duty design. They are equipped with
a wider cutting head and conveyor system that allows them to move more material
in a shorter period of time. These machines are used in mines where the coal seam
is more than 3 meters wide.
3. Soft coal: Continuous miners that are designed to work in soft coal are typically
equipped with a drum cutter or disk cutter. These cutting heads are designed to cut
through soft materials such as coal, salt, and potash.

4. Hard coal and rock: Continuous miners that are designed to work in hard coal
and rock are typically equipped with a chain cutter. These cutting heads are
designed to cut through harder materials such as rock and hard coal.
5. Varying roof heights: Continuous miners are also designed to work in mines with
varying roof heights. Some continuous miners are equipped with adjustable roof
supports that allow them to work in mines with low roofs, while others are equipped
with a telescoping conveyor system that allows them to work in mines with high
roofs.
Overall, the choice of the continuous miner depends on the specific mining
conditions and the mining company’s preference.

Narrow seams refer to underground coal mines where the coal seam is narrower than
the standard width. These mines typically have a coal seam width of less than 3 meters.
Narrow seams are more challenging to mine than wider seams due to the limited space
for mining equipment and the increased risk of coal or rock outbursts.
To mine narrow seams, mining companies typically use specialized mining equipment
such as continuous miners, Longwall mining systems, and plow systems. Continuous
miners with smaller cutting heads and conveyor systems are used to extract coal from
the seam, while Longwall mining systems and plow systems are used to extract coal in a
more efficient and cost-effective manner.
Mining in narrow seams also requires specialized techniques such as room and pillar
mining, which involves leaving pillars of coal to support the roof, and retreat mining,
which involves extracting coal from the pillars.
Overall, mining narrow seams is a challenging task that requires specialized equipment
and techniques. Mining companies need to invest in advanced technology and
equipment, as well as experienced personnel, to mine these seams safely and efficiently.

Wide seams refer to underground coal mines where the coal seam is wider than the
standard width. These mines typically have a coal seam width of more than 3 meters.
Wide seams are relatively easier to mine than narrower seams because they provide
more space for mining equipment and a lower risk of coal or rock outbursts.
To mine wide seams, mining companies typically use specialized mining equipment such
as continuous miners, longwall mining systems, and plow systems. Continuous miners
with larger cutting heads and conveyor systems are used to extract coal from the seam,
while longwall mining systems and plow systems are used to extract coal in a more
efficient and cost-effective manner.
Mining in wide seams also allows for more conventional mining techniques such as
longwall mining and room and pillar mining to be used. Longwall mining is a method of
mining that involves cutting a long horizontal slice of coal from the seam, while room
and pillar mining involves leaving pillars of coal to support the roof.
Overall, mining wide seams is relatively easier task compared to mining narrow seams
as they provide more space for mining equipment and a lower risk of coal or rock
outbursts. This allows mining companies to extract coal in a more efficient and cost-
effective manner and with less specialized equipment and techniques.

Soft coal refers to coal that is relatively easy to break down and has a low ash content.
Soft coal is typically composed of bituminous coal or sub-bituminous coal. It has a lower
heating value and burns more quickly than hard coal.
Soft coal is typically mined using continuous miners or longwall mining systems.
Continuous miners are equipped with drum cutters which are more efficient in cutting
soft materials. Longwall mining systems are also used to extract coal in a more efficient
and cost-effective manner.
Soft coal is also used as a fuel source in power plants, as well as in the production of
cement, and other industrial applications. It is also used as a domestic fuel, typically in
developing countries where the infrastructure for natural gas distribution is not well
developed.
Overall, soft coal is a valuable resource that is used for a variety of purposes. Its
relatively low ash content and easy to break down properties make it a preferred fuel
source for many industries, and mining companies need to invest in advanced
technology and equipment, as well as experienced personnel, to mine this type of coal
safely and efficiently.

Hard coal refers to coal that is relatively difficult to break down and has a high ash
content. Hard coal is typically composed of anthracite coal or metamorphic rock. It
has a higher heating value and burns more slowly than soft coal.
Hard coal is typically mined using continuous miners or longwall mining systems.
Continuous miners are equipped with chain cutters or disk cutters which are more
efficient in cutting hard materials. Longwall mining systems are also used to
extract coal in a more efficient and cost-effective manner.
Hard coal is also used as a fuel source in power plants, as well as in the production
of iron and steel. It is also used as a domestic fuel in some countries.
Hard rock refers to a type of rock that is relatively difficult to break down and has a
high compressive strength. Hard rock can be composed of various minerals such as
granite, basalt, and quartzite.

Hard rock is typically mined using continuous miners or drilling and blasting
methods. Continuous miners are equipped with chain cutters or disk cutters which
are more efficient in cutting hard materials. Drilling and blasting methods are also
used to extract hard rock in a more efficient and cost-effective manner.
Hard rock is also used in the construction industry for building materials such as
roads, bridges, and buildings. It is also used in the production of cement, and other
industrial applications.
Overall, hard coal and rock are valuable resources that are used for a variety of
purposes. Their relatively high ash content and hard-to-break-down properties
make them a preferred fuel source and building material for many industries, and
mining companies need to invest in advanced technology and equipment, as well as
experienced personnel, to mine this type of coal and rock safely and efficiently.

Varying roof heights refer to the different heights of the rock or soil above the coal seam in an
underground mine. Some areas of the mine may have a low roof, while others may have a high
roof. This can create challenges for mining equipment and personnel, as different types of
equipment and techniques may be required to safely and efficiently extract the coal from the mine.
In mines with low roofs, mining companies typically use specialized equipment such as continuous
miners with smaller cutting heads, and plow systems. These machines are designed to work in
tight spaces and are equipped with sensors to detect the proximity of the roof. Additionally, special
techniques such as room and pillar mining, which involves leaving pillars of coal to support the
roof, may be used.
In mines with high roofs, mining companies typically use specialized equipment such as
continuous miners with larger cutting heads, and longwall mining systems. These machines are
designed to work in larger spaces and can extract coal more efficiently than equipment used in
low-roof mines. Additionally, special techniques such as longwall mining, which involves cutting a
long horizontal slice of coal from the seam, may be used.
Overall, varying roof heights can create challenges for mining equipment and personnel, but with
the use of specialized equipment and techniques, mining companies can safely and efficiently
extract coal from the mine.

Continuous miners can be operated by a remote control system or by an operator who sits in the
cab of the machine.
1. Remote control system: Some continuous miners are equipped with a remote control system
that allows them to be operated remotely from a control room. This allows the operator to
control the machine from a safe distance, and it also allows for greater precision and control
over the mining process.
2. Operator in the cab: Other continuous miners are operated by an operator who sits in the cab
of the machine. This operator controls the machine directly and has a direct view of the
mining process. This type of operation is useful when the mining conditions are not suitable
for remote control, such as in tight spaces or in mines with poor visibility.
The choice of the operating method also depends on the mining company’s preference and the
budget. Remote control systems are more efficient but also more expensive, while operator in the
cab is less efficient but more affordable.
Overall, both operating methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of
the operating method depends on the specific mining conditions and the mining company’s
preference.

Remote control systems for continuous miners allow for the operation of the machine
from a safe distance, typically from a control room. This method of operation is
becoming increasingly popular as it allows for greater precision and control over the
mining process.
A remote control system typically includes a control panel with buttons and joysticks
that allow the operator to control the machine’s movements and functions. The control
panel is connected to the continuous miner by a wired or wireless connection, and the
operator can see the mining process through cameras mounted on the machine.
The benefits of remote control systems include:
 Greater safety as the operator is located in a control room away from the mining site.
 Greater precision and control over the mining process.
 Less physical strain on the operator.
 More efficient as the operator can operate multiple machines at the same time.

However, it also has some drawbacks such as:
 Higher initial cost for the equipment and installation.
 Dependence on technology and internet connection.
 Limited visibility of the mining process.
 Limited ability to respond to unexpected situations.
Overall, remote control systems for continuous miners offer many benefits,
including increased safety and improved efficiency, but also have some limitations.
The choice of the operating method depends on the specific mining conditions and
the mining company’s preference.

Operating a continuous miner with an operator in the cab is a traditional method of
operation where the operator controls the machine directly and has a direct view of
the mining process. This method of operation is useful in situations where the
mining conditions are not suitable for remote control, such as in tight spaces or in
mines with poor visibility.
An operator in the cab of a continuous miner typically sits in a cab that is located at
the front of the machine. The cab is equipped with a control panel that includes
buttons and joysticks that allow the operator to control the machine’s movements
and functions. The operator also has a direct view of the mining process through the
cab’s windows and cameras.

The benefits of operating a continuous miner with an operator in the cab include:
 Greater visibility of the mining process.
 Greater ability to respond to unexpected situations.
 Greater flexibility in terms of mining conditions.
However, it also has some drawbacks such as:
 Greater risk of accidents and injuries for the operator.
 Greater physical strain on the operator.
 Less efficient as the operator can only operate one machine at a time.
Overall, operating a continuous miner with an operator in the cab offers many
benefits, including increased visibility and flexibility, but also has some limitations.
The choice of the operating method depends on the specific mining conditions and
the mining company’s preference.

Continuous miners are equipped with various safety features to protect the
operator and other personnel, as well as to ensure the safe and efficient operation of
the machine.
Some of the safety features that may be included on continuous miners include:
 Gas sensors: These sensors detect the presence of harmful gases such as methane
and carbon monoxide in the mine. If gas levels become too high, the sensor will
trigger an alarm and shut down the machine to prevent an explosion.
 Proximity sensors: These sensors detect the presence of other equipment and
personnel in the vicinity of the continuous miner. If the machine gets too close to
another object, the sensor will trigger an alarm and stop the machine to prevent a
collision.
 Emergency stop buttons: These buttons allow the operator to quickly shut down
the machine in case of an emergency.

 Safety cameras: These cameras are mounted on the machine and provide the
operator with a view of the mining process. This allows the operator to see any
potential hazards and take appropriate action.
 Fire suppression systems: These systems are used to extinguish fires that may
occur on the continuous miner.
 Automatic ventilation systems: These systems are used to control the air quality
and temperature in the mine, and to remove harmful gases.
Overall, these safety features are designed to improve the safety of the operator and
other personnel, as well as to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the machine.

Gas sensors are devices used in underground mining to detect the presence of
harmful gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, and oxygen. These gases can be
dangerous to mine workers and can also cause explosions and fires. Gas sensors are
typically mounted on mining equipment such as continuous miners and longwall
mining systems, and are used to monitor the air quality in the mine.
Gas sensors typically use one of two methods to detect gases: electrochemical or
infrared. Electrochemical sensors use a chemical reaction to detect the presence of
gases, while infrared sensors use infrared light to detect the presence of gases.
Gas sensors are essential for the safety of mine workers and are used to detect the
presence of harmful gases before they reach dangerous levels. They are also used to
monitor the air quality in the mine, and to detect any leaks or releases of gases.

If the gas sensor detects harmful gases, an alarm will be activated, and the mine
workers will be evacuated. Additionally, the sensor can also trigger ventilation
systems to remove the harmful gases from the mine.
Overall, gas sensors are an essential safety feature in underground mines, as they
help to detect and prevent dangerous gas build-ups, and protect mine workers from
the harmful effects of these gases.

Proximity sensors are devices used in underground mining to detect the proximity
of other equipment and personnel. These sensors are typically mounted on mining
equipment such as continuous miners and longwall mining systems, and are used to
monitor the location of other equipment and personnel in the mine.
Proximity sensors use different technologies to detect the presence of other
equipment and personnel, such as ultrasonic, infrared, and radar. Ultrasonic
sensors use sound waves to detect the presence of other equipment and personnel,
infrared sensors use infrared light, and radar sensors use radio waves.
Proximity sensors are essential for the safety of mine workers and are used to
detect the presence of other equipment and personnel before they get too close.
They are also used to prevent collisions between equipment and to monitor the
location of personnel in the mine.

If the proximity sensor detects other equipment or personnel, an alarm will be
activated, and the mine workers will be alerted. Additionally, the sensor can also
trigger the mining equipment to stop or slow down to prevent collisions.
Overall, proximity sensors are an essential safety feature in underground mines, as
they help to detect and prevent collisions between equipment and personnel, and
protect mine workers from accidents. They also help to increase the efficiency and
productivity of the mining operations.

Emergency stop buttons are devices used in underground mining to quickly stop
mining equipment in case of an emergency. These buttons are typically located on
mining equipment such as continuous miners and longwall mining systems, and are
used to stop the equipment in case of an emergency situation.
Emergency stop buttons are typically large, red, and clearly labeled, making them
easy to locate and activate in an emergency situation. They are also typically
located in multiple places on the equipment, making them accessible from all sides
of the machine.
When an emergency stop button is pressed, the mining equipment will immediately
stop, preventing any further damage or injury. The emergency stop button is a
safety feature that can be used in the case of an emergency such as a gas leak,
equipment failure, or a fire.

In addition to emergency stop buttons, underground mines also have emergency
response plans, fire alarms, and emergency communication systems in place to
ensure the safety of the mine workers in case of an emergency.
Overall, emergency stop buttons are an essential safety feature in underground
mines, as they provide a quick and easy way to stop mining equipment in case of an
emergency. They are designed to protect mine workers and equipment, and to
minimize the damage caused by an emergency situation.

Safety cameras are devices used in underground mining to monitor the safety of mine
workers and equipment. These cameras are typically mounted on mining equipment
such as continuous miners and longwall mining systems, and are used to monitor the
mine environment and the actions of mine workers.
Safety cameras can be used for a variety of purposes, such as monitoring the air quality
in the mine, detecting gas leaks, and monitoring the location of personnel and
equipment. They can also be used to monitor the progress of mining operations and to
detect any potential safety hazards.
Safety cameras can be connected to a central monitoring system that allows mine
managers to view the footage from multiple cameras at once. This allows them to
quickly identify any potential safety hazards and to take appropriate action to address
them.
Safety cameras are an important tool for ensuring the safety of mine workers and
equipment, as they allow mine managers to monitor the mine environment and the
actions of mine workers in real-time. They also provide valuable information that can be
used to improve the safety of the mine and to prevent accidents.

Fire suppression systems are devices used in underground mining to extinguish fires and prevent
them from spreading. These systems are typically installed in underground mines to protect the
mine workers and equipment from the dangers of fire.
There are different types of fire suppression systems, such as water-based, foam-based, and
gaseous systems. Water-based systems use water to extinguish fires, foam-based systems use foam
to smother fires, and gaseous systems use gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon to
extinguish fires.
Fire suppression systems can be activated automatically by smoke detectors, heat detectors, or
manually by the mineworkers. Once activated, the system releases the suppressant, extinguishing
the fire and preventing it from spreading.
Fire suppression systems are an important tool for ensuring the safety of mine workers and
equipment, as they allow mine managers to quickly extinguish fires and prevent them from
spreading. They also provide valuable information that can be used to improve the safety of the
mine and to prevent accidents.
In addition to fire suppression systems, underground mines also have fire alarms, emergency
response plans, and emergency communication systems in place to ensure the safety of the mine
workers in case of a fire.

Automatic ventilation systems are devices used in underground mining to regulate
the air flow in the mine and to remove harmful gases such as methane and carbon
monoxide. These systems are typically installed in underground mines to protect
the mine workers and equipment from the dangers of poor air quality.
Automatic ventilation systems can be activated automatically by gas sensors, or
manually by the mine workers. Once activated, the system uses fans and ducts to
remove harmful gases from the mine and to bring in fresh air.
Automatic ventilation systems are an important tool for ensuring the safety of mine
workers and equipment, as they allow mine managers to regulate the air flow in the
mine and to remove harmful gases. They also provide valuable information that can
be used to improve the safety of the mine and to prevent accidents.
In addition to automatic ventilation systems, underground mines also have gas
sensors, fire suppression systems, and emergency communication systems in place
to ensure the safety of the mine workers in case of poor air quality or gas leaks.

Continuous miners are highly productive machines that are able to cut and move
large amounts of material in a short period of time. They are designed to extract
coal and other materials from the mine in a continuous process, which makes them
much more efficient than traditional mining methods.
Continuous miners are equipped with a cutting head that cuts through the coal or
other material, and a conveyor system that transports the mined material to the
surface. The cutting head is designed to move forward and backward in a
continuous motion, cutting and removing the material as it goes.
Due to their high productivity, continuous miners are able to extract large amounts
of material in a short period of time. They can cut through the coal seam at a rate of
up to 1,500 tons per hour, and can move up to 3,000 tons of material per hour.

Additionally, continuous miners are also more efficient as they can operate 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week, with minimal downtime. This allows mining companies to
extract large amounts of material in a short period of time, which can be a
significant cost savings.
Overall, continuous miners are a key component of modern underground mining
operations, and their high productivity and efficiency make them an essential tool
for extracting coal and other valuable resources from the earth.

Continuous miners are used in both underground coal and hard rock mines, and are a
key component of modern underground mining operations.
In underground coal mines, continuous miners are used to extract coal from the seam.
They are equipped with a cutting head that cuts through the coal, and a conveyor
system that transports the mined coal to the surface. They can also be used to extract
coal in a continuous manner using longwall mining systems.
In hard rock mines, continuous miners are used to extract minerals such as gold, silver,
copper, and zinc. They are equipped with a cutting head that cuts through the rock, and
a conveyor system that transports the mined minerals to the surface.
Due to their high productivity and efficiency, continuous miners are a key component of
modern underground mining operations. They are able to extract large amounts of
material in a short period of time, which can be a significant cost savings for mining
companies.
Overall, continuous miners are versatile machines that can be used in a variety of
mining conditions, and are an essential tool for extracting coal, minerals, and other
valuable resources from the earth.

Continuous miners are machines used in underground mining to extract coal and other
materials from the mine. They work by cutting and removing the material from the
mine in a continuous process. They are typically used in underground coal mines, but
can also be used in hard rock mines to extract minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and
zinc.
The cutting head of the continuous miner is equipped with different types of cutter
heads, such as a drum-cutter, chain-cutter, or disk-cutter, that are used to cut through
different types of materials. They also come in different sizes and are designed to work
in various mining conditions, such as narrow or wide seams, soft or hard coal, and
varying roof heights.
Continuous miners are operated by a remote control system or by an operator who sits
in the cab of the machine. They are also equipped with various safety features, such as
sensors to detect gas levels or the proximity of other equipment and personnel, to
protect the operator and other personnel and ensure the safe and efficient operation of
the machine.
Overall, continuous miners are highly productive machines that are able to cut and
move large amounts of material in a short period of time and they are a key component
of modern underground mining operations.

Continuous miners work by cutting and removing material from the mine in a
continuous process. They have a cutting head that cuts through the coal or other
material, and a conveyor system that transports the mined material to the surface.
The cutting head is designed to move forward and backward in a continuous
motion, cutting and removing the material as it goes. The conveyor system then
transports the mined material to the surface, where it is loaded onto trucks or
trains for transport to processing facilities or power plants.
The continuous mining process is highly efficient and can extract large amounts of
material in a short period of time. It eliminates the need for drilling and blasting,
which can be time-consuming and costly, and it also reduces the amount of dust and
noise associated with traditional mining methods.
Overall, the continuous mining process is a highly efficient and cost-effective
method of extracting coal and other materials from the mine, and continuous
miners are a key component of this process.

Continuous miners are equipped with a rotating cutting head that is able to cut through
the coal seam and a conveyor system that transports the mined material to the surface.
The cutting head is typically located at the front of the machine and is designed to
rotate as it cuts through the coal or other material. The cutting head is equipped with
cutting teeth or disks that are used to break up the material and make it easier to
extract.
The conveyor system is located at the rear of the machine and is used to transport the
mined material to the surface. The conveyor system is typically a belt conveyor that
moves the mined material up an incline to the surface.
The conveyor system can also be telescoping, which allows it to adjust to the height of
the roof. The conveyor system can also be equipped with a loading point that allows the
mined material to be loaded onto trucks or trains for transport to processing facilities or
power plants.
Overall, the cutting head and conveyor system work together to extract coal and other
materials from the mine in a continuous process, making continuous miners a highly
efficient and cost-effective method of mining.

There are several types of continuous miners used in underground mining,
including:
1. Drum cutter continuous miner: This type of miner uses a rotating drum cutter
to cut through the material and extract coal from the seam. It is typically used
in soft coal mines.
2. Chain cutter continuous miner: This type of miner uses a chain cutter to cut
through the material and extract coal from the seam. It is typically used in hard
coal mines.
3. Disk cutter continuous miner: This type of miner uses a disk cutter to cut
through the material and extract coal from the seam. It is typically used in
mines with high roofs and wide seams.

4. Combination cutter continuous miner: This type of miner uses a combination of
cutting elements such as drum cutter, chain cutter, and disk cutter. It is typically
used in mines where the coal seam varies in hardness and the material is difficult
to cut through.
5. Plow continuous miner: This type of miner uses a plow to cut through the
material and extract coal from the seam. It is typically used in mines with low roofs
and narrow seams.
6. Shearer continuous miner: This type of miner uses a cutting head that is moved
along the coal face to extract coal from the seam. It is typically used in longwall
mining.
These are the common types of continuous miner that is used in underground
mining, however, some mining companies may have their own variations of the
miner, with different capabilities and features.

Continuous miner by auqib Javed.pptx

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