Dr. S.S. Pancholi presented on texture analysis and its applications in pharmaceuticals. Texture analysis quantifies characteristics like hardness, elasticity, and adhesiveness using specialized probes and software. It is used in food and non-food industries to analyze properties of materials and finished products. In pharmaceuticals, texture analysis tests parameters of tablets, coatings, gels, patches, and other dosage forms to ensure quality and optimal drug release. It also measures forces involved in actions like administering inhalers or opening blister packs. Texture analysis thus provides objective data for product development and quality control in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

1. SUPERVISOR
DR. S.S. PANCHOLI
PROFESSOR & HEAD
PHARMACEUTICS
02 DECEMBER 2020
PRESENTED BY,
ATUL
CHAUDHARY
M. PHARM, 2ND
SEM
INSTRUMENT
TEXTURE ANALYZER
ISF COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, MOGA PUNJAB

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 2
What is Texture Analysis?
In the mid-1950s, the food industry, for objective assessment of their products, instead of verbal
description - sticky, tacky, gooey, gummy started using texture analysis that made these rheological
characteristics quantifiable and therefore comparable.
“A texture analyzer records the load (FORCE) response of a test material to the mechanical conditions
imposed”
Manufacturers of highly flexible texture analysis equipment developed specially-designed attachments
and software programmed to analyze raw materials, semifinished goods, packaging and end products.
“...Texture analysis made rheological characteristics quantifiable...”

3. TEXTURE ANALYZER 3
Texture analyser
Brookfield CT3 Texture analyser
Food Applications
Non-Food
Applications
Biscuits Adhesives
Bread Asphalt
Butter Candles
Cakes Cosmetics
Candies Creams
Cheese Detergent
Chocolate Foams
Confectionery Grease
Cookies Gum
Crackers Packaging
Gels/Gelatin Personal Care
Margarines Polymers
Meat Products Rubber Sealants
Pet Foods Silicone
Pudding Soap
Sauces Sponges
Snack Foods Wax
Spreads
Starch
Surimi
PARAMETERS MEASURED
• Elasticity
• Hardness
• Cohesiveness
• Burst Strength
• Breaking Point
• Fracturability
• Gel Strength
• Spreadability
• Tackiness
• Consistency
• Relaxation
• Extrudability
• Pliability
• Adhesiveness
• Firmness
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TEXTURE ANALYZER 4
Toughness
Tenderness
Consistency
Chewiness
Hardness
Brittleness
Ripeness
Consistency
Creaminess
Spreadibility
Resilience
Break Strength
Peel Tests
Freshness
Brittleness
Stickiness
Dough Quality
Stickiness
Fracturability
Hardness
Gel Strength
Spreadibility
Adhesiveness
Consistency
Hardness
Tablet Strength
Coating
Hardness
Bloom Strength
Consistency
What texture information can tell us ?

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 5
Firmness/Hardness
Adhesiveness
Adhesive
force
Spread
ability
Extrude
ability
Texture
analyzer
Brookfield
CT3 Texture
analyzer

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 6
Gel texture analysis (CT3 Analyzer)
READING:
HARDNESS: Force necessary to attain a given
deformation.
ADHESIVENESS: Work necessary to overcome
attractive forces (Total Negative Area) between surface
of the food and the materials with which it comes into
contact.
ADHESIVE FORCE: Force required to “pull” probe
from sample (suction).
MODULUS: Ratio of stress divided by strain during
the first compression cycle (e.g., the slope of the force:
deformation curve). It is representative of sample
rigidity.

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 7
Types of probes and loading cell ranges
There are five load cell ranges available for the CT3
Texture Analyzer offered by Brookfield:
Models Load Cell Range
CT3-100 100g
CT3-1000 1kg
CT3-1500 1.5kg
CT3-4500 4.5kg
CT3-10k 10kg
Types of Probes:

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 8
Operational principle of CT3 Texture Analyzer
The principle of operation of the CT3 Texture Analyzer is to subject a sample to
controlled forces in compression using a probe, or in tension using grips. The
resistance of the material to these forces is measured by a calibrated load cell and
shown in either grams or Newtons. And monitor are recorded the graph.

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 9
Texture
analyzer
XTplusC
Texture
analyzer

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 10
Shimadzu Texture Analyzer EZ Test
Features:
1. Light `weight and Compact.
2. Convenient to Use.
3. Finger-Tip Operation.
4. High-Precision Testing System.
Applications:
1. Evaluation of Pills by Compression and Splitting Tests
2. Evaluation of Tablets by Press-Dispense Test
3. Evaluation of Syringe Needles by Injectability Test
4. Evaluation of Lipstick by Hardness Test
5. Evaluation of Adhesive Bandages
6. Evaluation of Springs by Compression Test

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 11
V TECH Texture Analyser
Test Frame Range
EZ-SX
Depth of Test Space
100 mm
Data Capture Travel
1000 Hz
Test Frame Load Capacity
Max. 500N
Pharma Evaluation:
 Evaluation of Pills by Compression and Splitting Tests
 Evaluation of Tablets by Press-Dispense Test
 Evaluation of Syringe Needles by Injectability Test
 Evaluation of Adhesive Bandages

12. 16-02-2021 TEXTURE ANALYZER 12
Blister packaging strength
As the use of blister packs for paracetamol,
vitamins and other tablets becomes more
prevalent, it is important to ensure that the
pack is easily opened by elderly or weak
patients, but strong enough to avoid
accidental opening by children or during
transportation. When carried out as a series
of tests on a strip of tablets, an accurate
and reliable assessment of the minimum,
maximum and average packaging strength
is obtained.

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 13
Adhesive strength of tablet coatings
Coating formulation is of primary concern because it
can have a crucial effect on the performance of the
tablet and the release of the active ingredients in it. if
the tablet has been coated with an entero-insoluble or
sustained release film. It is now possible to perform
tests to ascertain the adhesive strength of the coating
to the tablet surface. This enables manufacturers to
assess the impact of changes in coating formulation.
“Coating formulation is of primary concern...”
The tablet coating adhesion test measures
the force required to remove the coating.

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 14
Gel- Mucoadhesive testing measures
The swelling and disintegration properties of gel coatings,
which are designed to adhere to the intestine or other
mucosae, determine the time taken for the dissipation of
the gel and the subsequent release of active ingredients.
Mucoadhesive testing measures the adhesion of polymeric
devices to a mucosal surface in conditions similar to those
in the body.

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 15
Force measurement for downward movement of inhalers
Self-administration implies an even greater need
for the safe and accurate delivery of the drug.
Texture analysis instruments can imitate the
downward movement of the finger, measuring
the force needed to administer the dose.

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 16
Adhesion test of transdermal patch
“Transdermal drug delivery as a route for
systemic drug administration is currently one of
the advancing areas in drug development
research”
During an adhesive test the probe (typically a
domical probe or 1” diameter spherical probe for
patch adhesion measurement as shown in Figure )
descends to begin the bonding process and
maintains the pre-determined compression force for
the dwell time. During this stage the viscosity of the
bio adhesive, the duration of the dwell and the
chemistry of the materials will affect the strength of
the created bond.
Fig. ←[Left]: The measurement
of the adhesive strength of
transdermal patches a 1”
spherical probe
Fig. ↓[Below]: Testing Performed
at constant temperature
(Controlled by a Peltier plate
attached to a texture analyzer)

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 17
Future of Texture Analysis in Pharmaceuticals
The Powder Flow Analyzer, Texture Analyzer
quantifies the flow of powders for increased
efficiency in manufacturing and packaging.
Tablet compression
test in progress.

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TEXTURE ANALYZER 18