Human-computer interaction

1. Human-computer interaction

2. Plan
• User interface, as a means of human-computer interaction.
Usability of Interfaces.
• Types of interfaces: command line interface, text interface,
graphical interface, natural-language user interface
• Mental characteristics of the user.
• Stages of user interface development.
• Types of interface testing (user testing).
• Prospects for the development of interfaces.

3. User interface, as a means of human-
computer interaction
Human–computer interaction (HCI) researches the design and
use of computer technology, focused on the interfaces between
people and computers.

4. USER INTERFACE
The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of human–
computer interaction, is the space where interactions between
humans and machines occur.

5. Usability

6. Usability of interface
Usability is the degree to which a software can be used by
specified consumers to achieve quantified objectives with
effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a quantified
context of use.
Usability of interface consists of
Learnability
Efficiency
Memorability
Errors
Satisfaction

7. Types of interfaces
• command line interface
• text interface
• graphical interface
• natural-language user interface

8. Command-line interface
A command-line interface is a means of interacting with a computer program
where the user (or client) issues commands to the program in the form of
successive lines of text (command lines).

9. Text-based user interface
Text-based user interface (TUI) is a user interface
where by all output is presented in the form of text.

10. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
The graphical user interface (GUI ) is a type of user interface that
allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical
icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of
text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text
navigation.

11. XEROX ALTO

12. Natural-language user interface
• Natural-language user interface (LUI or NLUI) is a type of computer
human interface where linguistic phenomena such as verbs, phrases
and clauses act as UI controls for creating, selecting and modifying
data in software applications.

13. mental characteristics of the user
A mental model is a person’s intuitive understanding of how something
functions based on his or her past encounters, exposure to information, and
sound judgment.

14. How People Form Mental Models
Observation
Immersive Experience
Culture

15. Prospects for the development of interfaces

16. Mental Models and User Experience
A mental model is a person’s intuitive
understanding of how something
functions based on his or her past
encounters, exposure to information, and
sound judgment.

17. How People Form Mental Models
Observation
Observation is a crucial
method of getting answers
concerning people’s
responses to their general
surroundings. As individuals,
we are well equipped to pick
up detailed data about our
environs through our senses.

18. How People Form Mental Models
Immersive Experience
An immersive experience is one in which a user is
totally caught up in a system. If the experience is a
positive one, the user’s satisfaction may reach new
heights. Immersive experiences stimulate our senses.

19. How Understanding Mental Models
Influences User-Interface Design
Don Norman discusses mental models in his article “Some
Observations on Mental Models,” in which he also considers
conceptual models and theoretical models. Norman says, “Conceptual
models are devised as tools for the understanding or teaching of
physical systems. Mental models are what people really have in their
heads and what guides their use of things.”

20. How People Form Mental Models
Culture
People belonging to different cultures often have
different mental models….
Culture plays a vital role in shaping human
perceptions. Because people belonging to different
cultures often have different mental models, the
internationalization and localization of Web experiences
that must address these cultural intricacies has always
been challenging for designers.

21. Tips from free designers
• Try to learn something about users
• Come up with your own characters
• Brainstorm
• Use common design patterns
• Remember that we are all human, and we are all
United by the same psychological principles

22. Development stages of the user interface
User Flow Diagram
Brainstorming & Sketching
Understanding the Project’s Concept
Factors of
influence
Choosing and Creating the Preview Form
Choosing the Style of the Interface
Structure and Flow Validation
Style Validation
Design Validation

23. Brainstorming & Sketching

24. User Flow Diagram

25. Choosing the Style of the Interface

26. Choosing and Creating the Preview Form
• Wireframe

27. Choosing and Creating the Preview Form
• Mockup

28. Choosing and Creating the Preview Form
• Clickable Prototype

29. Choosing and Creating the Preview Form
• Animated UI Flow

30. What is Interface Testing?
Interface Testing is the testing done on AUT which actually verifies
whether the communication between two different software systems
are done correctly.

31. Why to do Interface Testing
Interface Testing is done
• To ensure that end-users or customer should not encounter any
problem when using a particular software product
• To identify which application areas are usually accessed by end-users
and to check its user-friendliness as well.
• To verify security requirements while communication propagates
between the systems
• To check if solution is capable to handle network failures between
application server and website

32. Types of Interface Testing
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This include testing each system individually. For example, billing system and inventory
management system for retail store should be able to operate separately.
This is considered when testing include date, month and day reversed
A high-volume interface may require more Load Testing than a low-volume
interface, depending on the interface engine and connectivity infrastructure
Individual systems
Edge cases -unexpected values
Performance, load, and network testing
It ensures that the interface engine handles your standard workflows as
expected.
Workflow

33. Jobs

34. References
• Information and Communication Technologies Part 1: Textbook/
D.Shynybekov. - Almaty: IITU, 2017. - 588 p.
• Information and Communication Technologies Part 2: Textbook/
D.Shynybekov. - Almaty: IITU, 2017. - 624 p
• June J. Parsons and Dan Oja, New Perspectives on Computer Consepts
16th Edition - Comprehensive, Thomson Course Technology, a division of
Thomson Learning, Inc Cambridge, MA, COPYRIGHT © 2014.
• Lorenzo Cantoni (University of Lugano, Switzerland)James A. Danowski
(University of Illinois at Chicago, IL,USA) Communication and
Technologies, 576 pages
• Craig Van Slyke Information Communication Technologies: Concepts,
Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (6 Volumes)/ ISBN 13:
9781599049496, 2008, Pages: 4288
• Utelbaeva A.K.,Utelbaeva A.K. Study guide for lectures on discipline
“Computer science”, Shimkent 2008, 84 pages.

35. Control Questions
What is included in the concept of man-machine interface?
List the main means of man-machine interface.
Are there any fundamentally new breakthroughs in the development of
human-machine interface? Describe them.
Is there any effective speech recognition system available? What are the
shortcomings of speech recognition systems?
What does ergonomics study?