This document provides an overview of the administrative peculiarities of Balochistan province in Pakistan with a focus on law and order and governance. It discusses the physical and human factors that have hindered Balochistan's development, including its remoteness, sparse population, insurgency issues, and lack of human capital and education. It also outlines the history of Balochistan, demographics, statistics on poverty and education, the structure of local governments, and measures being taken to improve law and order, such as police retraining and joint operations with security forces.

1. 1

2. The aim of this presentation is to acquaint the
participants of MCMC about the administrative
peculiarities of Balochistan with emphasis on law
and order and governance

3.  Part I: Introduction
 Part II: Visual
 Part III: History
 Part IV: Statistics
 Part V: Law and Order
 Part VI: Local Governments

5. Quetta
Mastung
Kalat
5
5
5
Afghanistan 1196 KMs
IRAN 906 KMs
Kech
Costal line 1129 KMs
Sindh
Punjab
Zhob
Qila Saifullah Musakhel
Loralai
Kohlu
Dera Bugti
Sibi
Bolan
Jhal Magsi
Khuzdar
•Ziarat
Barkhan
Pishin
Chagai
Kharan
Panjgur
Awaran
Lasbela
Gwadar
Washuk
Nushki
Sheerani
KPK
N
Source: P&D

6. Baloch / Brahvi: 44,10,877 51 %
Pashtoon: 26,31,598 31.58 %
Afghan Refugee: 07,00,000 08 %
Sindhi: 04,80,313 06 %
Saraiki: 02,17,581 02.5 %
Hazara: 01,65,000 0.02 %
Punjabi: 53,543 0.61 %
Urdu Speaking: 25,204 0.29 %
TOTAL: 86,84,116 100%
Source : BoS, GoB

7.  Acrimonious History
 Insurgency
 Thinly dipersed population
 Sardari System
 Tribal disputes
 Coalition politics
 Levies Administration

17.  Arab descent
 Syria
 Mir Chakar Rind
 Khanate of Kalat

18.  First Anglo-Afghan War 1839
 Second Anglo-Afghan War
 Sandeman Era Land Swaps

19.  Benign to coercive taxation
 Inefficient to efficient
 Democratic to despotic
 Voluntary to mandatory
 Levies
 Partitioning of land

21.  Communique of 11 August 1947
 Independent Sovereign State
 Parliament at Dhaddar
 Standstill agreement
 Change of heart on both sides
 Renegotiation
 Accession on 27th March 1948

22.  Kalat, Makran, Lasbela, Kharan
 June 1948-October 1955
 Ruler: Khan of Kalat
 Merged into one Unit

23. 23
Part IV: Statistics
23

24. The Challenge- Balochistan
24
24
Accounts for
 45% of Pakistan’s land area
 70% of Pakistan’s coastline
 Nearly one-third of Pakistan’s natural gas
 100% of Pakistan’s copper and gold deposits,
significant deposits of coal, iron core, marble, granite,
and other minerals
 Ideally located for trade with Iran, Afghanistan, and
Central Asian Republics
but still remains the nation’s poorest Province
Why?

25. The reasons are a combination of
Physical and Human factors
25
25

26. 26
Provinces Education
(Literacy
rate over
10)
Maternal
Mortality
Ratio/100,0
00 births
Population
below
Poverty line
HDI
Punjab 60 227 26 0.603
KPK 50 271 29 0.544
Sind 59 314 31 0.507
Balochistan 41 785 48 0.391
26

27. Rs in Billion
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Impact
27
54.855 83.121 93.255 70%
(+ 38.400 B)
27

28. 28
PHYSICAL FACTORS
› Remoteness
HUMAN FACTORS
› Political situation
› Human resources
28

29. 29
29
Physical Factors
The basic development predicament for
Balochistan is:
45% of the land area of Pakistan, but only 5%
of the population
Much of the land is arid, calling for special
strategies of water use

30. Population Thinly Dispersed
30
30
and Poorly Connected
 In 2010, Balochistan's population density at 19
persons per square kilometer was only 5, 8, and 9 percent
respectively of that of the Punjab, Sindh, and the KP
Province
 Remoteness was made worse by poor transport
infrastructure. [In Balochistan, 28% of rural communities
lack motorable access (all Pakistan 15%), and 73% lack
paved access (all Pakistan 32%)]

31.  Balochistan has been the scene of political
31
unrest since independence of Pakistan.
 The province has witnessed political violence
for decades
 Current insurgency (5th) finds its basis in
political disempowerment and issues
circulating around owner ship of natural
resources and their returns
31

32.  Democratic Deficit at the National Level
 Out of 342 seats of the National Assembly,
only 17 (4.9%) (General: 14, Women: 3) are
allocated to Balochistan
 Balochistan does not enjoy fair representation in
federal services and armed forces, specially
senior bureaucracy at the Centre
32
32

33.  Sixty- three percent of the population aged
15 and above years has never attended
school (women 85 percent)
 95% of the total area is under control of Levies
that requires massive restructuring and
training
 Reluctance of the officers from APUG/DMG in
Balochistan has also aggravated the situation
33

34. 34
The Physical & Human Factors
Drag Down Growth of
Balochistan’s Income  GDP growth in Balochistan has been slower than in
the other provinces
 Between 1972/73 and 2004/05, Balochistan‘s GDP is
estimated to have grown at an average rate of 4.1
percent a year in real terms. This rate was 0.7 percent
lower than that of the KP Province and Sindh‘s, and 1
percent lower than that of the Punjab.

35.  Balochistan stands out as the province with the
weakest social indicators. In 2010/11 it scored lowest
in 12 out of 13 key indicators for education, literacy,
health, water, and sanitation
 According to a recent report of Pakistan’s Senate
Functional Committee on Problems of Less Developed
Areas, Dera Bugti, its neighbourhood Kohlu and
Pakistan’s nuclear test zone Chagai are among the
five most ignored districts of the country during 2011-
12
35
35

36.  Thus Balochistan has eight in the list of the first ten
most underprivileged districts. Dera Bugti (Status-wise:
113th position), Kohlu (111) and Chagai (110)
with Balochistan being the most deprived province.
 In terms of Literacy, among districts in Pakistan,
Dera Bugti & Barkhan are the lowest ranked districts
with (6.0%) literacy rate. This is much lower than the
lowest ranking districts in other provinces i.e. Rajan
Pur (Punjab) 34%, Thatta (Sind) 36%, and Kohistan
(KPK) 26%.
36
36

37.  With regards to Food Insecurity, among districts in
Pakistan, Dera Bugti in Balochistan has the highest
percentage of food insecure people (82.4%). The
20 districts of Pakistan with worst conditions for food
security include 10 districts from Balochistan.
 In terms of provincial comparison, Balochistan has
the highest (61.2%) food insecure population. The
number of districts from Balochistan in this
category has doubled since 2003.
37
37

38.  In Balochistan, the public sector has continuously
faced acute shortage of experienced, well trained,
highly educated and professional work force to
carry out its activities efficiently and effectively.
 Limited Human Capital in Balochistan could not tap
the natural wealth to its optimum level and
maximize socio-economic returns that led to shaky
administration and inefficient economic
development
38
38

40.  Balochistan-under siege
 Quetta- caught in vicious circle of sectarian
killings, target killings, terrorism
 Hazara community-forced to do sit-in
protests for expressing their grief
 Highways-unsafe to travel even at day time
 Kidnapping for ransom-profession instead of
a crime
 National media-mocking the government
for its failures and absence of governance

41.  Normalcy has returned to major urban
centers
 Only few areas in the South and East
remain troubled
 Quetta residents have resumed their
everyday activities
 Commercial centers open till late
 Sports, Official and Social activities have
picked up
 Appreciation by the citizens and the media

42. SPORTS FESTIVAL

43. SPORTS FESTIVAL

44. MEDIA DAY

46. All PAKISTAN MUSHAIRA

47. Terrorism, Targeted Killing &
Sabotage (A & B Area)
853
1009
728
825
717
857
196
353 330
393
362
415
356
127
178
268 274
323
125
149
69
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto
March-2014
Terrorism Targeted Killing Sabotage

48. Targeted Killing Incidents
Analysis
12
26
16
20
64
21
3
58
110
103
43 49
34
6
147
131
107
108
131
91
52
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto March-
2014
Sectarian Against Settlers Against Law Enforcement

49. 10239 10449
8008 8094 8231
8717
2200
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto
March-2014
OVERALL CRIME
2008 TO March-2014

50. Kidnapping For Ransom
60
84
102
49
5
60
83
102
45
5
0 1 0
4
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto
March-2014
Kidnapped
Recovered
Not Yet
Recovered
(‘A’ Area)

51. Highway Dacoity & Robbery
50
38
19
10 10
5
3
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto
March-2014
Dacoity & Robbery

52. Vehicle Crime (Snatching)
2008- March 2014
Car Snatching Motorcycle Snatching Other Vehicle Snatching
83
62
42 52
93
69
9
342
424
277
300
371 373
80
145
189
80
64
75
62
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0 9
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto
March-2014

53. Vehicle Crime (Theft)
2008- March-2014
159
134
117
87
108
63
15
213
249
201
185
257
257
52
113
159
109
74 87
40
300
250
200
150
100
50
0 10
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Upto
March-2014
Car Theft Motorcycle Theft Other Vehicle Theft

54.  Indicators show decrease in heinous
crime
 Quetta is back in control and strict
security checks have been relaxed
 With terrorism and sectarian violence
subsiding, Insurgency is now main threat
 Basic policing needs to be strengthened
 Intelligence led operations pay peace
dividends

55. Recipe for improved Law and Order

56.  Capacity building of LEA through Army and
FC
 Intelligence fusion
 Rethink security paradigm from top to bottom-
A, B area distinction erased practically
 Reversion to basic policing-beat system
restored, intelligence gathering, watch and
ward
 Political government posted on merit best
police and administration officers
 FC given policing powers

57.  Kidnapping for Ransom-Special unit
formed in Quetta Police under DIG
Investigation, modern surveillance
equipment including locators, major
gangs busted, cold cases re-investigated
and solved
 Sectarian Violence-Target hardening
exercises, continuous dialogue even
after Moharram, Zaireen security
enhanced

58.  Terrorism-Intelligence led operations,
major networks disrupted, huge cache’s
of explosives recovered and destroyed
 Protection of Highways- Dedicated
teams of Levies deployed, vulnerable
stretches under FC patrolling, Tribal
guards deployed at Key locations

59.  Army Officers led for CID School
 Police Anti-Terrorism School established
 Re-training of police by Army
 Joint Operations with FC
 Re-organization of Police, Balochistan
Constabulary on functional lines
 Highway Patrolling Force being raised
 15 Rescue/ Quick Response established

60.  Modern Training on pattern of Pakistan
Army and FC
 Strengthening of investigation through
Judicial Trainings
 Expertise in Crime Scene Management with
assistance of Punjab Forensic Science
Laboratory (PFSL)
 Purchase of modern weapons and
equipment
 Establishment of Mobile check posts

61.  Conversion of B areas in to A area
 Mand, Buleda, Turbat, Panjgoor
 Creation of Rapid Response Force of
Levies
 Police recruitments on merit
 Procurement of security equipment and
helicopter in progress

63. Article 32
 The state shall encourage Local
Government institutions composed of
elected representatives of the areas
concerned and in such institutions
special representation will be given to
peasants, workers and women.

64. Constitutional Requirement
Article 140-A
(1) Each province shall, by law, established a
Local Government system and devolved
political, administrative and financial
responsibility and authority to the elected
representative of the local governments.
(2) Elections to the local governments shall be
held by the Election Commission of
Pakistan.

65. Constitutional Requirement
Article 226
All elections under the
Constitution, other than those of
the Prime Minister and the Chief
Minister, shall be by secret ballot

66. Types of Local Councils
 Rural Councils
 Urban Councils

67. Rural Councils
1. District Council for each district
2. Union Council for a rural population
from 7000-15000

68. Urban Councils
i) Municipal Committee
( for an urban area having a population
exceeding 15 thousand but not 1 lac)
ii) Municipal Corporation
(for an urban area having a population
exceeding 1 lac but not 5 lac)
iii) Metropolitan Corporation
(for an urban area having a population
exceeding 5 lac)

69. Composition of Local Councils
General Members = Notified
Women members = 33%
Non Muslims = 5%
Peasants = 5%
Workers = 5%
Professional = 5%
Social Workers = 5%

70. Number of Local Councils
 District Councils 32
 Metropolitan Corporation 01
 Municipal Corporation 04
 Municipal Committee 53
 Union Council 635
Total 725

71. Reserved Seats
 Women
2332
 Non-Muslims 743
 Peasants/Worker 743
 Professionals/Social Workers
743
 Total 4561

72. Amendments
 Balochistan Local Government
Amendment Act 2014
 Two new categories in Special Interest
Group i.e. Professional and Social Worker
 Doctors, Engineers, Lawyers, Business
Experts, Agriculture experts, Technicians
etc.
 Clubbing of Peasants and Workers
 Peasant and Workers share reduced
from 20% to 10%

73. Constitutional Petition
 C.P. no. 86 of 2014 filed in Balochistan
High Court
 Two hearings on 19th-20th May 2014
 Decision on 23rd May 2014
 Court declared Balochistan Local
Government Amendment Act 2014
repugnant to the Constitution and void
ab initio

74. Basis of Decision of High Court
 Social Workers and Professional are not
marginalized sections of society
 Social Workers and Professionals have not
been given special treatment in the
constitution
 Taking away reserved seats from peasant
and workers is discriminatory
 Show of hands is Ultra vires of Article 226 of
Constitution
 Electoral process subverted as
amendments made during the process

75. Effect of Judgment
 Election to the reserve/ indirect seats (only
for women & Non-Muslims) have been
held on 29th May 2014
 Election to the Peasants/Workers and
Professionals/ Social Workers could not be
held due to judgment of the Balochistan
High Court
 Three petitions filed against judgment in
SCP
 Case is now sub-judice in the SCP

76. Present Scenario
 8 months have passed since the election to
general seats
 Restlessness amongst the elected
representatives
 General population also awaiting resolution
 SCP was in recess during August
 Cannot speculate the outcome and
timeline
 Leader of the house cannot be elected
without completion of the house

77. 2 Options
Option I- Wait for the case to be
decided in the SCP
Option II- Accept the decision of the
Balochistan High Court and withdraw
CPLA from SCP which has to be justified
in the court
(Other parties need to be convinced to
do the same)

78. Thank You
78