Why error in science are always positive (absolute) not negative, Errors means unfit to accept or useless for the purpose or not acceptable for good trade practice. Unfit to accept or useless for purpose or not acceptable for good trade practice are have both positive or negative observations.Due to above reasons, we always take ERRORS as Absolute Value (Positive in All Cases) irrespective of they are positive or negative. ERRORS ARE ALWAYS ERRORS.

1. Arun Umrao
Https://sites.google.com/view/arunumrao

2. Before, defining errors, we will discuss the definition of words
“Acceptance” and “Agreement”.
“Acceptance” means accepting
someone’s proposal.
For example, there are two options
for final year examination, one Open
Book Online Exam and Other is Pen
& Paper Based Exam. A student has
to “accept” one of these two mode of
examinations.
Once she/he accepts any one
option, then it will be said that she/he
has acceptance of that mode of
examination.

3. “Agreement” means reaching on a
consensus point by all parties which
are engaged in trade/task/activity etc.
For example, a fruit seller opens price
of one kilogram apple to a buyer as
Rs. 180/-. But buyer is willing to buy
apples at price of Rs. 120/- per
kilogram. After several rounds of
negotiations, both agreed to trade at
rate of Rs. 150/- per kilogram.
Here we said that agreement
between them was solemnized at
price of Rs. 150/-.

4. Why do we require to reach at Acceptance Value or
Agreement?
“Acceptance” is necessary to
carryout a trade. If someone has not
accepted an agreement (i.e. not
agree to mutual consensus act), then
in later time she/he may denied to
trade.
Hence without acceptance there is
no validity or sanctity of the trade
agreement.
“Agreement” is a written document that is accepted by all
trading/consenting parties.
I have
services.
I have
money.
Trade cost,
Rs. 10,250/-
Do trade at cost
of Rs. 10,250/-

5. “Accepted Value” in Physics accepted value of a
parameter or universal constants are measured by
scientists by using highly calibrated measuring instruments
and advanced measuring methods. These values are
accepted universally by all laboratories and academia.
For example, ‘g’ at sea level is 9.8 meter per second
square. Value of PI is 3.14 etc.
“High Precision Value” in Science, high precision values
are measured with those instruments which has maximum
possible capability to measure smallest value (minimum
least count).
Why do we require to reach at Acceptance Value or
Agreement?

6. What is error?
“Error” in science/trade, error is
difference between what you
agreed and what you get.
For example, in a trade/
measurement, it was agreed that
there would be money transaction
of Rs. 10,250/- But by any reason,
Rs. 10,255/- was transacted. So,
there is an error of Rs. 5/- in that
transaction.
Received Rs.
10,250/-? Yes, Received
Rs. 10,250/-
Transacted
Rs. 10,255/-
Error in Transaction
is of Rs. 5/-

7. What is error?
“Why Error?” one party has got
Rs. 10,255/- more than agreed
amount of Rs. 10,250/- and that
party is in gain of Rs. 5/-?
But other party is in loss too in
same transaction. Other party is in
loss of Rs. 5/- in that transaction.
Therefore, one’s GAIN is other’s
LOSS.
This gain or loss is due to fault not
due to trading agreement.
Received Rs.
10,250/-? Yes, Received
Rs. 10,250/-
Transacted
Rs. 10,255/-
Error in Transaction
is of Rs. 5/-

8. What is error?
In trade, one’s GAIN is other’s LOSS.
Therefore, individually, one has positive value and other
has negative value. But about an agreed value, both have
got different values. One has excess of Rs. 5/- and other
has deficiency of Rs. 5/-.
So, on the basis of
principle of trade ethics,
if both do not agreed on
this excess Rs. 5/- then
both are making errors
as in future, they have
no further trade
agreements.

9. What is error in Science?
Principle of measurements in Science are based on
tolerable “approximate” observations.
For example, you went market to buy a socket for a pipe
of 1” diameter.
From shopkeeper, you asked price.
He told you that it will cost Rs. 180/- for one piece.
You agreed and paid Rs. 180/- to him.
BUT by Mistake
Shopkeeper packs 1.5” socket costing Rs. 280/-.

10. What is error in Science?
In home, you came to know that it is not that socket you
actually want.
You returned back to that shop and complained to that
shopkeeper about it is wrong socket and request to
change it.
Shopkeeper replied, Sir keep it. I have given you larger
valued 1.5” socket. You should not complain about it.
Are you welcome his kindness?
No, either you asked him to return money or replace it.
Why?
Because, it has no use.

11. What is error in Science?
Think about this conversation if you asked shopkeeper
for a socket of 1.5” diameter pipe and he packed a 1”
diameter socket.
Are you welcome his kindness again?
diameter for a pipe of 1.5” diameter?

12. Yes, you will accept this socket. It can be used with
some treatments.
Treatments?
Yes, treatments. For socket having larger diameter can
be fitted by using plumber’s tape to clamp tightly.
And
Socket having lesser diameter can be fitted tightly without
using any filling material.
It means, socket is acceptable with tolerable errors.
Will you accept the socket of 1.51” diameter or 1.49”
diameter for a pipe of 1.5” diameter?

13. But certainly you will NOT accept the socket of 1.6”
diameter or 1.4” diameter for a pipe of 1.5” diameter.
Because, from the principle of measurements, in Science
those measurements which are beyond the tolerable
errors have no use.
You can not fit 1.6” diameter or 1.4” diameter socket in a
pipe having 1.5” diameter any how.
Error difference
1.6”-1.5”=+0.1”
or
1.4”-1.5”=-0.1”
Both represent useless measured
quantity. So, we can not say that –ve
error compensate to +ve error. Here,
Error is Always Error
Either +ve Or –ve.

14. Errors means unfit to accept or useless for the
purpose or not acceptable for good trade practice.
Due to above reasons, we always take ERRORS
as Absolute Value (Positive in All Cases)
irrespective of they are positive or negative.
ERRORS ARE ALWAYS ERRORS.
Unfit to accept or useless for purpose or not
acceptable for good trade practice are have both
positive or negative observations.

15. All images are downloaded from
Internet. They are used here for
illustration purposes and non-profit
activities only .Their copywrite is
with their original creators.
Presenter does not take any credit
or claim any right of them.