explain the impact on marine and tin

1. Tin Minning In
Bangka Belitung :
Physical-Chemical
Impact to Marine
Ecosystem
Source : Willy Kurniawan, 2016 (https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2021/6/8/in-pictures-
mining-tin-from-the-sea-in-Indonesia)
Mohammad Oka Arizona
Student Number : 210432538
Source : highlight.id.com

2. Bangka Belitung -Indonesia still put Bangka Belitung as the tin
producer area.
- Even in Southeast Asia, Bangka Belitung
has almost been the only area producing
tin (Ibrahim et al, 2018).
- 40 % of tin production was produced by PT.
Timah owned by government, while 60 %
was produced by private companies, with
the main purpose of export was Singapore,
a small part of Taiwan, Holland, India,
Japan, and others .They also supplied the
tin needs of big companies, such as Apple
and Samsung (the report of Friends of
Earth, 2012).
Source : im.mining.com

3. Unconventional Mining
(Ibrahim et al, 2018)
The dump of the tin mining (tailings) contain heavy
metals lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and cadmium (Cd) . Pb
heavy metal in residual tin mining showed a high value
5-8 mg/l. Pb classified as non-essential heavy metals
and to a certain degree be toxic metals for living
organisms.
The Impact of Tin Minning
1 1
2
Physicaly Chemical
Turbidity
Sediment
convergence
Chemical
Contamination on
fishery Body
2 Chemical
Contamination for
environment

4. Sari et al. 2018
2011
2005
2018
Physical Impact
*Figures of the abundance of Sand
and Coral reef since 2005 to 2018
*One of the main cause is The Tin
Minning ( It support the turbidity also
caused massive damage to coral reef
and rocks), furthermore it leads to the
sediment convergence.
Clear water- Turbidity- Transition into Mud –
Sediment convergence
The inland and offshore tin mining
has profound effects on the coastal
environment, resulting in the high
sedimentation in the water. Many
corals suffered physiological
damage due to low light intensity
(Srironggo, 2015)
Siringoringo, R. M., & Hadi, T. A. (2015). The condition of coral reefs in West Bangka
water. Marine Research in Indonesia, 39(2), 63-71.

5. Physical Impact – How It started
TSS was brought by
the water, as a result
of water turbulence,
consequently the
sediments will move up
to the water surface.
Moreover, there was
sediment transport
from tin mining location
and drifted by the
currents
Febrianto, Arief, Mulyono S. Baskoro, Domu Simbolon, and John Haluan. "The impact of tin
mining activities on squid (Uroteuthis chinensis) Fishing Ground in South Bangka." J. Sci.
Basic Appl. Res 23, no. 1 (2015): 283-293.

6. Chemical Impact
+ Tin mining will produce the chemical contamination to the
marine ecosystem. For example, Squid.
Febrianto, Arief, Mulyono S. Baskoro, Domu Simbolon, and John Haluan. "The impact of tin
mining activities on squid (Uroteuthis chinensis) Fishing Ground in South Bangka." J. Sci.
Basic Appl. Res 23, no. 1 (2015): 283-293.
Heavy metals penetrates into the tissue through several ways called
respiratory, digestive and penetration through the organisms skin.

7. Chemical Impact to Environment
The water and the sediment
from the washing process
bring acidic material, which
may reach the pH below 3.
The acidity negatively affects
soil flora and fauna(Nurtjahya
et al. 2017)

8. Future impact
Low Quaility of Marine Ecosystem
Stock Decrease (Reef,Fish, Squid and other fishery
product )
Fishers loose their fishing ground

9. conclusion
+ Tin minning bring disadvantage to the environment
through physical and chemical Impact
+ Need great regulation to improve for the Ilegal
Unconventional mining and tight regulation for the
company
+ Environmental assessment need to be improved

10. Febrianto, Arief, Mulyono S. Baskoro, Domu Simbolon, and John Haluan (2015) ‘The impact
of tin mining activities on squid (Uroteuthis chinensis) Fishing Ground in South Bangka’ J.
Sci. Basic Appl. Res 23, no. 1. 283-293.
Haryadi, D., Ibrahim and Wahyudin, N., (2018) ‘From charm to sorrow: The dark portrait of
tin mining in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia’, PEOPLE: International Journal of Social
Sciences, 4(1), pp.360-382.
Nurtjahya, E., Franklin, J.A. and Agustina, F., (2017). ‘The Impact of tin mining in Bangka
Belitung and its reclamation studies’. Sriwijaya International Conference on Engineering,
Science and Technology (SICEST) (Vol. 101, No. 6). EDP Sciences.
Report of Friends of Earth (2012) ‘Mining for Smartphones : The True Cost of Tin’.
https://friendsoftheearth.eu/press-release/mining-for-smartphones-the-true-cost-of-tin/
Siringoringo, R. M., & Hadi, T. A. (2015) ‘The condition of coral reefs in West Bangka
water. Marine Research in Indonesia’ 39(2), 63-71.
Picture. Willy Kurniawan, 2016 (https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2021/6/8/in-pictures-
mining-tin-from-the-sea-in-Indonesia )
References

11. Thank You