Powerpoint for Earth and Life Science - Universe and Planet Earth

1. THE ORIGIN OF
UNIVERSE
PREPARED BY:
ENGR. ANDREANA AMOR GULAY
ENGR. ARIEL S. MOTAS

2. UNIVERSE

3. THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN
OF THE UNIVERSE

4. THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF UNIVERSE
•Big Bang Theory (BBT)
•Steady State Theory (SST)
•Cyclic Universe Theory
(CUT)

5. BIG BANG THEORY
-mostwidely
accepted theoryor
model.
-claimsthatUniverse
cameintobeing
fromthesudden
explosionof a
primeval matter
about14 billionyears
ago.

6. STEADY STATE THEORY
-statesthatuniverseisinfinite,
constant, homogeneousand
isotropic.
Homogeneous – hasauniform
distributionof matterthroughout
space.
Isotropic–uniformdistributionat
anyviewpoint.

7. CYCLIC UNIVERSE THEORY
-statesthatholdsthattheuniversegoesthroughrepeating cyclesof
evolution.
Everycyclesbeginswithabang.Thus,abang isnotthe
beginningof universebutaneventwitha‘before’andan‘after’.
Abang happenswhentwo“branes”collideresulting aexplosive
eventresultingare-birthof allthingsintheuniverse.
ItthusreferthatBigBang becomessimplythelatestbang inthe
cycle.

8. SOLAR SYSTEM
Terrestrial
Planets
Giant
Planets
Dwarf
Planet

9. SOLAR SYSTEM
• TerrestrialPlanets alsoinner planets – firstfour
planetsneartheSun – Mercury,Venus, Earthand
Mars.
• JovianPlanetsalso Giantplanets orOuter
planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Neptuneand Uranus
• Gas giantplanets - Jupiter & Saturn
• Icy giant planets - Neptune & Uranus

11. What makes our planet the
only Living Planet in the
Solar System?

12. 1. Right distance to the Sun
• It is neither too close nor
too far from the Sun.
• It is within the
Goldilocks’ zone from
the sun where it is neither
too cold nor too hot for
the living things on its
surface.

13. 1. Right distance to the Sun
• It is just of the right distance for water, an
indispensable inorganic substance for life to exists in
its three physical forms – solid, liquid and gas.
• If it were too close, the water would vaporize and be
useless to life. If it is too far, water would be rock hard
to be of any use to living things. In its liquid form, it
could support life either as habitat or the very
component of cells.

14. 2. Presence of
Atmosphere Ozone Layer - protects
living things from the
damaging ultraviolet rays
of the sun

15. 2. Presence of Atmosphere
• If all heat from the sun were reflected back to space,
the planet would freeze. If too much heat were
retained, a run-away global warming would occur,
very much like in Venus.
• This heat is cause of CO2 that if too much might
destroy the ozone layer but it is also important for the
photosynthesis – fundamental process that supports
life.

16. 3. Right amount of gravity

17. 3. Right amount of Gravity
• If gravity is weaker, the atmosphere would have easily
leaked into the outer space, providing no protection
for emergent life.
• If it is stronger, the planet would be attracting
meteors that would constantly impact the surface of
the earth.

19. 4. Presence of Magnetosphere
• Without magnetic field, the atmosphere and the
surface of the planet would constantly bombarded
with the solar wind and cosmic particles that could
destroy life form.
• The magnetic field of the planet renders the particles
from the harm from the sun. One of this harm is the
coronal mass ejection where the sun ejects a
portion of its corona.

20. 5. Presence of Molecular Oxygen
•Without oxygen, molecular oxygen, life
on earth would be inconceivable.
•Oxygen supports respiration.
It is needed for energy production,
and a constant requirement
of living things.

21. 6. Presence of Liquid Water
•Presence of liquid
water in huge
quantities on the
surface of our
planet is a factor of
existence of life.

22. 6. Presence of Liquid Water
•Moon and Mars have water too but
definitely in solid form and small
amounts.

23. 7. Generation of Internal Heat
•The internal heat from the core of
our planet is responsible
the geological processes
evident on the surface –
Mountain building, &
Plate tectonics.

24. SUBSYSTEMS OF
EARTH

25. SUBSYSTEMS OF EARTH
Earth is
divided yet it
is connected

26. SUBSYSTEMS OF EARTH

27. GEOSPHERE
•The solid portion of the planet.
•The rocks, minerals, and ground that are
found on the Earth
ATMOSPHERE
•The gaseous layer above the earth’s surface.
78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen & 1% Inert Gas

28. HYDROSPHERE
•The liquid part mainly composed of
water . Oceans cover 71% of the Earth.
BIOSPHERE
•The living sphere or domain where living
things exists and actually includes portion
of the other spheres.
•Also called as the large ecosystem.

29. INTERACTION BETWEEN EARTH SUBSYSTEMS

30. INTERACTION BETWEEN EARTH
SUBSYSTEMS
• hydrosphere and the atmosphere.
Evaporation from the hydrosphere provides
the medium for cloud and rain formation in
the atmosphere. The atmosphere brings back
rainwater to the hydrosphere.

31. INTERACTION BETWEEN EARTH
SUBSYSTEMS
• geosphere and hydrosphere
Water provides the moisture and medium for
weathering and erosion of rocks on in the
geosphere. The geosphere, in turn, provides
the platform for ice melts and water bodies to
flow back into the oceans.

32. INTERACTION BETWEEN EARTH
SUBSYSTEMS
• geosphere and atmosphere
The atmosphere provides the geosphere with
heat and energy needed for rock breakdown
and erosion. The geosphere, in turn, reflects
the sun’s energy back into the atmosphere.

33. INTERACTION BETWEEN EARTH
SUBSYSTEMS
• geosphere and biosphere