COCOLINE VALUE ADDED.pdf

WHY IS A COCONUT TREE CALLED
‘’ THE TREE OF LIFE ‘’
BECAUSE OF THE ENDLESS LIST OF PRODUCTS AND BY- PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM ITS VARIOUS PARTS
( FROM ITS ROOTS TO TIPS ( LEAVES )
( FROM CULINARY TO NON-CULINARY )
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INTRODUCTION
MATURED COCONUT HUSK

INTRODUCTION
COIR AND COIR PRODUCTS CONSTITUTE ONE OF THE IMPORTANT SOURCES OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOR THE COUNTRY. BRIQUETTES, ARTIFICIAL DOOR PANELS AND MANURE ARE MANUFACTURED BY COIR PITH.
PRODUCTION OF ONE TONNES OF COIR IS ESTIMATED TO PRODUCE, IN THE PROCESS, TWO TONNES* OF COIR PITH. THE POTENTIAL OF COIR FOR USE AS A GROWTH MEDIUM FOR PLANTS, SOIL STABILIZATION AND AS
A FERTILIZER HAS OPENED UP THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPORT. INDIA PRODUCES ABOUT 5 LACS TONNES OF COIR PITH. THE NEW ENTREPRENEUR MAY ENTER IN THIS PROJECT.
“COCONUT COIR MARKET “ (2021-2026) COCO COIR IS AN INCREASINGLY POPULAR TYPE OF HYDROPONIC GROWING MEDIUM — AND FOR GOOD REASON. THERE ARE A WHOLE HOST OF BENEFITS TO GROWING WITH
COCONUT COIR THAT YOU CAN AND SHOULD TAKE ADVANTAGE OF IF YOU’RE NEW TO HYDROPONICS.
THE GLOBAL COCONUT COIR MARKET SIZE IS PROJECTED TO REACH USD MILLION BY 2026, FROM USD MILLION IN 2021, AT A CAGR OF % DURING 2021-2026.
THIS REPORT FOCUSES ON COCONUT COIR VOLUME AND VALUE AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL, REGIONAL LEVEL AND COMPANY LEVEL. FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, THIS REPORT REPRESENTS OVERALL COCONUT COIR
MARKET SIZE BY ANALYSING HISTORICAL DATA AND FUTURE PROSPECT. REGIONALLY, THIS REPORT FOCUSES ON SEVERAL KEY REGIONS: NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE, JAPAN, CHINA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, INDIA, ETC.
GLOBAL COIR MARKET BY PROCESSING BROWN FIBRE
• MATTRESS FIBRE
• SPINNING QUALITY FIBRE
• BRISTLE FIBRE
GLOBAL COIR MARKET BY PRODUCTS COIR FIBRE
•COIR PITH
•COIR YARN
•CURLED COIR
•COIR PLY BOARDS
GLOBAL COIR MARKET BY APPLICATIONS
• UPHOLSTERY-MATTRESSES
• INSULATION
• EROSION CONTROL
• AGRICULTURE
• NETTING
• MATTING
THE GLOBAL COIR MARKET IS SEGMENTED ON THE BASIS OF PROCESSING, PRODUCTS, AND APPLICATIONS
GLOBAL COCOPEAT MATKET BY APPLICATIONS
• AGRICULTURE
• ANIMAL BEDDING
• CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
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ALL INDIA FINAL ESTIMATES OF AREA AND PRODUCTION OF COCONUT – 2019 -2020
S No. STATES /UNION TERRITORIES
AREA
(''000 HECTARES)
PRODUCTION
(MILLION NUTS)
PRODUCTIVITY
(NUTS/HA)
1 ANDHRA PRADESH 111.38 1,555.82 13,969
2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 0.07 0.30 4,605
3 ASSAM 20.75 159.87 7,704
4 BIHAR 12.16 78.39 6,444
5 CHHATTISGARH 1.58 0.96 611
6 GUJARAT 27.40 264.88 9,667
7 KARNATAKA 624.03 4,300.69 6,892
8 KERALA 760.78 6,980.30 9,175
9 MAHARASHTRA 29.95 523.66 17,485
10 MIZORAM 0.03 0.15 4,350
11 NAGALAND 1.06 9.02 8,482
12 ODISHA 51.71 354.57 6,857
13 OTHERS 58.37 292.80 5,017
14 TAMIL NADU 437.57 5,373.21 12,280
15 TELANGANA 0.53 6.49 12,330
16 TRIPURA 4.61 18.43 3,996
17 WEST BENGAL 31.30 389.16 12,433
TOTAL 2,173.28 20,308.70 9,345
SOURCE - CDB
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WORLD - AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF COCONUT IN MAJOR COCONUT GROWING COUNTRIES
S. No. COUNTRIES
AREA
(''000 HECTARES)
PRODUCTION
(MILLION NUTS)
PRODUCTIVITY
(NUTS/HA)
1 F.S MICRONESIA 18.00 60.00 3,333
2 FIJI 64.00 159.00 2,484
3 INDIA 2,088.00 22,167.00 10,616
4 INDONESIA 3,441.00 13,934.00 4,049
5 JAMAICA 16.00 100.00 6,250
6 KENYA 77.00 254.00 3,299
7 KIRIBATI 23.00 198.00 8,609
8 MALAYSIA 85.00 505.00 5,941
9 MARSHALL ISLANDS 8.00 38.00 4,750
10 PAPUA NEW GUINEA 221.00 1,483.00 6,710
11 PHILIPPINES 3,565.00 13,825.00 3,878
12 SAMOA 99.00 267.00 2,697
13 SOLOMON ISLANDS 38.00 100.00 2,632
14 SRILANKA 440.00 3,011.00 6,843
15 THAILAND 184.00 686.00 3,728
16 TONGA 26.00 56.00 2,154
17 VANUATU 92.00 699.00 7,598
18 VIETNAM 165.00 1,471.00 8,915
19 OTHER COUNTRIES 1,256.00 8,115.00 6,461
TOTAL 11,906.00 67,128.00 5,638
SOURCE - CDB
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
USA CHINA NETHERLANDS SOUTH KOREA UK SPAIN ITALY AUSTRALIA GERMANY CANADA OTHERS
QTY %
VALUE %
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INDIA IS THE WORLD’S NO. 1 COIR PRODUCER BUT EXPORTS THE BULK OF IT TO CHINA, WHICH REAPS THE BENEFITS WITH
VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS. A NEW COIR PROCESSING CLUSTER IN TAMIL NADU COULD SERVE AS A TEMPLATE TO CHANGE
THE INDUSTRY’S FORTUNES
SOURCE - TOI
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COIR INDUSTRY - ADVANTAGE IN INDIA
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COIR INDUSTRY IS AN AGRO BASED RURAL INDUSTRY PROVIDING EMPLOYMENT TO OVER 7 LAKHS WORKERS IN THE MAJOR COCONUT PRODUCING STATES OF THE COUNTRY. THIS IS AN EXPORT
ORIENTED INDUSTRY WHICH EARNED MORE THAN RS. 2192 CRORES (UPTO JAN, 2019) OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOR THE COUNTRY DURING 2018-19
FACTS ABOUT
ANNUAL GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF COIR FIBRE :
350,000 METRIC TONS
INDIA’S SHARE IN GLOBAL PRODUCTION :
MORE THAN TWO - THIRD
INDIA’S COIR AND COIR PRODUCTS EXPORT IN 2019-2020 :
988996 TONNES
INDIA’S FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNING IN COIR EXPORTS IN 2019-2020 :
₹ 2757.90 CRORE
DOMESTIC COIR MARKET :
₹ 3500 Cr
MAJOR COIR PRODUCTS FOR EXPPRTS :
FIBRE , MATS , CARPETS COCO PEAT
THE EXPORT OF COIR AND COIR PRODUCTS FROM INDIA REGISTERED ₹2757.90 CRORE FOR THE YEAR 2019-20, WHICH IS AN ALL-TIME HIGH RECORD. THIS WAS ₹30 CRORE HIGHER THAN
₹2728.04 CRORE EXPORTS MADE IN 2018-19.
FACTS ABOUT INDIAN COIR INDUSTRY
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FIBRE
40%
PEAT
60%
HUSK
FIBRE PEAT
BRISTLE
FIBRE
MATTRESS
FIBRE
FIBRE
BRISTLE FIBRE MATTRESS FIBRE
FINES
15%
MEDIUM
45%
COARSE
40%
COCO PEAT
FINES MEDIUM COARSE
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PRODUCT COCONUT FIBER / NATURAL FIBER
EXTRACTION TYPE MECHANICAL
METHOD OF EXTRACTION BEATING
COLOR GOLDEN / BROWN
LENGTH OF THE FIBER 2CM TO 25CM
2 CM TO 10 CM 5%
11 CM TO 20 CM 80%
ABOVE 21 CM 15%
MOISTURE 7%
IMPURITIES 2%
COMPONENTS OF COCONUT HUSK
COMPONENT* TYPE OF PROCESSING
MANUAL DRUM
BRISTLE FIBER 27.2 13.9
MATTRESS FIBER 16.7 25.9
COMPOSITE OF COIR DUST 56.1 TBC*
EPICARP 18.4 TBC
FIBROUS DUST 2.7 TBC
COEKY DUST 35.0 TBC
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COCONUT HUSK
COMPONENT* MATURITY
MATURE YOUNG VERY YOUNG
ORGANIC MATTER 95.0 95.4 96.2
MINERAL MATTER ( ASH ) 5.0 4.6 3.8
WATER - SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES ( WS ) 26.0 29.0 38.5
PECTIN 14.2 14.8 15.2
PECTIN ( AS PERCENT OF TOTAL WS ) 54.6 51.0 39.5
HEMICELLULOSES 8.5 8.1 9.0
HEMICELLULOSES ( AS PERCENT OF TOTAL WS ) 32.7 27.9 23.4
WATER - SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES ( WS ) 74.0 71.0 61.5
LIGNIN 29.2 31.6 20.1
LIGNIN ( AS PERCENT OF TOTAL WI ) 39.5 44.6 32.7
CELLULOSE 23.9 19.2 14.4
CELLULOSE ( AS PERCENT OF TOTAL WI ) 32.3 27.0 23.4
MINERAL ELEMENTS
K 0.78 0.64 0.62
P 0.04 0.07 0.08
Ca 0.08 0.17 0.17
Mg 0.05 0.17 0.17
NITROGEN ( AS N ) 0.23 0.54 0.57
PEOTEIN ( AS N X 6.25 ) 1.4 3.4 3.6
*AS PERCENT DRY BASIS
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MATURED HUSK – PRODUCTS AND BY PRODUCTS
BROWN HUSK
MATTRESS FIBRE
NEEDLE FELT
COIR POT COIR WOOD
REINFORCED
PLASTC
MOULDED
ARTICLES
WASTE FIBER
COIR SHEET COCOLOG FILLER COIR PAPER
2 PLY YARN
GEO TEX
COCOLOG
FLOORING ROLLS WASTE YARN
COIR SHEET COIR PAPER
COIR TILES
GREEN HUSK
WHITE FIBER
2 PLY YARN
COIR MATT
FIBER WASTE
COIR SHEET COIR PAPER
MATURED COCONUT HUSK – OUTPUTS
FIBRE
MATTRESS FIBRE SPINNING QUALITY
FIBRE
COCO PEAT
REGULAR
ANIMAL BEDDING GROWING MEDIUM
BUFFERED
GROWING MEDIUM
HUSK CHIPS
GROWING MEDIUM
CRUSHED HUSK
ANIMAL
BEDDING
GROWING MEDIUM
PROPOSED COCONUT HUSK PRODUCT FLOW CHART
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TO EXTRACT COCONUT FIBRE. AUTO CONVERYING AND DRYING .OUTPUT: 6-10TON/DAY. THE COCONUT PROCESSING MACHINE USE ROLLER CHAIN CONVERYOR AUTO SEND THE COIR HUSK INTO THE
EXTRACTING MACHINE, THEN THE EXTRACTING MACHINE AUTOMACTICALLY SMASHES THE HUSKS AND SEPARATES THEM INTO COIR FIBRE AND COIR PEAT.THE COIR FIBER AND COIR PEAT WILL BE
DRIED AND SEPARATED IN THE REVOLVING SCREENER. THE COIR PEAT WILL BE TRANSFERED TO THE PEAT PACKING AREA.
COLOR COIR FIBRE -BROWN
MOISTURE UP TO 10 %
IMPURITY < 3%
LENGTH 5 CM TO 25CM
LOAD ABILITY 24 TONS IN 40 FEET HC CONTAINER
BALE WEIGHT 115 KG TO 120 KG
PACKING PLASTIC STRAPS
COIR OR COCONUT FIBRE, IS A NATURAL FIBRE EXTRACTED FROM THE HUSK OF COCONUT AND USED IN PRODUCTS SUCH AS FLOOR MATS, DOORMATS, BRUSHES AND MATTRESSES. ...
OTHER USES OF BROWN COIR (MADE FROM RIPE COCONUT) ARE IN UPHOLSTERY PADDING, SACKING AND HORTICULTURE.
INDIAN COIR INDUSTRY IS AN IMPORTANT COTTAGE INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTING SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE ECONOMY OF THE MAJOR COCONUT GROWING STATES AND UNION
TERRITORIES, I.E., KERALA, TAMIL NADU, ANDHRA PRADESH, KARNATAKA, MAHARASHTRA, GOA, ORISSA, ASSAM, ANDAMAN & NICOBAR, LAKSHADWEED, PONDICHERRY, ETC. ABOUT
.5.5 LAKH PERSONS GET EMPLOYMENT, MOSTLY PART TIME, IN THIS INDUSTRY. THE EXPORTS FROM THIS INDUSTRY ARE AROUND RS. 70 CRORES. COCONUT HUSK IS THE BASIC RAW
MATERIAL FOR COIR PRODUCTS. AROUND 50 PER CENT OF THE AVAILABLE COIR HUSK IS USED TO PRODUCE COIR PRODUCTS. HENCE, THERE IS SCOPE FOR GROWTH OF COIR INDUSTRY.
GEO CHEM OR COIR BOARD OR SGS OR R&D LAB CERTIFICATE PROVIDE AS PER CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS
THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE GENERATE WATER AND AIR POLLUTION. ENTREPRENEURS ARE TO CONTACT STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD FOR NECESSARY GUIDANCE.
COIR BOARD SCHEME
MARKET POTENTIAL
QUALITY STANDARD
POLLUTION
GOVERNMENT POLICES
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S No PRODUCTS
1 MATTRESS FIBRE
1-1 COIR MATTRESS
1-2 NEEDLE FELT
1-3 COIR POT
1-4 COIR POLE
1-5 COIR WOOD
1-6 REINFORCED PLASTIC MOULD ARTICLE
2 WASTE FIBRE
2-1 COIR SHEET
2-2 COCOLOG
2-3 COIR PAPER
3 SPINNING QUALITY
3-1 2 PLY YARN
3-2 GEO TEX
3-3 COCOLOG
3-4 FLOORING ROLLS
3-5 COIR TILES
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120 Kg COIR FIBRE BALE MACHINE
MATTRESS
ROPE / YARN
MATTING
GEO TEXTILES
COIR WOOD
CONSTRUCTION

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120 Kg COIR FIBRE BALE MACHINE

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MATTRESSES ARE MADE BY PROCESSING A LATEX SOLUTION WITH THE COCONUT FIBER. USE OF LATEX ADDS
FIRMNESS AND MAKES THE MATTRESS COMFORTABLE AND DURABLE.

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COIR NEEDLE FELT IS GENERALLY USED AS MATTRESS MATERIAL, PLANT LINERS AND OTHER HIGH END GARDEN ARTICLES. THIS IS ALSO BEING USED AS INSULATION PADS, GEO TEXTILES AND
ORGANIC MULCH.
COIR NEEDLED FELT GEOTEXTILE ARE NON-WOVEN FABRIC MADE OUT OF 100% COIR FIBER. THE FABRIC IS COMPOSED OF COIR FIBER RANDOMLY NEEDLE PUNCHED TO THE DESIRED DEGREE OF
COMPACTION.

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SPECIFICATION
GSM : 600 TO 1200
THICKNESS : 5MM TO 15MM
LENGTH : UPTO 30 METRES
WIDTH : 1MTR TO 1.2 MTR
TYPE : NEEDLE FELT MAT WITH JUTE NETTING, NEEDLE FELT MAT WITH PP NETTING,
MATERIAL : SELECTED AND DRIED COIR FIBER WEAVED IN THE FELT MACHINE.
PACKING : PACKED IN 25 TO 30 METER ROLLS PACKING IN HDPE BAGS AND PACKED IN SHEETS
APPLICATIONS
• DRAIN FILTERS- PVC DRAINAGE PIPE WRAPPED WITH COIR NEEDLE FELT
• FOR LAWN DEVELOPMENT
• READY LAWN
• SOIL EROSION CONTROL BLANKET
• ROAD CONSTRUCTION

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COIR POTS
COCO-COIR POTS ARE MADE UP OF THE COCONUT FIBRE THAT IS DERIVED FROM THE FIBROUS
BODY BETWEEN THE HUSK AND THE COCONUT. THESE BIODEGRADABLE POTS ARE AN
EXCELLENT GROWING MEDIUM BECAUSE PLANTS CAN BE TRANSPLANTED INTO
THE POT ITSELF. COCO-COIR POTS HAVE AN EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH PERMEABILITY TO WATER,
AIR AND ROOTS
COIR BASKET LINER
THE COCO LINERS ARE MADE FROM 100% NATURAL COCONUT FIBER , IT S AVAILABLE FOR ALL
OUR HANGING BASKETS, WALL BASKETS, WINDOW BOXES AND PATIO PLANTERS ETC.

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COCO GROW POLES ARE MADE BY WRAPPING COIR FIBRE SHEETS AROUND PVC PIPES OR WOOD STICKS. THE
PLANT POLES ARE USED FOR GROWING SMALL CLIMBERS AND AS SUPPORT FOR SMALL FLOWERING PLANTS.
COCO POLES BEING POROUS ENABLES THE HIGH MOISTURE RETENTION CAPACITY TO THE STICK AND ALLOWS THE
ROOTS OF THE PLANT TO GRIP NATURALLY INTO THE COIR FIBRE. COCO POLES CAN BE USED IN ANY TYPE OF CLAY
OR PLASTIC POTS. THESE POLES ARE USED IN NURSERIES, HORTICULTURE & GREENHOUSE FARMING; AND INDOOR
AND OUTDOOR HORTICULTURE DECOR ALSO FOR ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND VEGETABLES.
1 FT (30 CM) WITH 25CM FIBRE COVERAGE

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COIR PLY BOARD
COIR MEDIUM DENSITY FIBREBOARD IS A PANEL PRODUCT MANUFACTURES FROM COIR COMBINED WITH SYNTHETIC RESIN. COIR FIBRES ARE FOUND
BETWEEN THE HARD, INTERNAL SHELL AND THE OUTER COAT OF A COCONUT. THE INDIVIDUAL FIBRE CELLS ARE NARROW AND HOLLOW, WITH THICK
WALLS MADE OF CELLULOSE.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
COIR MEDIUM DENSITY FIBREBOARD IS A PANEL PRODUCT MANUFACTURES FROM COIR COMBINED WITH SYNTHETIC RESIN. THE PANELS ARE
MANUFACTURED TO A SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF 0.5 TO 0.9 BY THE APPLICATION OF HEAT AND PRESSURE BY A PROCESS IN WHICH THE INTER FIBRE BOND
IS SUBSTANTIALLY CREATED BY THE ADDED BINDER. IN GENERAL, THIS INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY UTILIZED TO MANUFACTURE OF COIR MEDIUM
DENSITY FIBRE BOARD IS AN IMPROVISED COMBINATION OF THAT USED IN THE EXISTING MEDIUM FIBRE BOARD AND PARTICLEBOARD INDUSTRY
AND THE ONE USED IN THE HARDBOARD INDUSTRY.

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USES
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS FOR NATURAL FIBRE COMPOSITES IN BUILDINGS
INTERIOR WALLS - PARTITIONING, SURFACE PANELLING
ROOF - FALSE CEILING
DOORS & DOOR FRAMES
FURNITURE, CUPBOARDS, WARDROBES
TABLES, CHAIRS, BEDS
KITCHEN CABINETS
ADVANTAGES
1. COIR BOARD IS A WATERPROOF.
2. COIR BOARD IS TERMITE RESISTANCE.
3. DURABLE FOR A LONG TIME.
4. COIR BOARD DOES NOT REQUIRE LAMINATION AS IT IS PRESSED AT 1200-TON PRESSURE AT
HIGHER TEMPERATURE.
5. THIS DOES NOT REQUIRE LAMINATION AS COMPARED TO BLOCK BOARD OR PLYWOOD,
WHICH REQUIRES LAMINATION.
6. BOTH SIDES OF THE COIR BOARD ARE LAMINATED WITH COIR AND DO NOT REQUIRED
BEADING.

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300 gsm ( TOP AND BOTTON JUTE NET WITH COTTON THREAD
PRODUCT CATEGORY ROLLED EROSION CONTROL BLANKET
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 300 gsm ( TOP AND BOTTON JUTE NET WITH COTTON THREAD
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
• SOIL EROSION CONTROL
• RE – VEGETATION
• STREAM BANK STABILISATION
• RIVER EMBANKMENTS
• LANDSCAPING
BENEFITS
• PROMOTES VEGETATION GROWTH
• ADDS ORGANIC MATERIAL TO INSERT SOILS
• WATER ABSOPTION IN LOW RAIN AREAS
• MULCHING EFFECT – PRVENTS TOPSOIL FROM DRYING OUT
• 100 % NATURAL BIODEGRADABLE FINRES
• HIGH TENDIL STRENGTH
• HIGH TEAR RESISTANCE
• EASY TO INSTALL
• FOLLOWS THE CONTOURS OF THE SOIL SURFACE
• TYPICAL BREAKDOWN – 12 MONTHS PLUS *
• RESTORATION OF AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL HABITATS
SPECIFICATIONS
MATERIAL COIR FIBRE . JUTE NET AND JUTE THREAD , 100 % BIO DEGRADABLE
DIMENSIONS WIDTH – 2 M / LEMGTH – 50 M
THICKNESS 5 -6 MM mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D – 5199 )
MASS 310 gsm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 5261 )
TENSIL STRENGTH DRY ( Kn / M ) Mc : 2.6( TEATED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 -86 )CROSS MC 1.6
TENSIL STRENGTH WET (Kn. M 0 MC 2.5 ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM 4594-86 ) CROSS MC 1,7
GRAB BRAKING LOAD ( N ) Mc 95 ( TEATED ACCORDING YO ASYM D4632 -91) CROSS 56
*PRODUCT LIFE SPAN DEPENDENT ON CIRCUMSTANCES . VARIABLE SUCH AS SOIL CONDITION , ISTALLATION METHODS
AND ADVERSE WATHER WILL AFFET PERFORMANCE

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 300 gsm PP NET (9X9mm ) BOTH SIDES STITCHED WITH BROWN PP THREAD
• LANDSCAPING
BENEFITS
• EASY TO INSTALL
SPECIFICATIONS
MATERIAL COIR FIBRE . PP NET AND PP THREAD PP NETTING IS PHOTOGRADABLE MESH 9X9mm
THICKNESS 5 -6 MM mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D – 5199 )
MASS 300 - 310 gsm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 5261 )
APPARENT OPENING SIZE NIL (TESTINH ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4751 )
TENSIL STRENGTH ( Kn / M ) Mc : 1.50( TEATED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 -86 )CROSS MC 1.01
TENSIL STRENGTH WET (Kn. M 0
*PRODUCT LIFE SPAN DEPENDENT ON CIRCUMSTANCES . VARIABLE SUCH AS SOIL CONDITION , ISTALLATION
METHODS AND ADVERSE WATHER WILL AFFET PERFORMANCE
300 gsm PP NET (9X9mm ) BOTH SIDES STITCHED WITH BROWN PP THREAD

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 500 gsm, PP NET BOTH SIDES STITCHED WITH BROWN PP THREAD ( TOP AND BOTTON
JUTE NET WITH COTTON THREAD
• SOIL EROTION CONTROL
• LANDSCAPING
BENEFITS
• EASY TO INSTALL
SPECIFICATIONS
MATERIAL COIR FIBRE . PP NET AND PP THREAD PP NETTING IS PHOTOGRADABLE MESH 9X9mm
DIMENSIONS WIDTH – 2.4 M / LENGTH – 54 M
THICKNESS 7 – 8 MM mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D – 5199 )
TENSIL STRENGTH DRY ( Kn / M ) Mc : 2.6( TEATED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 -86 )CROSS MC 1.6
TENSIL STRENGTH WET (Kn. M 0
*PRODUCT LIFE SPAN DEPENDENT ON CIRCUMSTANCES . VARIABLE SUCH AS SOIL CONDITION , ISTALLATION METHODS
AND ADVERSE WATHER WILL AFFET PERFORMANCE
500 gsm, PP NET BOTH SIDES STITCHED WITH BROWN PP THREAD

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NATURAL FIBERS HAVE AN OUTSTANDING POTENTIAL AS REINFORCEMENT IN
THERMOPLASTICS. THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS EXPERIMENT ARE TO EVALUATE THE
SUITABILITY OF PRODUCING FIBER COMPOSITES USING COCONUT COIR FIBERS.
THIS STUDY DEALS WITH THE PREPARATION OF COCONUT COIR COMPOSITES BY
USING COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE IN WHICH GOOD INTERFACIAL ADHESION IS
GENERATED BY A COMBINATION OF FIBER MODIFICATION AND MATRIX
METHODS. INITIALLY THE COCONUT FIBERS WERE TREATED IN ORDER TO IMPROVE
RESIN FIBER INTERFACIAL BONDING. THE TREATMENT AGENTS USED INCLUDED
ALKALI, STEARIC ACID, ACETONE, AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE. THE
VARIOUS REACTIONS BETWEEN THE MODIFIED FIBER AND POLYPROPYLENE
CHAINS WERE USED IMPROVE THE INTERFACIAL ADHESION BETWEEN THE
FIBERAND POLYMER USING THE NEW BOND. GENERALLY, COMPOSITES THAT
CONTAIN TREATED FIBER HAVE A HIGHER TENSILE MODULUS AND GREATER
FLEXURAL MODULUS THAN DO UNTREATED FIBER COMPOSITES. TYPICAL
MECHANICAL TESTS ON STRENGTH, FLEXABILITY, HARDNESS, AND DIELECTRIC
WERE PERFORMED AND THE RESULTS ARE REPORTED.

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COIR YARN IS GENERALLY OF 2 PLY, SPUN FROM COIR FIBRE BY HAND AS WELL AS WITH THE HELP OF TRADITIONAL RATTS, FULLY AUTOMATIC
SPINNING MACHINES ETC. THE COIR YARN IS OF DIFFERENT QUALITIES / GRADES BASED ON THE QUALITY OF FIBRE USED, THE NATURE OF TWIST,
PRESENCE OF IMPURITIES ETC.

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COCO GEOTEXTILE MATS ARE AVAILABLE IN STANDARD SIZES
GRADE /GSM WIDTH / MTR LENGTH/MTR WARP/WEFT MESH SIZE/CM LOADABILITY/
40 Ft HC/ ROLLS
400 2 50 28/20 4 X 4 140
700 2 50 40/30 2 X 2 115
900 2 50 48/36 1.5 X 1.5 90

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION COIR YARN 400 gsm
• LANDSCAPING
SPECIFICATIONS
MATERIAL 100 % COIR FIBRE
THICKNESS 5 mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D – 5199 )
APPARENT OPENING SIZE 25mm X 32 mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D
4751 )
TENSIL STRENGTH DRY ( Kn / M ) Mc : 9.1 ( TEATED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 )
CROSS 6.8 )
ELONGATION AT BREAKAGE Mc 8.1 ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 )
CROSS 39
GRAB ELONGATION ( % ) Mc 23 ( TEATED ACCORDING YO ASYM D4632 )
CROSS 39
OPEN AREA % 68 % CALCULATED
ROLL WEIGHT 40 Kg

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• LANDSCAPING
SPECIFICATIONS
THICKNESS 5 mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D – 5199 )
APPARENT OPENING SIZE 17 mm X 20 mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D
4751 )
TENSIL STRENGTH DRY ( Kn / M ) Mc : 9.1 ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 )
CROSS 8.1 )
ELONGATION AT BREAKAGE Mc 30 ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 )
CROSS 30
GRAB ELONGATION ( % ) Mc 26 ( TEATED ACCORDING YO ASYM D 4632 )
CROSS 39
ROLL WEIGHT 70 Kg

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• LANDSCAPING
SPECIFICATIONS
THICKNESS 4- 5 mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D – 5199 )
APPARENT OPENING SIZE 10 mm X 12 mm ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D
4751 )
TENSIL STRENGTH DRY ( Kn / M ) Mc : 10.68 ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 )
CROSS 8.1 )
ELONGATION AT BREAKAGE Mc 36 ( TESTED ACCORDING TO ASTM D 4595 )
CROSS 36
GRAB ELONGATION ( % ) Mc 23 ( TEATED ACCORDING YO ASYM D 4632 )
CROSS 23
ROLL WEIGHT 45 Kg

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COIR GEOTEXTILES PROTECT LAND SURFACE AND PROMOTE QUICK VEGETATION. GEOTEXTILES ARE A WONDERFUL TREASURE OF NATURAL ECHO FRIENDLY,
EROSION CONTROL BLANKETS IN WOVEN AND NON-WOVEN PREPARATIONS. TOTALLY BIODEGRADABLE, GEOTEXTILES HELP SOIL STABILISATION AND RENEW
VEGETATION IN VARYING SLOPES. PROJECTS.
COIR GEO TEXTILES USES

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STABILIZE THE SOIL TEMPORARILY WHEN CONSTRUCTION
COIR GEO-TEXTILES CAN BE USED TO ROADS OR BANKS.. COIR GEOTEXTILES ARE BEING USED AS A SEPARATION CUM DRAINAGE LAYER IN
THE ROAD. IT IS ALSO INTENDED TO SERVE AS A REINFORCEMENT MATERIAL IN THE BEGINNING OF THE PROJECT.

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STABILIZE THE SOIL TEMPORARILY WHEN CONSTRUCTION
COIR MATS, MATTINGS, RUGS, MOURZOUKS AND CARPETS ARE PRIMARILY USED AS DOOR MATS AND FLOOR FURNISHING MATERIAL IN HOUSEHOLDS, OFFICES, MEETING
HALLS, STAIRS / CORRIDORS AND AUDITORIUM. THESE PRODUCTS ARE USED BOTH FOR DECORATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL PURPOSES. A MULTITUDE OF DESIGNS / PATTERNS IN
NATURAL, BLEACHED AND SOLID COLOURS ARE AVAILABLE.

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COIR TILES
MATTINGS ARE CUT, RUBBERISED AND FINISHED WITH NARROW STRAIGHT EDGES,
ENABLING IT TO BE LAID TOGETHER TO FORM TILES. COIR TILES HAVE INHERENT STRENGTH FOR DURABILITY
AND STRENGTH AS IT IS MADE OUT OF THE STRONG FIBRES OF COCONUT HUSKS.
STRONG AND ECO-FRIENDLY COIR TILES COME IN INNOVATIVE DESIGNS SO THAT IT CAN MAKE THE FLOORS
LOOK CLASSY.
COIR TILES

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THE EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS EROSION CONTROL COIR LOG IS A NATURAL FIBER PRODUCT DESIGNED TO PROVIDE SOIL STABILIZATION
AND SUPPORT ALONG RIVER BANKS, SLOPES, STEAMS, HILLSIDES, AND OTHER EROSION PRONE AREAS. OFFERING A HIGH LEVEL OF STRENGTH
AND REINFORCEMENT, OUR COIR FIBER ROLLS FEATURE DENSELY PACKED MATTRESS COIR FIBERS THAT ARE PLACED INSIDE A TUBULAR COIR
TWINE NETTING. BOTH COMPONENTS ARE ALL NATURAL AND BIODEGRADABLE, MAKING COIR LOGS SAFE FOR THE SURROUNDING
ENVIRONMENT.
THE MOST APPROPRIATE SIZE FOR COCONUT FIBER LOGS DEPENDS ON THE FLOW AND SLOPE OF YOUR PROJECT. STANDARD COIR LOGS ARE
AVAILABLE IN DIAMETERS BETWEEN 12 AND 20 INCHES AND 10 FEET IN LENGTH. TWINE CAN BE USED TO JOIN MULTIPLE SECTIONS OF COIR
FIBER ROLLS TOGETHER.
EROSION CONTROL COIR LOG
COIR FIBER ROLLS FOR SOIL STABILIZATION
DIAMETER 12" (30 CM) 16" (40 CM) 20" (50 CM)
WEIGHT
5.5 LBS./FT.
(8.2 KG/M)
9.5 LBS./FT.
(14.1 KG/M)
15 LBS./FT.
(22.3 KG/M)
DENSITY
7 LBS./FT³ (112 KG/M³) OR
9 LBS./FT³ (13.4 KG/M³)
9 LBS./FT³ (13.4 KG/M³)
9 LBS./FT³ (13.4 KG/M³)
LENGTHS
10 FT.
(3.05 M)
10 FT.
(3.05 M)
10 FT.
(3.05 M)
OUTER NET
80 LBS. (356 N)
3 PLY COIR
80 LBS. (356 N)
3 PLY COIR
80 LBS. (356 N)
3 PLY COIR
OPENINGS
2" X 2"
(5 CM X 5 CM)
2" X 2"
(5 CM X 5 CM)
2" X 2"
(5 CM X 5 CM)
INNER CORE COIR MATTRESS FIBER COIR MATTRESS FIBER COIR MATTRESS FIBER
COCO ( COIR ) LOG

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COCONUT COIR LOGS ARE STRONG AND FLEXIBLE AND DESIGNED TO AID IN STABILIZATION AND RE-
VEGETATION OF SITES. SET COIR LOGS HAVE COMPACT COIR CORES WHICH FORM A COIR WEB FOR
SUPERIOR FILTRATION, COVERED BY EXTERIOR COIR MESH NETTING.
COIR LOGS ARE OFTEN USED ON STEEP SLOPES OR AREAS WITH EXPOSURE TO WAVES OR CURRENTS
WHICH CAUSE INSTABILITY ON A SITE.

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COCO ( COIR ) LOG USES
COCONUT COIR IS PERFECT FOR PAPER MAKING
MAKING YOUR OWN PAPER OFFERS YOU CONTROL OVER THE COLOURS AND TEXTURES. THE PAPER MAY THEN BE USED IN A VARIETY OF PROJECTS
INCLUDING CARD MAKING, SCRAPBOOKING AS WELL AS PAPER ART. INFUSION OF COCONUT FIBRE OR COIR ADDS FURTHER TEXTURE TO THE PAPER. COIR
IS A BY-PRODUCT OF THE COCONUT INDUSTRY. MADE UP OF THE HAIR LIKE STRANDS LOCATED BETWEEN THE COCONUT’S HUSK AND FRUIT, IT IS BROWN
AND DURABLE. WHILE ADDED TO PAPER IT LENDS A VIBRANT FIBROUS APPEARANCE AND TEXTURE, AS WELL AS STRENGTHENING THE PAPER..
COIR PAPER IS MANUFACTURED FROM WASTE OF COIR FIBER COLLECTED FROM COIR PROCESSING UNIT AND WASTE PAPER (CORRUGATED BOARD
WASTE) FROM LOCAL MARKET. THE PRODUCT FINDS ITS APPLICATION IN CALENDAR, BINDING COVERS AND NOTE BOOK COVERS.

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COCONUT FIBER HAS THE POTENTIAL TO REPLACE WOOD IN PAPER MAKING
COCONUT COIR CONTAINS CELLULOSE, IT CAN BE USED IN PULP MANUFACTURING. IT CAN ALSO BE UTILIZED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
CONSISTING OF A COMBINATION OF COIR FIBER PAPER PULP AND PULP FORMATION OF HVS. FURTHERMORE, FIBER PULP FIBERS HAVING THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF
ALPHA CELLULOSE MIXED WITH PULP FROM WASTE PAPER UTILIZED AS RAW MATERIAL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PAPER. THEN FORM A COMPOSITE
PAPER FEATURES SUCH AS STRONG PULL, THE ABILITY TO ABSORB INK, WRITING ABILITY AND ENDURANCE HAS BEEN TESTED. THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING THIS KIND
OF PAPER IS QUITE COMPLICATED. THEY REQUIRE CUTTING SOME PARTS OF COCONUT HUSK INTO LITTLE PIECES, COOKING THEM, CHOPPING , BEATING AND FINALLY
SHEET FORMATION. THEREAFTER SHEET SOFT PAPER IS CREATED IN THE VAT AND CLOTH IS PRESSED BETWEEN EACH OF PAPER. AFTER THE DRYING PROCESS YOU WILL
THEN HAVE A LARGE COCONUT SHEET PAPER THAT IS A BEAUTIFUL DARK BROWN

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FIBRE CONTENT 3 TO 28 % (ACCORDING TO BUYER'S REQUIREMENT)
SAND CONTENT < 2 %
SIZE OF MESH 4 MM TO 9 MM ( BUYER REQUIREMENT )
SCREENING SINGLE TIME, DOUBLE TIME, TRIPLE TIME
CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
NITROGEN 0.26%
CATIONIC EXCHANGE CAPACITY(MEQ/100G) 60 - 130
ASH (DRY BASIS,%) 3 - 6
PHOSPHOROUS 0.01%
POTASSIUM 0.78%
ORGANIC CARBON 29%
LIGNIN 30%
CELLULOSE 26%
CALCIUM 0.40%
MAGNESIUM 0.36%
IRON (PPM) 0.07
MANGANESE (PPM) 12.50
ZINC (PPM) 7.50
COPPER (PPM) 3.10
C:N RATIO 112:1
PH 5.8 - 6.8
CARBON, NITROGEN RATIO 80:1
TOTAL ORGANIC MATTER (W/W, DRY BASIS, %) 94 - 98
ORGANIC MATTER (W/W, DRY BASIS, %) 45 - 50
WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (DRY WEIGHT) 75 LITRES
AIR FILLED POROSITY (V/V, %) 10 - 12
TOTAL PORE SPACE (V/V, %) 94 - 96
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY- LEC (MILLIMHOS/ CM) 0.4-1

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• COIR IS A VERY GOOD GROWING MEDIUM FOR PLANTS. IT CAN BE A GOOD COMPONENT OF A HIGH-QUALITY POTTING MIX.
• MOST OF THE POTTING MIXES AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET STILL USE PEAT MOSS AS THE BASE COMPONENT. IF YOU MAKE YOUR OWN POTTING SOIL, YOU
CAN REPLACE PEAT MOSS WITH A GREENER ALTERNATIVE THE COIR.
• USING COCO COIR FOR SEED STARTING IS A GREAT CHOICE BECAUSE OF ITS ORGANIC AND STERILE NATURE.
• YOU CAN USE COCO DUST TO AMEND GARDEN SOIL QUALITY. COIR HAS AN AMAZING WATER RETENTION CAPACITY. THEY CAN ABSORB MORE WATER THAN
PEAT AND IS FAR EASIER TO RE-WET. MIXING COIR WITH SOIL WORKS GREAT BECAUSE:
1.COIR IMPROVES SOIL AERATION AND MOISTURE RETENTION.
2.IT LOOSENS THE TEXTURE OF CLAY SOIL AND IMPROVES DRAINAGE.
3.AND, IT ALLOWS THE SANDY SOIL TO HOLD ON TO WATER LONGER.
• COIR IS RESISTANT TO BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL GROWTH. IT PROVIDES A LOT OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO THE POTTING MIX SUPPLIERS, SEEDLING
NURSERIES, HYDROPONIC GROWERS AND GREENHOUSE GROWERS.

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A SPONGY MATERIAL THAT BINDS THE COCONUT FIBRE IN THE HUSK, COIR PITH IS FINDING NEW APPLICATIONS. IT IS AN EXCELLENT SOIL CONDITIONER AND IS BEING EXTENSIVELY
USED AS A SOIL-LESS MEDIUM FOR AGRI-HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. WITH ITS MOISTURE RETENTION QUALITIES, COIR PITH IS IDEAL FOR GROWING ANTHURIUMS AND ORCHIDS.
AVAILABLE IN RAW FORM OR CONVERTED INTO ORGANIC MANURE.
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE COCO PEAT-BLOCKS
SIZE 30X30X12CM ± 2MM
WEIGHT 5KG ± 200G
COMPRESSION RATIO 5 : 1
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 0.5MS / CM
PH 5.2 TO 6.8
EXPANSION 70 TO 80 LITERS
MOISTURE 10 TO 15%
NO. OF PALLETS 20 PALLETS IN 40 FT HC CONTAINER
NO. OF PIECES/PALLET 220 PIECES
COIR CAN BE USED AS A TERRARIUM SUBSTRATE FOR REPTILES OR ARACHNIDS. COIR FIBRE PITH OR COIR DUST CAN HOLD LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER, JUST LIKE A SPONGE. IT IS USED AS A REPLACEMENT FOR TRADITIONAL PEAT IN
SOIL MIXTURES, OR, AS A SOIL-LESS SUBSTRATE FOR PLANT CULTIVATION. ... COCO PEAT IS USED AS A SOIL CONDITIONER.
COIR PITH HAD A REMARKABLE CAPACITY TO ABSORB MOISTURE. ITS HIGH WATERHOLDING CAPACITY EQUALLED TO SPHAGNUM PEAT AND THE DRAINAGE WAS SIMILAR TO THAT OF PEAT. ITS QUALITIES INCLUDED ABSENCE OF WEED
AND PATHOGENS BESIDES BEING PHYSICALLY RESILIENT CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING THE COMPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH BALING BETTER THAN PEAT.
OTHER ADVANTAGES WERE THAT COIR PITH WAS A NATURAL RENEWABLE RESOURCE AND SLOW TO DECOMPOSE MORE SLOWLY THAN PEAT. BESIDES, IT HAD ACCEPTABLE PH, EC AND CEC AND HAD EXCELLENT WETTABILITY
SUPERIOR TO PEAT. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COIR PITH INDICATED STABIL ITY OF THE MATERIAL FOR CONDITIONING OF THE FARM SOIL FOR RETENTION OF MOISTURE FOR MULCHING AND AS A RECEPTACLE FOR SLOW RELEASE OF
ADDED NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP.
THERE WAS A GROWING DEMAND FOR COIR PITH IN WEST ASIA, SOUTH KOREA, ISRAEL, AUSTRALIA, NETHERLANDS, FRANCE, ITALY AND THE US. MALAYSIA, JAPAN, TURKEY AND TAIWAN WERE OTHER POTENTIAL MARKETS, IN SOME
OTHER COUNTRIES COIR PITH FORTIFIED WITH FERTILISER WAS ALSO BEING MARKETED FOR USE IN INDME GARDENS
INDIA STANDARD FOR COIR PRODUCTS .ASTM STANDARDS ,RHP ,OMRI ,BRITIAH STANDARDS , ISO SANDARDS
USES
MARKET POTENTIAL
QUALITY STANDARD
GOVERNMENT POLICIES COIR BOARD SCHEMES
THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE GENERATE POLLUTION., ENTREPRENEURS ARE TO CONTACT STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD FOR NECESSARY GUIDANCE.
POLLUTION

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S No PRODUCTS
2 5 Kg BLOCK
2-1 650 gms BRICK
2-2 GROW SLAB
2-3 DISC.,
2-4 CUBES
2-5 25 Kg BALE
2-6 PEAT PELLET

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AS A POTTING MIX:
COIR PITH BLOCK CAN BE USED AS POTTING MEDIUM. IT CAN BE MIXED WITH REQUIRED FERTILIZERS AND NUTRIENTS ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF PLANT TO BE GROWN.
FOR MUSHROOM GROWERS:
COIR PITH BLOCKS ARE BEING USED BY A LOT OF MUSHROOM GROWERS AROUND THE WORLD FOR THE LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMS
AS A SOIL SUPPLEMENT:
RE-HYDRATED COIR BLOCK MIXED WITH SOIL IMPROVES WATER HOLDING CAPACITY AND AERATION.
FOR GENERATING SEEDS:
COIR DUST IN STARTER CONTAINERS SPEEDS UP GERMINATION AND PROFUSE ROOTING OF THE SEEDLINGS.
FOR TISSUE CULTURED PLAN:
WETTED COIR BRICK IN POLY BAGS ENCOURAGES INITIAL GROWTH PHASE OF TISSUE CULTURED PLANTS AND GRAFTED SEEDLINGS.
ROLES IN GARDEN SOILS:
1. INCREASED AIR POROCITY.
COIR BEING FIBROUS IN NATURE HOLDS MANY AIR POCKETS WHICH HELPS THE CROPS TO ROOT EASILY AND PROFUSELY. THIS INCREASES THE SURFACE AREAOF ROOT SYSTEM
THEREBY FACILITATING BETTER ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS FROM SOIL.
2. GOOD WATER RETENTION:
ABSORBS WATER RAPIDLY AND HOLDS IT FOR LONGER PERIODS PREVENTING DESICCATION OF PLANTS DURING HOTTER CLIMATES ESPECIALLY IN TROPICAL AREAS.
COIR PITH : PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
GOOD WATER RETENTION
INCREASED AERATION
QUICK WETABILITY
A SOLID POTTING MEDIUM AND SUBSTRATUM FOR PLANTS.
COIR PITH BLOCKS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
!00% ORGANIC
HOLDS WATER SEVEN TIMES IT’S WEIGHT.
CONTAINS NATURAL ROOTING HORMONES.
A PH OF 5.2 TO 6.8 IDEAL FOR PLANT GROWTH.
EC NOT MORE THAN 500 (US/CM)

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QUALITY STANDARD
ASTM IS AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS.
REGELING HANDELS POTGRONDEN (POTTING SOIL TRADE REGULATION) IS THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE CENTRE FOR SUBSTRATES.
THEY CERTIFY SUBSTRATES WITH THE RHP CERTIFICATION
RHP CERTIFIED SUBSTRATES OFFER QUALITY AND INCREASE SECURITY AND SAFETY · ALL SUBSTRATES ARE PURE AND CLEAN
ORGANIC MATERIALS REVIEW INSTITUTE. OMRI SUPPORTS ORGANIC INTEGRITY BY DEVELOPING CLEAR INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE
ABOUT MATERIALS
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS) IS THE NATIONAL STANDARDS BODY OF INDIA UNDER DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS,
MINISTRY OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

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COCO PEAT IS A COMFORTABLE AND BEST SUITABLE MATERIAL FOR ANIMAL FRIENDLY BEDDING. IT IS IDEAL AS BEDDING FOR AS FLOOR LAYER
FOR ANIMAL SHEDS DUE TO ITS MOISTURE ABSORBING QUALITY AND SOFT BED CUSHIONING EFFECTS. ... COCO PEAT ALSO AVOIDS BAD ODOURS
AND REPRODUCTION OF FLIES AND THE MIDGE FLIES ABOUT 90%.
USES OF COCO PEAT – ANIMAL BEDDING

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COCO PEAT
5 Kg BLOCK 650 gms BRICK GROW SLAB DISC CUBE 25 Kg BAG PELLET

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STRENGTH
ABOUT COCO COIR SUBSTRATES
A SUBSTANCE TO WHICH ANOTHER SUBSTANCE IS APPLIED WE CALL IT AS A SUBSTRATE. ... FOR EXAMPLE, ROCK IS A SUBSTRATE FOR
FUNGI, A PAGE IS A SUBSTRATE ON WHICH INK ADHERES, NACL IS A SUBSTRATE FOR THE CHEMICAL REACTION.
COIR IS A NATURAL, AND RENEWABLE RESOURCE PRODUCED FROM MATURE COCONUT HUSKS. ... THE HUSKS ARE USED TO PRODUCE GROWING
SUBSTRATES. THE HUSK FIBER IS SPUN INTO A WIDE RANGE OF TEXTURED YARNS. THESE YARNS ARE USED TO PRODUCE A VARIETY OF
PRODUCTS INCLUDING COLORFUL WOVEN FLOOR COVERINGS.
GROWING MEDIUM COMPARISON
GROWING MEDIA PHYSICAL PROPERTIES YIELD
WATER HOLDING % AIR POROSITY lbs
COCONUT COIR 88.35 23.5 23.4 196
PERLITE 19.63 41/1 22.6 195
50% PEAT / 50 % VERMICULATE 84.78 20 21.8 193
50% PEAT / 50 % PER;ITE 57.4 35 21.4 192
ROCKWOOL 86.85 10.3 21.1 185

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STRENGTH
WHAT IS A COIR SUBSTRATE?
COIR SUBSTRATE IS AN ORGANIC AND NATURALLY OCCURRING PRODUCT USED MAINLY AS A
GROWING MEDIA OR SOILLESS SUBSTRATE FOR HORTICULTURAL APPLICATIONS. DERIVED FROM
THE EXTERNAL HUSK (MESOCARP) OF A COCONUT, IT IS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY RENEWABLE
PRODUCT WHICH WAS ORIGINALLY A BI-PRODUCT OF THE COIR FIBER INDUSTRY.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF COIR?
SINCE COIR IS ORGANIC AND STERILE, IT'S AN EXCELLENT CHOICE FOR STARTING SEEDS. COIR IS
ALSO USED AS A SOIL AMENDMENT. IT IMPROVES THE AIR POROSITY OF SOILS, EVEN WHEN WET,
AND AIDS IN MOISTURE RETENTION. COIR ABSORBS 30 PERCENT MORE WATER THAN PEAT AND IS
MUCH EASIER TO RE-WET, WHEN DRY
IS COCO COIR A SUBSTRATE?
COCO COIR IS A NATURAL AND 100% ORGANIC GROW SUBSTRATE MADE UP OF COCONUT HUSK,
WHICH MAKES GROWING MUSHROOM EASIER AND SIMPLER. ADDED TO ITS VERSATILITY, COCO
COIR PROVIDES BENEFICIAL POINTERS TO MUSHROOM GROW. ... COCO COIR IS ORIGINALLY AN
ORGANIC SUBSTRATE THAT REQUIRES LESS CARE AND MORE BENEFITS
COIR SUBSTRATES

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STRENGTH
COIR ADVANTAGES
• COMPOSED OF STRONG CELLULOSE FIBER WITH HIGH LIGNIN CONTENT, COIR HAS A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER WATER-HOLDING
CAPACITY THAN ROCKWOOL. ADDITIONALLY, COIR READILY ABSORBS WATER; A WETTING AGENT IS NOT NEEDED, AS IS THE CASE
WITH SPHAGNUM PEAT MOSS. COIR ALSO MAINTAINS GREATER OXYGEN LEVELS THAN ROCKWOOL.
• COIR DECOMPOSES SLOWLY OVER TIME DUE TO ITS COMPOSITION OF MORE THAN 45 PERCENT WOODY LIGNIN. THOUGH THE
RESILIENCY OF COIR IS IMPRESSIVE, IT VARIES DEPENDING ON AGE AND FORM, GENERALLY LASTING TO FOUR YEARS.
PRECOMPOSTED COCONUT CAN LAST FOUR YEARS WITHOUT SHRINKAGE OR COMPACTION. NON-COMPOSTED HUSKS USUALLY
LAST TWO YEARS.
• COIR THAT HAS A LOWER AMOUNT OF FIBER, CONTAINING MORE PULP, ALSO HAS A SHORTER LIFESPAN. THE FINER THE COIR,
THE FASTER IT DECOMPOSES; THE COARSER IT IS, THE LONGER IT LASTS.
• SLOW DECOMPOSITION AND LIMITED SHRINKAGE AND COMPACTION RESULTS IN A STABLE OPEN SUBSTRATE STRUCTURE THAT
AIR CAN PENETRATE. THIS ENCOURAGES LARGER, HEALTHIER ROOTS.
• ADDING LIME IS NOT NECESSARY WHEN USING COIR AS IT IS WHEN USING SPHAGNUM PEAT. THE PH OF COIR CAN RANGE FROM
5.6 TO 6.9, BUT MOST COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SOURCES RANGE FROM 5.8 TO 6.5.
• COIR IS ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AND REUSABLE AFTER IT’S SANITIZED. SINCE COIR IS COMPLETELY NATURAL, THERE ARE NO
BIOHAZARD OR DISPOSAL PROBLEMS. COIR IS ESSENTIALLY A WASTE PRODUCT OF THE COCONUT INDUSTRY. HOWEVER, THE COIR
FIBER INDUSTRY, WHICH PRODUCES THIS WASTE PRODUCT, DOES CONTRIBUTE TO SIGNIFICANT WATER POLLUTION.
RESEARCHERS ARE EXPERIMENTING WITH TREATMENT OPTIONS, AND AT LEAST ONE COIR MANUFACTURING COMPANY CLAIMS
TO BE TREATING ITS EFFLUENT WATER.
• SOME RESEARCH HAS ALSO SHOWN THAT COIR MIGHT HAVE INSECT-REPELLING ABILITIES. COIR CAN DETER FUNGUS GNATS AND
ALGAE GROWTH BY KEEPING THE TOP SURFACE OF THE GROWING MEDIUM DRY. IN THIS WAY, COIR ACTS LIKE A MULCH ON THE
MEDIUM SURFACE, DISTRIBUTING MOISTURE EVENLY WITH ITS NATURAL WICKING ACTION. HOW WELL FUNGUS GNATS AND
ALGAE ARE CONTROLLED WITH COIR DEPENDS ON THE GROWER’S WATERING PREFERENCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
• IN SPITE OF ITS ADVANTAGES, THE TREND WITH GROWING MIXES IS TO COMBINE COIR WITH OTHER COMPONENTS SUCH AS
PEAT TO REAP THE BENEFITS OF OTHER ELEMENTS IN COMBINATION. FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN MIXED WITH PEAT, COIR CAN
IMPROVE THE MEDIUM BY ALLOWING WATER TO BE TAKEN UP MORE READILY WITHOUT THE NEED OF A WETTING AGENT. PEAT
MIXES CAN ALSO IMPROVE THE CONSISTENCY OF COIR SO THAT THERE ARE FEWER CLUMPS OF “COIR FUR BALL.”
COIR ADVANTAGES

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STRENGTH
COIR DISADVANTAGES
• THE MOST COMMON PROBLEM WITH COIR IS THAT IT CAN HAVE AN EXTREMELY HIGH SALT CONTENT, ESPECIALLY LOWER-GRADE SUPPLIES. THE
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF COIR HAS BEEN REPORTED TO RANGE FROM 0.3 TO 2.9 MICROMHOS PER CENTIMETER. COIR WITH A HIGH SALT
CONCENTRATION NEEDS TO BE LEACHED BEFORE USE.
• CHLORIDE LEVELS OF 400 TO 700 PARTS PER MILLION ARE NOT UNCOMMON IN COIR. HOWEVER, THESE CHLORIDE LEVELS TYPICALLY DO NOT
PRESENT A PROBLEM AS LONG AS THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IS IN AN ACCEPTABLE RANGE.
• COIR WITH A HIGH SALT LEVEL IS USUALLY THE RESULT OF SUPPLIERS WASHING THE COCONUT HUSKS WITH SALT WATER INSTEAD OF FRESH WATER.
THE PROBLEM CAN BE RESOLVED BY BUYING FROM A REPUTABLE DEALER. CHEAPER COIR WITH A HIGH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MAY BE MORE
EXPENSIVE THAN HIGHER-PRICED COIR WITH AN ACCEPTABLE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY LEVEL ONCE THE ADDITIONAL LEACHING LABOR COSTS AND
WATER ARE ADDED IN.
• WITH A CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF 39 TO 60 MILLIEQUIVALENTS PER 100 GALLONS, COIR PROVIDES FOR NUTRIENT-HOLDING CAPACITY IN THE
MEDIUM, BUT ITS CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY IS LOWER THAN THAT OF SPHAGNUM PEAT MOSS. GROWERS SWITCHING FROM SPHAGNUM PEAT
TO COIR WILL HAVE TO CHANGE THEIR FERTILIZATION PRACTICES. BECAUSE COIR HAS BETTER WETTABILITY, GROWERS WHO ARE USED TO WATERING
GROWING MIXES CONTAINING PEAT WILL ALSO HAVE TO MODIFY THEIR IRRIGATION PRACTICES WHEN SWITCHING TO OR ADDING COIR.
• ANOTHER DISADVANTAGE OF COIR IS ITS CLUMPY FORM, WHICH MAY NOT MOVE SMOOTHLY THROUGH ALL PIECES OF AUTOMATED MIXING AND
FILLING EQUIPMENT, ALTHOUGH SOME FORMS ARE LESS LIKELY TO CLUMP. GOOD COMMUNICATION WITH YOUR SUPPLIER CAN AVOID IMPORTING
COIR THAT IS TOO SALTY, CHUNKY OR FRESH.
COIR DISADVANTAGES

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STRENGTH
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
COCO COIR, MAINLY COCO DUST, IS THE MAJOR CONSTITUENT OF MOST COIR PRODUCTS AND IT IS MADE UP OF MILLIONS OF CAPILLARY MICRO-SPONGES THAT ABSORB AND
RETAIN UP TO NINE TIMES THEIR OWN WEIGHT IN WATER. AS A SUBSTRATE, IT IS WELL-AEREATED AND COMPACTION AFTER DRYING IS MINIMAL. IT HAS A NATURAL PH OF
AROUND 5.7 TO 6.5, PLUS A HIGH CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OR ‘CEC’ WHICH MAKES IT GOOD BUT CHALLENGING SUBSTRATE FOR HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION.
NOW WHAT EXACTLY DO WE MEAN BY ‘CEC’? IT ALL COMES DOWN TO HOW EASILY THE SUBSTRATE RELEASES NUTRIENTS THAT CAN THEN BE TAKEN UP BY THE
PLANT’S ROOTS. IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THIS, WE SHOULD THINK OF THE SUBSTRATE AS A STOREHOUSE FOR PLANT NUTRIENTS. MANY NUTRIENTS, SUCH
AS CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM, MAY BE SUPPLIED TO PLANTS FROM RESERVES HELD IN THE SUBSTRATE. OTHERS, LIKE POTASSIUM, ARE ADDED REGULARLY TO
THE SUBSTRATE AS FERTILISER SO THAT THEY CAN BE TAKEN UP BY THE PLANTS AS THEY ARE NEEDED. THE RELATIVE ABILITY OF THE SUBSTRATE TO STORE A
PARTICULAR GROUP OF NUTRIENTS – CALLED CATIONS – IS CALLED THE CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OR CEC OF THAT SUBSTRATE
SCHEMATIC OVERVIEW OF THE CATION ION EXCHANGE IN COCO SUBSTRATE. A COCO SUBSTRATE MAY CONSIST OF COIR CHIPS, COIR FIBRE AND COIR PITH.
CHIPS ARE THE BIGGEST PARTICLES OF COCO USED, AND THE DUST IS MADE UP OF THE SMALLEST. THE COCO SUBSTRATE CAN BE SEEN AS A MIX OF
MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES WHICH CARRY A NEGATIVE CHARGE. EACH PARTICLE ATTRACTS POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS. THIS IS WHY NATURAL, UNTREATED COCO
PARTICLES HAVE HIGH AMOUNTS OF SODIUM (NA+) AND POTASSIUM (K+) IONS. DURING CULTIVATION, THESE IONS ARE RELEASED MAKING THEM AVAILABLE
FOR THE PLANTS. UNFORTUNATELY, DIVALENT IONS LIKE CALCIUM (CA2+) AND MAGNESIUM (MG2+) BIND TO THE COCO SUBSTRATE IN THEIR PLACE. THIS
MEANS THAT THESE NUTRIENTS ARE LESS AVAILABLE FOR THE PLANTS, SO THERE MAY BE A SHORTAGE OF CALCIUM OR MAGNESIUM. WHEN WE USE A
‘WASHED AND BUFFERED’ COCO SUBSTRATE (RIGHT), THE COCO HAS BEEN PRE-TREATED WITH CALCIUM FERTILISER TO ENHANCE THE POTASSIUM-CALCIUM
EXCHANGE.
COCO SUBSTRATE THAT HAS BEEN PRE-TREATED IN THIS WAY IS UNLIKELY TO RELEASE EXCESS POTASSIUM OR BIND THE CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM THAT THE
PLANTS NEED. THE RESULT: HEALTHY PLANTS WITH NO SYMPTOMS OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

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STRENGTH
WASHING AND BUFFERING
COCO COIR, IN ITS UNPROCESSED FORM, TENDS TO BE HIGH IN BOTH
SODIUM AND POTASSIUM COMPARED TO SPHAGNUM PEAT. WE KNOW
THAT THE SODIUM CAN EASILY BE LEACHED FROM THE MATERIAL USING
IRRIGATION. POTASSIUM IS ALSO RELEASED AND BECOMES AVAILABLE
FOR THE PLANTS. UNFORTUNATELY, DIVALENT IONS LIKE CALCIUM AND
MAGNESIUM THEN BIND TO THE COCO PARTICLES INSTEAD. THIS MAY
RESULT IN EXCESS LEVELS OF POTASSIUM, AND A
SIMULTANEOUS DEFICIENCY OF CALCIUM OR MAGNESIUM.
OF COURSE, THIS IS SOMETHING THAT GROWERS NEED TO AVOID AND
TO PREVENT IT FROM HAPPENING THE COCO SUBSTRATE IS OFTEN
WASHED THOROUGHLY TO LEACH EXCESS SODIUM AND CHLORIDE. IT IS
THEN PRE-TREATED WITH A CALCIUM FERTILISER SUCH AS CALCIUM
NITRATE TO ENHANCE THE POTASSIUM-CALCIUM EXCHANGE. THIS
PROCESS IS CALLED BUFFERING AND IT PRODUCES A COCO
SUBSTRATE THAT IS NOT LIKELY TO RELEASE EXCESS POTASSIUM OR BIND
THE CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM REQUIRED FOR PLANT GROWTH

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STRENGTH
TREATMENT WATER 1000 LTRS WATER + 8 KG CANO
BUFFERING RATIO 200 LTRS TREATED WATER + 1 Cu Mt ( 1000 LTR ) COCO PEAT
PRE WASH
THE FIRST STEP IS TO HYDRATE OR EXPAND THE COCO PEAT COMPLETELY. ONCE EXPANDED,
LEAVE THE COCO PEAT UNTIL THESE IS NO MORE WATER RUNOFF.
ADD TREATED WATER
IDEALLY THE TREATED WATER SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED OVER A 24 HOUR PERIOD VIA A
SLOW SPRINKLER SYSTEM
BUFFERING PERIOD
LEAVE THE HEAP FOR 2 DAYS FOR THE BUFFER TO TAKE FULL EFFECT AND FOR OPTIMUM
RESULTS.
FINISHING
RINSE THE COCO PEAT ONCE MORE – I.E. LET THE ALL THE WATER RUN OFF, FILL THE
WASHDAY AGAIN WITH WATER AND LET IT THEN RUN OFF ONCE MORE
OUTPUT BUFFERED COCO PEAT

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STRENGTH
PROPERTIES OF COCO COIR DURING CULTIVATION
PLANTS GROWN IN COIR CAN DEVELOP LARGE ROOTS, STEMS AND
BLOOMS. UNLIKE REGULAR POTTING SOIL, WHICH CAN EASILY
BECOME COMPACTED, COCO COIR RETAINS PLENTY OF AIR
POCKETS LEAVING ROOM FOR THE ROOT SYSTEM TO GROW. THIS
GIVES RISE TO A HEALTHY AEROBIC RHIZOSPHERE – ESSENTIAL FOR
GOOD UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS AND WATER. SOME CROPS LIKE
TOMATO OR SWEET CHILLI MAY TEND TO GROW MORE
VEGETATIVELY, MEANING THAT THE PLANTS WILL LOOK HEALTHY AND
GROW FAST AND STRONG BUT WILL ACTUALLY PRODUCE RELATIVELY
FEWER FLOWERS AND FRUITS. FOR GROWERS, THIS IS SOMETHING TO
BE AVOIDED, OF COURSE, BECAUSE THEY WILL WANT TO MAXIMIZE
THEIR HARVEST. AS YOU CAN READ IN OUR OTHER ARTICLE ON COCO,
SMALL ADJUSTMENTS IN THE FERTILISATION REGIME CAN RESOLVE
THESE PROBLEMS.
COCO COIR HAS A NATURALLY HIGH LIGNIN CONTENT WHICH
ENCOURAGES BENEFICIAL MICRO-ORGANISMS AROUND THE ROOTS
AND DISCOURAGES DECOMPOSITION, MAKING IT AN IDEAL GROWING
MEDIA FOR REUSE.
PROPERTIES OF COCO COIR DURING CULTIVATION

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STRENGTH
GROWING MEDIA CONSIDERATIONS
A GROWING MEDIUM SHOULD PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR THE PLANT ROOT SYSTEM. THE MEDIUM SHOULD ALSO
ALLOW THE ROOTS TO PENETRATE EASILY IN SEARCH OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS. THIS MEANS A MEDIUM
SHOULD BE ABLE TO PROVIDE AMPLE PORE SPACE FOR OXYGEN AND TO HOLD WATER AND NUTRIENTS.
THE FOLLOWING ARE BASIC CONSIDERATIONS WHEN CHOOSING A GROWING MEDIUM:
* AVAILABILITY
* WEIGHT
* UNIFORMITY AND CONSISTENCY
* OPTIMAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, INCLUDING POROSITY AND WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY
* OPTIMAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, INCLUDING MINERAL ION CONCENTRATION AND PH
* LOW DECOMPOSITION
* REUSABLE AND EASE OF DISPOSAL
* COST
* ORGANIC CERTIFICATION
GROWING MEDIUM CONSIDERATIONS

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STRENGTH COCO SUBSTRATES
COCO PEAT
5 Kg BLOCK 650 gms BRICK GROW SLAB DISC CUBE 25 Kg BAG PELLET

cocoline
STRENGTH
5 Kg COCO SUBSTRATES
5 Kg COIR SUBSTRATES
100 % COCO PEAT 100 % HUSK CHIPS 100 % CRUSHED HUSK
COCO PEAT + HUSK
CHIPS

cocoline
STRENGTH
5 Kg 100 % COCOPEAT SUBSTRATES
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE COCO PEAT-BLOCKS
WEIGHT 5KG ± 200G
PH 5.2 TO 6.8
EXPANSION 70 TO 80 LITERS
MOISTURE 10 TO 15%
COCOPEAT IS AN EXCELLENT GROWING MEDIUM FOR HOME & LAWN GARDEN
PLANTS. IT IS WIDELY USED WITH POTTED PLANTS & ALSO IT IS ONE OF THE BEST
MEDIA FOR SEED GERMINATION. IT IMPROVES AERATION IN THE SOIL FOR OPTIMAL
ROOT GROWTH WHILE MAINTAINING THE IDEAL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY FOR PLANTS.

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STRENGTH
5 Kg - HUSK CHIPS SUBSTRATES
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE COCO PEAT + HUSK CHIPS BLOCK
SIZE 30 X 30 X 12 – 14 CM
WEIGHT 4.5 – 5 Kgs
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY <0.5 mS
PH 5.2 – 6.8
EXPANSION 70 LITERS
MOISTURE 10 – 12 %
COCONUT HUSKS ARE CHIPPED INTO SMALL SIZED CHIPS CALLED COCO CHIPS. COCO CHIPS
ARE ADDED TO POTTING SOIL OR MIXED WITH COCO PEAT TO REGULATE THE AERATION OF
GROWING MEDIUM AND MAINTAIN THE IDEAL AIR TO MOISTURE RATIO FOR THE PLANT
ROOTS.

cocoline
STRENGTH
5 Kg - COCO PEAT + HUSK CHIPS SUBSTRATES
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE 100 % HUSK CHIPS BALE
SIZE 30 X 30 X 12 – 15 CM
WEIGHT 4.5- 5 Kgs
PH 52- 6.8
EXPANSION 70 LITERS
MOISTURE 12 – 15 %
COCONUT HUSKS ARE CHIPPED INTO SMALL SIZED CHIPS CALLED COCO CHIPS. COCO CHIPS ARE
ADDED TO POTTING SOIL OR MIXED WITH COCO PEAT TO REGULATE THE AERATION OF GROWING
MEDIUM AND MAINTAIN THE IDEAL AIR TO MOISTURE RATIO FOR THE PLANT ROOTS.

cocoline
STRENGTH
5 Kg - CRUSHED HUSK SUBSTRATES
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE CRUSHED HUSK BALE
WEIGHT 4.5- 5 Kgs
PH 5.2 TO 6.8
EXPANSION 70 LITERS
MOISTURE 10 TO 15%
COCONUT HUSKS ARE CRUSHED INTO POWDER CALLED CRUSHED HYUSK,. CRUSHED HUSK
ARE ADDED TO POTTING SOIL OR MIXED WITH COCO PEAT TO REGULATE THE AERATION OF
GROWING MEDIUM AND MAINTAIN THE IDEAL AIR TO MOISTURE RATIO FOR THE PLANT
ROOTS.

cocoline
STRENGTH
650 gms - COIR PEAT SUBSTRATES
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE BRICK
SIZE 20 X 10 X 5 CM
WEIGHT 650 gms
PH 5.8 – 6.8
650 Gms COIR SUBSTRATES
100 % COCO PEAT 100 % HUSK CHIPS COCO PEAT + HISK CHIPS
650G PEAT BRICK CAN BE USED IN GREENHOUSES, VERTICAL GARDENS,
LANDSCAPING & GROW BAGS. 650G PEAT BRICK CAN BE USED EXCLUSIVELY ALONE
AS A GROWING MEDIUM, BLENDED TOGETHER OR MIXED WITH EXPANDED CLAY
PELLETS, PERLITE OR TOPSOIL.

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STRENGTH GROW SLAB
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE SLAB
SIZE 100 X 20 X 4 cm 100 X 15 X 3 cm 120 X 20 X 4 cm 100 X 18 X 4 cm
WEIGHT 2 – 3.5 Kgs
COMPRESSION
RATIO
8 : 1
ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY
<0.5 mS
PH 5.8- 6.8
GROW SLAB COIR SUBSTRATES
100 % COCO PEAT 100 % HUSK CHIPS COCO PEAT + HISK CHIPS

cocoline
STRENGTH COCO DISC
DISC SIZE (In
mm)
WEIGHT
(In grams)
VOLUME
(In ml)
EXPANSION
HEIGHT (In mm)
30 3 30 50
35 5 50 50
40 8 80 60
45 10 100 60
50 12 120 60
60 20 200 65
80 40 400 65
90 60 600 70
100 80 800 100
COCO DISCS ARE PRESSED DISCS OF CAREFULLY SELECTED COCO PEAT. THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR
GERBERA CULTIVATION, AS WELL AS FOR OTHER FLORICULTURE CROPS AND POTTED PLANTS.
COCO DISCS CONSIST OF COARSE COCO MATERIAL, WHICH IS MADE OF THE HUSK OF THE COCONUT.
CUTTING THE HUSK CREATES AN AIRY, EASILY MANAGEABLE AND POWERFUL GROWING MEDIUM
WITH GOOD DRAINAGE PROPERTIES.

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STRENGTH COCO CUBES
COCO'S GROW CUBE IS AN EXCELLENT CHOICE FOR GROWERS WHO ARE
INTERESTED IN A MORE MATURE PLANT FOR TRANSPLANTING
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE COIR CUBE
SIZE 18X18X3.5 CM – 650 gms
18X18X6 CM – 1 Kg
30X30X7,5 CM – 3.5 Kgs
WEIGHT
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY <0,5 mS

cocoline
STRENGTH 25 Kg - COCO PEAT
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE 100 % COCO PEAT
SIZE 30 X 40 X 50 CM ( + / - 2 CM )
WEIGHT 25 Kgs
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY <0.7 Ms
PH 5.5 – 6.8
EXPANSION 13 – 16 LTR / 1 Kg
MOISTURE 30- 35 %
LOAD ABILITY 40 HC
NO. OF PALLETS 20 PALLETS /
NO. OF BALE 660 BALE
COCO PEAT 25 KG BALE IS MADE UP OF LIGHTLY COMPRESSED AND EASY TO
LOOSEN UP COCO PEAT. THE COMPRESSION RATIO IS 2 IS TO 1, SO THE EXPANSION
IS FAST AND EASY. PLANET COCO'S 25 KG BALE'S COCO PEAT IS LOW IN EC AND
HAVE VERY LOW SALT CONTENT

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STRENGTH
STRENGTH
HOW TO CARE FOR ACID-LOVING PLANTS
IF YOUR SOIL IS NATURALLY ACIDIC, ACID-LOVING PLANTS SHOULD DO WELL WITH ONLY
ROUTINE SOIL MAINTENANCE. HOWEVER, IF YOU’RE ALTERING THE PH OF YOUR SOIL TO
ACCOMMODATE THESE PLANTS, YOU’LL NEED TO TEST YOUR PH LEVELS REGULARLY AND
MAKE SURE YOU’RE KEEPING IT BELOW 7. A GOOD SOIL TESTING LABORATORY CAN
PROVIDE CUSTOM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HOW TO ADJUST YOUR SOIL’S PH IF IT’S
HIGHER THAN YOU’D LIKE. ELEMENTAL SULFUR AND AMMONIUM SULFATE ARE
COMMON ADDITIVES THAT WILL HELP LOWER YOUR SOIL’S PH.
PLANTS THAT PREFER ACIDIC SOIL WILL DEVELOP IRON CHLOROSIS IF THE SOIL IS TOO
ALKALINE. THIS CAUSES YELLOWING OF YOUNG LEAVES IN BETWEEN THE LEAF VEINS.
THE LEAF VEINS THEMSELVES WILL STAY GREEN. DON’T CONFUSE THIS WITH A
MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY, WHICH WILL CAUSE THE OLDER LEAVES TO YELLOW FIRST. A
NITROGEN DEFICIENCY ALSO CAUSES YELLOW LEAVES, BUT THIS ISSUE IS
DISTINGUISHABLE BY THE PRESENCE OF WEAK STEMS AS WELL.Â
MOST ACID-LOVING PLANTS PREFER WELL-DRAINED SOIL. COMPOST IS A GREAT
AMENDMENT THAT WILL PROVIDE EXTRA NUTRIENTS FOR YOUR GARDEN. USE A
FERTILIZER THAT’S DESIGNED FOR ACID-LOVING PLANTS WITH A FORMULA AROUND 10-
5-4 UNLESS YOU’RE DEALING WITH A SPECIFIC NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY.
IF SOME OF THE ACID-LOVING PLANTS ON THIS LIST INTRIGUED YOU, BUT YOUR GARDEN
IS NATURALLY NEUTRAL OR ALKALINE, YOU CAN STILL USE THESE OPTIONS IN YOUR
GARDEN BY AMENDING THE SOIL AND TAKING CARE TO REGULARLY ADJUST THE PH
LEVEL. WHETHER YOU HAVE NATURALLY ACIDIC SOIL OR YOU CHOOSE TO CREATE IT
YOURSELF, YOU’LL FIND THAT THESE ACID-LOVING PLANTS WILL LOVE A LOW PH AND
OFFER OUTSTANDING GROWTH IN THESE CONDITIONS.
HOW TO CARE FOR ACID-LOVING PLANTS

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STRENGTH
WHAT ARE ACID-LOVING PLANTS?
ACID-LOVING PLANTS ARE THOSE THAT PREFER A SOIL PH BELOW 7. THE PH, OR
POTENTIAL HYDROGEN IONS, IN SOIL CAN RANGE FROM 0 TO 14. SEVEN IS CONSIDERED
NEUTRAL, AND ANYTHING BELOW 7 IS ACIDIC. SOILS WITH A PH OVER 7 ARE ALKALINE.
THERE ARE MANY THINGS THAT INCREASE THE ACIDITY OF SOIL, SUCH AS:
•FREQUENT RAINFALL: WATER LEECHES CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM FROM THE SOIL
WHEN IT PASSES THROUGH.
•ACID RAIN: AREAS WITH HIGH LEVELS OF POLLUTION MAY HAVE ACIDIC SOIL FROM THE
ACIDITY OF THE RAIN.
•FERTILIZERS WITH AMMONIUM OR UREA: THESE CHEMICALS CONTRIBUTE TO A MORE
ACIDIC SOIL.
IF YOU HAVE NATURALLY ACIDIC SOIL, ACID-LOVING SHRUBS, FLOWERS, TREES, FRUITS,
AND VEGETABLES WILL THRIVE IN YOUR GARDEN. FOR THESE PLANTS, A PH OF AROUND
5.5 IS IDEAL, THOUGH SOME PREFER EVEN MORE ACIDITY.
ACID LOVING PLANTS

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STRENGTH
ACID-LOVING FLOWERS WILL ADD COLOR AND TEXTURE TO YOUR
DECORATIVE GARDEN BEDS. THESE FLOWERS TYPICALLY ENJOY
SOILS WITH A PH OF AROUND 5.5. MOST DON’T ENJOY ALKALINE
SOILS.
HYDRANGEAS ARE A UNIQUE EXCEPTION. HYDRANGEA FLOWERS
REACT TO SOIL ACIDITY IN A VIBRANT WAY BY CHANGING THEIR
COLOR BASED ON THE PH LEVEL. WHEN HYDRANGEAS ARE PLANTED
IN ACIDIC SOIL, THE FLOWERS ARE BLUE OR LAVENDER-BLUE. IN AN
ALKALINE SOIL, THE FLOWERS BECOME PINK OR RED. NEUTRAL SOIL
PRODUCES PURPLE HYDRANGEAS.
SOME EXAMPLES OF FLOWERS THAT THRIVE IN ACIDIC SOILS INCLUDE
CAMELLIAS ZONES 6 TO 10
JAPANESE IRIS ZONES 4 TO 9
HYDRANGEAS ZONES 3 TO 9
TRILLIUM ZONES 4 TO 9
DAFFODILS ZONES 3 TO 8
HEATHERS ZONES 4 TO 8
NASTURTIUM ZONES 9 TO 11
MARIGOLDS ZONES 2 TO 11
IRISES ZONES 3 TO 10 IN THE WEST AND 3 TO 8 IN THE EAST
BLUE AGERATUM ZONES 10 AND ABOVE
ACID-LOVING FLOWERS

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STRENGTH
ACID-LOVING TREES
ACID-LOVING TREES CAN THRIVE WITH MINIMAL ASSISTANCE IN ACIDIC
SOILS. YOU CAN ENCOURAGE A DEEP GREEN COLOR IN THESE EVERGREENS
BY FERTILIZING THEM IN THE SPRING AND FALL. THESE TREES LOVE ACIDIC
SOIL
MAGNOLIA ZONES 7 TO 9
DOGWOOD ZONES 3 TO 8
AMERICAN BEECH ZONES 4 TO 9
PIN OAK ZONES 4 TO 8
WILLOW OAK ZONES 5 TO 9
COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE ZONES 3 TO 7
ACID-LOVING TREES

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STRENGTH
ACID-LOVING SHRUBS
ACID-LOVING SHRUBS ARE SENSITIVE TO ANY INCREASE IN SOIL ACIDITY. YOU CAN
HELP KEEP THE PH LOW BY MULCHING AROUND THEM WITH PEAT MOSS OR PINE
NEEDLES.
ACID-LOVING SHRUBS
FOTHERGILLAS ZONES 4 TO 8
HOLLY ZONES 5 TO 8
GARDENIA ZONES 8 TO 11
AZALEAS ZONES 5 TO 8
RHODODENDRONS ZONES 5 TO 8
BLEEDING HEART ZONES 3 TO 9
HEATH ZONES 5 TO 8
BOTTLEBRUSH SHRUBS ZONES 5 TO 8

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STRENGTH
ACID-LOVING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
IF YOU’RE STARTING A FRUIT OR VEGETABLE GARDEN IN ACIDIC SOIL,
IT’S IMPORTANT TO SELECT THE RIGHT PLANTS SO YOU’LL GET A
FRUITFUL HARVEST. SELECT AMERICAN VARIETIES OVER EUROPEAN
VARIETIES WHEN AVAILABLE FOR THE BEST RESULTS. THESE PLANTS
TYPICALLY PREFER FULL SUN. ACID-LOVING PRODUCE OPTIONS
INCLUDE:
RADISHES: ZONES 2 TO 10
SWEET POTATOES: ZONES 9 TO 12
PEPPERS: TYPICALLY ZONES 7 TO 11, DEPENDING ON TYPE
RHUBARB: UP TO ZONE 6
BROCCOLI: ZONES 3 TO 10
CABBAGE: ZONES 1 TO 9
CUCUMBERS: ZONES 4 TO 12
SWEET CORN: ZONES 4 TO 8
TOMATOES: ZONES 5 TO 8

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STRENGTH
IF YOU’RE STARTING A FRUIT OR VEGETABLE GARDEN IN ACIDIC SOIL,
IT’S IMPORTANT TO SELECT THE RIGHT PLANTS SO YOU’LL GET A
FRUITFUL HARVEST. SELECT AMERICAN VARIETIES OVER EUROPEAN
VARIETIES WHEN AVAILABLE FOR THE BEST RESULTS. THESE PLANTS
TYPICALLY PREFER FULL SUN. ACID-LOVING PRODUCE OPTIONS
INCLUDE:
BLUEBERRIES: ZONES 3 TO 7 DEPENDING ON TYPE
CRANBERRIES: ZONES 2 TO 6
CURRANTS: ZONES 3 TO 8
ELDERBERRIES: ZONES 3 TO 8
GOOSEBERRIES: ZONES 3 TO 8

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STRENGTH
ACID-LOVING HERBS
ACID-LOVING HERBS USUALLY LIKE A SOIL PH BETWEEN 6.0 AND 7.5. SOME, LIKE PARSLEY AND ROSEMARY,
CAN HANDLE A PH AS LOW AS 5. TRY THESE HERBS FOR AN ACIDIC GARDEN:
ACID-LOVING HERBS
PARSLEY ZONES 4 TO 9
BASIL ZONES 10 AND ABOVE
OREGANO ZONES 5 TO 10
SAGE ZONES 5 TO 8
PERENNIAL ZONE 9 AND ABOVE
THYME ZONES 2 TO 10

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STRENGTH
WHAT IS GERMINATION
GERMINATION IS THE TRANSFORMATION OF A SEED INTO A PLANT. THIS IS THE VERY
BEGINNING OF THE GROWTH PROCESS FOR A SEED. WHEN A SEED GERMINATES, THE
EMBRYO PLANT WITHIN IT BEGINS TO GROW. THIS STARTS WITH A STAGE CALLED
IMBIBITION DURING WHICH THE SEED ABSORBS WATER, SOFTENS, AND SWELLS.
NEXT IS THE EMERGENCE OF THE RADICLE, WHICH WILL BECOME THE PRIMARY ROOT.
THIS PUSHES DOWN INTO THE SOIL, SOAKING UP MORE WATER FOR THE EMERGING
PLANT. THEN, THE HYPOCOTYL PUSHES UPWARD AND EMERGES ABOVE GROUND. THIS
STEM STRAIGHTENS OUT IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT AND THE COTYLEDONS, OR PRIMARY
LEAVES, WILL UNFURL. THE COTYLEDONS SUPPLY THE SEEDLING WITH ITS INITIAL
NUTRIENTS UNTIL IT’S TIME FOR THE TRUE LEAVES TO FORM.
GERMINATION

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STRENGTH
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR GERMINATION
FOR A SEED TO GERMINATE PROPERLY, IT NEEDS:
•WATER: SEEDS SHOULD STAY MOIST THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS.
•OXYGEN: WELL-AERATED SOIL ALLOWS RESPIRATION FOR THE SEEDS.
•PROPER TEMPERATURES: SEEDS DO BEST AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 68 AND 86 DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT.
WHERE TO GERMINATE SEEDS
WHERE YOU GERMINATE YOUR SEEDS WILL DETERMINE THE NEXT STEPS THAT YOU
MUST TAKE IN CARING FOR THEM. YOU CAN GERMINATE YOUR SEEDS:
•IN A TEMPORARY CONTAINER FOR LATER TRANSPLANTING
•IN A PERMANENT CONTAINER THAT’S SUITABLE FOR THE FULL-GROWN PLANT
•DIRECTLY IN A GARDEN BED WHERE THE PLANT WILL REMAIN FOR ITS LIFE
GERMINATING YOUR SEEDS IN A TEMPORARY CONTAINER IS HANDY IF YOU LIVE IN A
COLD CLIMATE WHERE YOU WANT TO START YOUR SEEDS BEFORE THE LAST FROST. THIS
ALLOWS YOU TO GERMINATE YOUR PLANTS INDOORS AND TRANSPLANT THEM TO AN
OUTDOOR SETTING LATER. STARTING SEEDS INDOORS ALSO OFFERS ADDED PROTECTION
FROM PESTS, WEATHER, AND OTHER HAZARDS.
GERMINATION

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STRENGTH
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO MUSHROOM SUBSTRATES
TO SUCCESSFULLY GROW MUSHROOMS, YOU’LL NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU’RE USING THE
CORRECT SUBSTRATE.
USING SUBSTRATE TO GROW MUSHROOMS IS THE EQUIVALENT OF USING SOIL TO GROW PLANTS.
IT’S WHERE THE MUSHROOMS WILL GET ALL OF THEIR NUTRIENTS WHILE GROWING.
JUST LIKE PLANTS REQUIRE SOIL WITH DIFFERENT PROPERTIES, DIFFERENT KINDS OF MUSHROOMS
PREFER SPECIFIC TYPES OF SUBSTRATES.
WHAT IS A MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE? WHAT IS IT USED FOR?
A MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE IS A MATERIAL THAT MUSHROOM MYCELIUM CAN GROW AND
ESTABLISH ITSELF IN. THE SUBSTRATE PROVIDES MUSHROOMS WITH THE NUTRIENTS,
MOISTURE AND ENERGY THEY NEED TO GROW AND FRUIT.
THERE ARE A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES THAT GROWERS USE. DIFFERENT SPECIES OF
MUSHROOMS HAVE THEIR OWN PREFERENCES. SO IT’S IMPORTANT TO MATCH YOUR
MUSHROOMS WITH THE CORRECT SUBSTRATE TO HAVE THE BEST CHANCE OF SUCCESS.
COCO COIR IS A NATURAL AND 100% ORGANIC GROW SUBSTRATE MADE UP OF COCONUT HUSK,
WHICH MAKES GROWING MUSHROOM EASIER AND SIMPLER. ADDED TO ITS VERSATILITY, COCO
COIR PROVIDES BENEFICIAL POINTERS TO MUSHROOM GROW. THE POROUS STRUCTURE OF COIR
MATERIAL ENABLES GOOD EXCHANGE OF AIR AND WATER SUPPLY
COIR SUBSTRATE FOR MUSHROOM GROW
COIR SUBSTRATE FOR MUSHROOM GROW

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STRENGTH
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSHROOMS

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STRENGTH
CANNABIS WITH COCO COIR
COCO COIR IS AN ESSENTIAL GROW MEDIUM AND SOIL AMENDMENT THAT HELPS CANNABIS TO GROW TO THEIR
FULLEST POTENTIAL. RESEARCHES SAY THAT COIR-BASED SUBSTRATES ARE EFFECTIVE FOR CANNABIS DURING THE
VEGETATIVE AND FLOWERING STAGES OF PRODUCTION.

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STRENGTH
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FOR PLANT GROWTH

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STRENGTH
PRIMARY NUTRIENTS
• NITROGEN (N)
• PHOSPHORUS (P)
• POTASSIUM (K)
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS
• CALCIUM (CA)
• MAGNESIUM (MG)
• SULFUR (S)
MICRONUTRIENTS (TRACE ELEMENTS)
• ZINC (ZN)
• IRON (FE)
• MANGANESE (MN)
• MOLYBDENUM (MO)
• COPPER (CU)
• BORON (B)
PLANT NUTRIENTS CLASSIFICATIONS

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STRENGTH
PRIMARY NUTRIENTS
• NITROGEN (N)
• PHOSPHORUS (P)
• POTASSIUM (K)
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS
• CALCIUM (CA)
• MAGNESIUM (MG)
• SULFUR (S)
• ZINC (ZN)
• IRON (FE)
• MANGANESE (MN)
• MOLYBDENUM (MO)
• COPPER (CU)
• BORON (B)
PLANT NUTRIENTS CLASSIFICATIONS
S No ELEMENT FUNCTION IN PLANT
1 N RESPONSIBLE FOR VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND THE BUILDING BLOCK OF FOR PROTEIN IN THE PLANT
2 P CRITICAL IN ROOT DEVELOPMENT , CROP MATURITY AND SEED PRODUCTION
3 K
ACTIVATES ENZYMES AND IMPORTANT TO A PLANYS ABILITY TO WITHSTAND EXTREME TEMPRATURES AND
DROUGHT
4 Ca STRENGTHENS SELL WALLS ( THINK OF STRONG BONES ) AND HELPS TO RETAIN OTHER ELEMENTS
5 Mg CONTRIBUTES TO CROP QUAITY .LEAF CHLOROPHYL AND ENZYMES
6 S FORMS AN ESENTIAL COMPONENT OF MANY AMINO ACODS AND PROTEINS , ALSO AIDS ROOT GROWTH
7 B IMPORTANT IN SUGAR TRANSPORT , CELL DIVISION , AND AMINO ACID PRODUCTION
8 Cl USED IN TURGIR REGULATIONS, RESISTING DISEASES AND PHOTOSYSNTHESIS REACTION
9 Cu COMPONENT OF ENZYME , INVOLVED WITH PHYTOSYSYNTHESIS
10 Fe COMPONENT OF ENZYME , ESSENTIAL FOR CHLOROPHYLL SYNTESIS AND PHYTOSYSYNTHESIS
11 Mo INVOLVED UN NITROGEN METABOLISM , ESSENTIAL IN NITROGEN FIXATION
12 Mn CHLOROPLAST PRODUCTION .COFACTOR IN MANY OKANT REACTIONS , ACTIVATES ENZYMES
13 Zn COMPONENT OF MANY ENZYMES , ESSENTIAL FOR PLANT HORMONE AND AUXIN ACTIVITY

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STRENGTHPRIMARY NUTRIENTS
THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS BOOST THE PLANT ENZYME FUNCTION, IMPROVES BIOCHEMICAL
PROCESSES AND HELP IN PLANT CELL GROWTH. LACK OF PRIMARY NUTRIENTS CAN AFFECT
PLANT HEALTH, GROWTH AND EVENTUALLY THE CROP PRODUCTION OUTPUT.
PRIMARY NUTRIENTS
N P K
NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM
HEALTHY
GREEN FOLIAGE
STRONG
ROOTS & BLOOMS
HEALTHY
PLANT GROWTH

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STRENGTH
NITROGEN (N)
FUNCTION :
• PROMOTES RAPID VEGETATIVE GROWTH.
• GIVES PLANTS HEALTHY GREEN COLOUR.
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS :
• STIMULATED GROWTH, PALE YELLOWISH COLOUR.
• BURNING TIPS AND MARGINS OF LEAVES STARTING AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PLANT.
PRIMARY NUTRIENTS – NITROGEN ( N)
MAIZE CITRUS
GRAPES
BANANA

cocoline
STRENGTH
PHOSPHORUS (P)
FUNCTION:
• STIMULATESEARLYGROWTHANDROOTFORMATION.
• HASTENSMATURITY.
• PROMOTESSEEDPRODUCTION.
• MAKESPLANTSHARDY.
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS:
• SMALLROOTGROWTH,SPINDLYSTALK,DELAYEDMATURITY.
• PURPLISH DISCOLORATION OF LEAVES.
• DYINGOFTIPSOFOLDERLEAVES,POORFRUIT&SEEDDEVELOPMENT.
PRIMARY NUTRIENTS – PHOSPHORUS ( P )
CITURS TOMOTO
BANANA
POTATO

cocoline
STRENGTH
PRIMARY NUTRIENTS - POTASSIUM ( K )
POTASSIUM (K)
FUNCTION:
• IMPROVESPLANTABILITYTORESISTDISEASE&COLD.
• AIDSINTHEPRODUCTIONOFCARBOHYDRATES.
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS:
• SLOWGROWTH
• MARGINSONLEAVESDEVELOPASCORCHEDEFFECTONTHEOLDERLEAVES.
• WEAKSTALK,SHRIVELEDSEED&FRUITS. POTATO GRAPE
TOMATO
CITURS

cocoline
STRENGTH
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS

cocoline
STRENGTH
CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND SULFUR ARE ESSENTIAL PLANT NUTRIENTS. THEY ARE CALLED “SECONDARY”
NUTRIENTS BECAUSE PLANTS REQUIRE THEM IN SMALLER QUANTITIES THAN NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS,
AND POTASSIUM.
SECONDRY NUTRIENTS
Ca
CALCIUM
STRENGTHENS SELL WALLS ( THINK OF STRONG BONES )
AND HELPS TO RETAIN OTHER ELEMENTS
Mg
MAGNESIUM
CONTRIBUTES TO CROP QUAITY .LEAF CHLOROPHYL AND
ENZYMES
S
SULFUR
FORMS AN ESENTIAL COMPONENT OF MANY AMINO
ACODS AND PROTEINS , ALSO AIDS ROOT GROWTH

cocoline
STRENGTH
CALCIUM (CA)
FUNCTION :
• AIDS IN THE MOVEMENT OF CARBOHYDRATES IN PLANTS
• ESSENTIAL TO HEALTHY CELL WALLS & ROOT STRUCTURE
• TERMINAL BUD DIES UNDER SEVERE DEFICIENCY
• MARGINS OF YOUNGER LEAVES SCALLOPED
• BLOSSOMS SHED PREMATURELY
• WEAK STALK & STEM STRUCTURE
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS
CITURS TOMATO
POTATO
BANANA

cocoline
STRENGTH
MAGNESIUM (MG)
FUNCTION :
• AN INGREDIENT OF CHLOROPHYLL.
• AIDS IN THE TRANSLOCATION OF STARCH WITHIN THE PLANT.
• ESSENTIAL FOR FORMATION OF OILS & FATS.
• YELLOWING OF LEAVES BETWEEN VEINS STARTING WITH LOWER LEAVES.
• LEAVES ABNORMALLY THIN.
• TISSUE MAY DRY & DIE.
• LEAVES HAVE TENDENCY TO CURVE UPWARD.
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS – MAGNESIUM ( MG )
CITURS
GRAPE
POTATO
TOMATO

cocoline
STRENGTH
SULFUR (S)
FUNCTION :
• AIDS IN THE FORMATION OF OILS AND PARTS OF PROTEIN MOLECULES.
• YOUNG LEAVES LIGHT GREEN TO YELLOWISH IN COLOUR.
• IN SOME PLANTS, OLDER TISSUE MAY BE AFFECTED ALSO.
• SMALL SPINDLY PLANTS.
• RETARDED GROWTH AND DELAYED MATURITY.
• INTERVEINALCHLOROSISON CORN LEAVES.
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS – SULFUR ( S )
TOMATO
BANANA
POTATO

cocoline
STRENGTH
MICRONUTRIENTS
• ZINC (ZN)
• IRON (FE)
• MANGANESE (MN)
• MOLYBDENUM (MO)
• COPPER (CU)
• BORON (B)

cocoline
STRENGTH
MICRONUTRIENTS

cocoline
STRENGTH
ZINC (ZN)
FUNCTION:
• ANESSENTIALCONSTITUENTOFSEVERALENZYMES.
• CONTROLS SYNTHESIS OF INDOLEACETIC ACID (IAA) AN IMPORTANT
GROWTH REGULATOR.
• ZINCISMOSTOFTENNEEDEDBYCROPSLIKEGRAPES,CITRUS,POMEGRA
NATE,APPLE,BEANS,TOMATO,ONION,COTTONANDRICE
DEFICIENCYSYMPTOMS:
–DECREASED STEM LENGTH AND RESETTING OF TERMINAL LEAVES
–REDUCED FRUIT BUD FORMATION
–MOTTLED LEAVES AND STRIPPING OF CORN LEAVES
MICRO NUTRIENTS
CITURS
GRAPE
TOMATO
POTATO

cocoline
STRENGTH
IRON (FE)
FUNCTION :
• ESSENTIALFORFORMATIONOFCHLOROPHYLL.
• RELEASESENERGYFROMSUGARS&STARCHES.
DEFICIENCYSYMPTOMS:
• LEAVESYELLOWISHORWHITE.(YOUNGLEAVESFIRST)
• VEINSGREEN,AFFECTEDLEAVESCURLUP.
MICRO NUTRIENTS
GRAPE
CITURS
TOMATO
POTATO

cocoline
STRENGTH
COPPER (CU)
FUNCTION :
• PROMOTESFORMATIONOFVITAMINA,EXCESSISVERYTOXIC
DEFICIENCYSYMPTOMS:
• STARTEDGROWTH,DIEBACKOFTERMINALSHOOTSINTREES
• POORPIGMENTATION,WILTING&EVENTUALDEATHOFLEAFTIPS.
• FORMATIONOFGUMPOCKETSAROUNDCENTRALPITHINORANGES
MICRO NUTRIENTS
TOMATO
CITRUS

cocoline
STRENGTH
MANGANESE (MN)
FUNCTION :
–SERVES AS AN ACTIVATOR FOR ENZYMES IN GROWTH PROCESSES.
–ASSIST IRON IN CHLOROPHYLL FORMATION.
–GENERALLY REQUIRED WITH ZINC IN FOLIAR SPRAYING OF CITRUS.
–INTERVEINALCHLOROSISOF YOUNG LEAVES.
–GRADATION OF PALE COLOR NEXT TO VEINS.
–DEVELOPMENT OF GRAY SPECKS (OATS).
–INTERVEINALWHITE STREAKS (WHEAT) OR INTERVEINALBROWN SPOTS (BARLEY).
MICRO NUTRIENTS
CITURS
GRAPE
POTATO
TOMATO

cocoline
STRENGTH
MOLYBDENUM (MO)
FUNCTION :
• REQUIRED FOR N UTILIZATION.
• NEEDED TO TRANSFORM NPNINTO AMINO ACIDS.
• LEGUMES CAN NOT FIX ATMOSPHERIC N SYMBIOTICALLY WITHOUT MB.
• STUNTING & LACK OF VIGOR. VERY SIMILAR TO N DEFICIENCY DUE TO THE KEY ROLE OF MB PLAYS IN N
UTILIZATION.
• WHIPTAIL IN CAULIFLOWER & YELLOW SPOTTING IN CITRUS.
TOMATO
CITURS
MICRO NUTRIENTS

cocoline
STRENGTH
BORON (B)
FUNCTION :
• AIDS IN ASSIMILATION OF CALCIUM, AMOUNT REQUIRED IS EXTREMELY SMALL.
• DEATH OF TERMINAL GROWTH CAUSING LATERAL BUDS TO DEVELOP &
PRODUCE "WITCHES BROOM" EFFECT.
• THICKENED, CURLED, WILTED & CHLOROTICLEAVES.
• SOFT & NEUROTIC SPOTS IN FRUIT & TUBERS.
• REDUCED FLOWERING OR IMPROPER POLLINATION.
GRAPE
POTATO
CITURS
TOMATO
MICRO NUTRIENTS

cocoline
STRENGTH
N P K Ca Mg S B Cu Fe Mn Zn
YIELD
FRUIT SIZE
FRUITS NUMBER
FRUIT WEIGHT
FIRMNESS
TSS
BITTER PIT
INTERNAL BREAKDOWN
FRUIT ROTS
ACIDITY/VITAMIN C
COLORATION
ALFALFA GREENING
ROLE OF EACH PLANT NUTRIENT
INCREASE
DEGREASE
NEUTRAL

cocoline
STRENGTH
ROLE OF EACH PLANT NUTRIENT
STAGE GROWTH N P K Ca Mg S B Cu Fe Mn Zn
1 GERMINATION
2 VEGETATIVE
3 FLOWERING
4 MATURITY

cocoline
STRENGTH
RADISH SWEET
POTOTO
PEPPERS CARBAGE BROCCOLI: CUCUMBER GOOSE
BERRIES
TOMORO CORN CURRANT
pH
EC
PPM
MOISTURE
TEMPRATURE
SUN LIGHT TIME
OXYGEN
NUTRIENTS
HARVEST TIME

cocoline
WASTE-TO-FUEL APPROACH: VALORIZATION OF LIGNIN FROM COCONUT COIR PITH
HYDRODEOXYGENATION OF LIGNIN

cocoline
MATURED COCONUT PRODUCTS

cocoline
COCONUT COMPONENTS
25%
50%
18%
7%
450 Gms / NUT
SHELL KERNAL WATER TESTA

cocoline
COCONUT SHELL PRODUCTS
COCONUT SHELL
SHELL POWDER SHELL CHARCOAL
ACTIVATED CARBON BRIQUETTES

cocoline
COCONUT SHELL POWDER
USES OF COCONUT SHELL POWDER
• IT IS USED AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR ACTIVATED CARBON INDUSTRIES.
• IT IS EXTENSIVELY USED AS COMPOUND FILLER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHENOLIC MOLDING POWDER (BAKELITE PLASTIC) AS A
FILLER & EXTENDER. IT IS USED AS A FILLER FOR SYNTHETIC RESIN GLUES.
• IT IS USED SUCCESSFULLY WITH SPECIALIZED SURFACE FINISHING LIQUID PRODUCTS (AS AN ABSORBENT), MASTIC ADHESIVES, RESIN
CASTING AND BITUMINOUS PRODUCTS.
• IT IS USED IN HEAVY DUTY HAND CLEANER PASTES AS A MILD ABRASIVE. IT CAN GIVE A SMOOTH AND LUSTROUS FINISH TO
MOULDED ARTICLES, AND ALSO IMPROVE THEIR RESISTANCE TO MOISTURE AND HEAT. IN THE GRANULAR FORM,
• IT IS USED AS A LOST CIRCULATION MATERIAL IN OIL WELL DRILLING.
• IT IS USED AS A MILD ABRASIVE IN SHOT BLASTING OF DELICATE OBJECTS AND OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS. IN ASIA,
• IT IS WIDELY USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF INSECT REPELLENT IN THE FORM OF MOSQUITO COILS AND ALSO IN AGARBATHIS,
DUE TO ITS LONG AND UNIFORM BURNING QUALITIES.
• THE PRODUCT FINDS EXTENSIVE USE IN PLYWOOD AND LAMINATED BOARDS AS A PHENOLIC EXTRUDER AND AS A FILLER IN
SYNTHETIC RESIN GLUES
APPEARANCE CLEAR LIGHT BROWN FREE FLOWING POWDER
MOISTURE 10 % MAX.
APPARENT DENSITY 0.6 TO 0.7 G/CC
SIZE 230- 240 MESH
ASH CONTENT 1.5 MAX.

cocoline
COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL
SPECIFICATIONS
MOISTURE - LESS THAN 10%
ASH - NOT MORE THAN 2%
VOLATILE MATTER - NOT MORE THAN 15%
FIXED CARBON - NOT MORE THAN 75%
FOREIGN MATTER - NOT MORE THAN 0.5%
COLOUR - BLACK
SIZE - NOT MORE THAN 5%, SHALL PASS A 0.63 CM MESH SIEVE.
THE CHARCOAL HAS A HIGH ADSORPTION CAPACITY FOR GASES AND COLOURING MATTER AND CANTHEREFORE BE USED AS A REFINING AGENT BOTH AS A DEODORIZER AND AS A DECOLOURIZER. THE SHELL CHARCOAL
ALSO FINDS WAY TO LAUNDRIES, SMITHERIES ETC. WELL POWDERED SHELL CHARCOAL FINDS LIMITED USED AS A DENTIFRICE. THE CHARCOAL IS USED BY GOLDSMITHS IN MELTING GOLD AND SILVER AND FOR OTHER
METAL WORKS. THE COMMERCIAL VALUE OF SHELL CHARCOAL LIES IN ITS USE AS THE PRIMARY RAW MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON. IT ALSO FINDS VERY GOOD DEMAND AS AN INDUSTRIAL
FUEL TO SUBSTITUTE FURNACE OIL.

cocoline
COCONUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON
VARIETY OF APPLICATION
GAS PURIFICATION
WATER PURIFICATION
METAL EXTRACTION
GOLD RECOVERY
MEDICINE
SEWAGE TREATMENT
AIR FILTER IN GAS MASK
FILTER IN COMPRESSED AIR
DEODORIZATION OF CLOSED SPACE (I.E. REFRIGERATORS, WAREHOUSE, ADSORPTION OF ETHYLENE TO PREVENT
PREMATURE RIPENING OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
DISCOLORATION OF SUGAR AND HONEY, JUICE AND LIQUOR.
TYPE SHAPE SIZE
GRANULAR AC IRREGULAR 0.2 – 5 mm
POWDER AC CARBON WITH A SIZE PREDOMINANTLY LESS THAN 0.21 mm
PELLETED AC EXTRUDED AND CYLINDRICAL DIAMETER 0.8 – 5 mm

cocoline
COCONUT KERNAL PRODUCTS
COCONUT KERNEL IS THE MEAT OF THE COCONUT FRUIT. IT IS EATEN IN BOTH TENDER AND DRIED FORMS. COCONUT KERNEL IS USED TO EXTRACT COCONUT MILK AND
COCONUT OIL.

cocoline
COCONUT KERNAL PRODUCTS
COCONUT KERNAL
COPRA
COCONUT OIL CAKE
MILK
EXTRA VCO
LAURIC ACID
LOW FAT DC SKIMMED MILK
DESICCATED POWDER
VCO FLOUR
LAURIN IS A PREMIUM ALL-NATURAL COCOMCT®-BASED OIL, A HIGH QUALITY
PRODUCT THAT DELIVERS BETTER NUTRITION, LIFESTYLE, AND QUALITY OF LIFE. LAURIN IS THE MODERN
COCONUT OIL—IT’S THE VERY GOODNESS OF COCONUT IN ITS MOST
CONCENTRATED FORM.

cocoline
COCONUT MILK AND CREAM
COCONUT MILK, A LIQUID THAT COMES FROM THE GRATED MEAT OF A BROWN COCONUT, IS NOT COCONUT
WATER. THE COLOR AND RICH TASTE OF COCONUT MILK ARE ATTRIBUTED TO ITS HIGH OIL CONTENT, MOST OF
WHICH IS SATURATED FAT. COCONUT MILK IS A POPULAR FOOD INGREDIENT USED IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, SOUTH
ASIA, SOUTHERN CHINA, THE CARIBBEAN AND THE NORTH OF SOUTH AMERICA.
CREAMED COCONUT AND COCONUT MILK ARE MADE IN A WAY SURPRISINGLY AKIN TO THEIR DAIRY COUNTERPARTS. COCONUT FLESH (THE WHITE PART) IS GRATED AND
SOAKED IN HOT WATER. THE COCONUT CREAM RISES TO THE TOP AND CAN BE SKIMMED OFF. THE REMAINING LIQUID IS SQUEEZED THROUGH A CHEESECLOTH TO EXTRACT A
WHITE LIQUID THAT IS COCONUT MILK. BY REPEATING THIS PROCESS, THE COCONUT MILK BECOMES THINNER. THE THICKER VERSION IS USED FOR DESSERTS AND RICH SAUCES.
THIN COCONUT MILK IS USED FOR COOKING CURRIES AND SOUPS. IN THE UK, FRESH COCONUT MILK IS UNAVAILABLE AND COCONUT MILK IS BOUGHT IN CANS.

cocoline
VCO
HEALTH BENEFITS OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
• MOISTURE THE HAIR AND SCALP. ...
• PREVENT SPLIT ENDS AND HAIR FALL. ...
• PREVENT DANDRUFF AND GRAYING OF HAIR.
• REPAIR YOUR SKIN. ...
• HELP TO SOOTHE YOUR SKIN. ...
• MAY HELP IN WEIGHT LOSS. ...
• GOOD FOR FUNGAL INFECTIONS. ...
• REDUCE CHOLESTEROL LEVEL.

cocoline
COCONUT DC
DESICCATED COCONUT IS A GRATED IN DESIRED SHAPE AS LIKE FINE GRADE ,MEDIUM GRADE AND DRIED UP TO 3% MOISTURE CONTENT
MAX.
THIS MOISTURE CONTENT OF LESS THAN OR EQUAL 3% WILL HELP TO MAKE SHELF LIFE OF COCONUT POWDER.MOISTURE HAVING MAIN ROLE
IN SHELF LIFE OF PRODUCT AND ITS SHELF LIFE TIME IS 18 MONTHS.
IT IS UN SWEETENED FRESH MEAT OR KERNAL OF A FRUIT OF COCONUT.
DESICCATED COCONUTS SHOULD HAVE SWEET AROMA OF COCONUT, MILD CHARACTERISTICS OF COCONUT WITH OUT RANCID .
APPLICATION OF DESICCATED COCONUT (DC):
DESICCATED COCONUT IS IDEAL FOR USE AS FILLERS, TOPPINGS AND AS INGREDIENTS,ESPECIALLY IN THE BAKING OF BISCUITS,SNACK
BARS,CAKES,COOKIES AND SO ON.

cocoline
STARBUCKS FIRST ICED ESPRESSO BEVERAGE WITH COCONUT MILK
SINCE STARBUCKS FIRST INTRODUCED COCONUT MILK AS AN OPTION FOR ITS HANDCRAFTED BEVERAGES,
CUSTOMERS HAVE EMBRACED ITS RICH, CREAMY FLAVOR WITH HOT, ICED AND BLENDED CUSTOMIZED DRINKS.
NOW STARBUCKS IS INTRODUCING ICED COCONUT MILK MOCHA MACCHIATO, THE COMPANY’S FIRST ICED ESPRESSO
BEVERAGE THAT FEATURES COCONUT MILK
2 – NON - DAIRY MARKET

cocoline
COCONUT MILK IS AN EXTRACT HYDROLIPIDIC OF THE "COCOS NUCIFERA L." WITH A PLANT/EXTRACT RATIO 1/5.
FRESH, NOT DRIED ENDOSPERM CONTAINS: 10% CARBOHYDRATES, 3% PROTEINS AND APPROXIMATELY 50%
WATER. THE COCONUT ENDOSPERM CONTAINS 35-40% OF OIL. THE MAIN CHARACTERISTIC OF COCONUT OIL IS
THE HIGH CONTENT OF SATURATED SHORT AND MEDIUM-SIZED CHAIN FATTY ACIDS.
DUE TO ITS CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATTY ACIDS CONTENT COCONUT MILK IS HIGHLY
RECOMMENDABLE TO FORMULATE COSMETIC PRODUCTS WITH SKIN MOISTURIZING AND SKIN CONDITIONING
ACTIVITY AND HAIR COSMETIC PRODUCTS TO PROTECT, REPAIR AND CONDITIONING THE HAIR WITHOUT
FLATTENING IT.

cocoline
SOURCE APCC
COCONUT MARKET IN INDIA
► MOST CONSUMPTION OF COCONUT PRODUCTS IN INDIA IS IN THE FORM OF COCONUT OIL
► COCONUT WATER CONSUMED MOSTLY IN LOOSE FORMAT
► PACKAGED COCONUT WATER IS EMERGING IN SMALL VOLUMES
COCONUT WATER MARKET IN INDIA

cocoline
AN OFF WHITE TO CREAM COLOURED POWDER PRODUCED FROM THE RESIDUE OF DESICCATED COCONUT CAKE
MATERIAL AFTER THE EXTRACTION OF VCO. IT IS A RICH SOURCE OF DIETARY FIBER AND HAS HIGHEST PROTEIN
CONTENT OF ANY FLOUR. IT ALSO HAS A VERY LOW LEVEL OF DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES WHICH MAKES IT AN
EXCELLENT CHOICE FOR CONSUMERS WHO WANT TO RESTRICT THEIR INTAKE OF CARBOHYDRATES. WITH A
NATURAL NUTTY COCONUT FLAVOUR, IT IS GLUTEN FREE AND MOST SUITABLE FOR GLUTEN RESTRICTED DIETS.
• FLOUR IS A BY-PRODUCT OF THE VCO PROCESSED FROM ITS RESIDUE
• FOOD-GRADE PRODUCT SIMILAR IN CONSISTENCY WITH WHEAT FLOUR
• DELICIOUS, GLUTEN-FREE WITH HIGH DIETARY FIBRE – FOR GOOD HEALTH
COCONUT FLOUR IS GROWING IN POPULARITY AS MORE PEOPLE DISCOVER THE MANY HEALTH BENEFITS OF
COCONUT FLOUR NUTRITION, IN ADDITION TO ITS MANY USES AS A DELICIOUS, GLUTEN-FREE, AND HEALTHY
ALTERNATIVE TO OTHER FLOURS.
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT COCONUT FLOUR NUTRITION? COCONUT FLOUR IS HIGH IN FIBER,
PROTEIN, AND HEALTHY FATS AND IS FREE FROM WHEAT AND OTHER GRAINS. IT IS ALSO LOW IN SUGAR,
DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES AND CALORIES, AND HAS A LOW SCORE ON THE GLYCEMIC INDEX.
THIS MAKES COCONUT FLOUR A FAVORITE AMONGST PALEO DIETERS, GLUTEN FREE EATERS INCLUDING THOSE
WITH CELIAC DISEASE OR A GLUTEN SENSITIVITY, THOSE WITH DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS LIKE LEAKY
GUT SYNDROME, ANYONE WITH A NUT ALLERGY, THOSE WITH DIABETES, VEGETARIANS, AND JUST ABOUT
EVERYONE ELSE IN BETWEEN.
COCONUT CAKE FLOUR

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