.

1. Collection of
Data

2. What is Data?
convey information
describe quantity , quality, facts,
statistics
other basic units of meaning that may
be further interepted.
Data is a collection of discrete values that:

3. Primary Source
S
O
U
R
C
E
S
O
F
D
A
T
A
Secondary Source
It collects data
by itself
It makes available
which were made
by some other
agency

4. TYPES OF
DATA
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Obtained by a study specifically designed
They are original in character.
Generated from large number of survey.
to fullfill data needsof the problem.
They are not originally collected but
obtained from published or unpublished
sourses.

5. METHODS OF
COLLECTING
PRIMARY
DATA
Direct personal interviews
Indirect personal interviews
Information from correspondents
Mailed questionnaries methods
Schedules sent through enumerators

6. Response is more
encouraging.
More accurate and
interpreting results
are obtained.
We can twist the
question as per our
choice.
Communication
can be adjusted.
Method Merits Demerits
Very costly.
Chances of
personal prejudice
& bias.
Interviewers have
to be trained &
supervised.
Time consuming.
Suitability
Intensive rather
than extensive
field surveys
Direct Personal Interview
Face to face
contact with
persons from
whom the
information is to
be obtained.

7. Methods
Gaining
information from
3rd parties.
Witness should
be capable of
supplying
necessary
information.
Popular method
in practice.
Merits
Economical in
terms of time, cost
and manpower.
Confidential
information can be
collected.
Unbiased and
reliable
information.
Simple method
Demerits
Accuracy of
information is less.
Leads to doubtful
conclusion due
Suitability
In cases where
indirect sources of
information are
required.
Indirect Oral Interviews

8. Information
from
correspondents
Method
By arranging local agents in different places to collect
information.
They collect & transmit information to central office.
Final data is processed in central office.
Merits
More reliable data.
Sensitive questions can be avoided.
Questions can be adjusted.
Demerits
Too expensive.
Need large number of enumerators.
Time taking.
Suitability
Used where information is to be obtained at
regular intervals from a wide area.

9. Mailed
Questionnarie
Method
Method
Interviewers asks questions and gets answers only
through e-mails.
Merits
Easily adopted in wide areas.
Relatively very cheap.
Superior to personal interviews.
Demerits
Can be adopted only where informants are literate.
Uncertainity of response.
Dont know the accuracy.
Suitability
Appropriate in case of extensive surveys.

10. Methods
Enumerators
contact
informants.
Get replies to
the questions in
schedule.
Fill them in their
own
handwriting.
Merits
Mostly for
illiterates.
Very reliable
information.
Demerits
Depends on
enumerators.
Skill of
interviewers.
Suitability
Popular to
use
Schedules sent through Enumerators

11. Methods of colleting
Secondary Data
Published
Data
Unpublished
Data

12. PUBLISHED
SOURCES OF
SECONDARY DATA
Publications of Private Institutes
Publications of Autonomous Institutes
Reports
Semi official Pulications
Official Publications

13. Reports of committes & commissions
REPORTS &
OFFICIAL
PUBLICATIONS
International Bodies
Publications of centeral government
Publications of state government
Important Reports
1
2
3
4
5

14. UNPUBLISHED
SOURCES OF
SECONDARY DATA
Some records of
government & private
studies made by
Research institutions
Studies made by
scholars etc.,
They can be used
where necessary
Statisticall material is not
always published

15. CHOICE BETWEEN
PRIMARY &
SECONDARY DATA
It depends on:
Nature & scope of
enquiry
1.
2. Availability of financial
resources
3.Degree of accuracy
desired.
4.Availability of time &
collecting agency

16. THANKS
FOR WATCHING