In this part we will study about various crude drugs which are being used as antihypertensives, antitussive amd anti rheumatics. All the drugs given are as per the syllabus of D. pharm ER20 Syllabus. Although it can be used for bpharm as well.

1. STUDY OF CRUDE DRUGS
ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE, ANTI-TUSSIVE, ANTI-RHEUMATICS
ANUBHAV GUPTA
B. PHARM
Institute of Pharmacy
VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur
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2. • These are the agents which lowers the hypertension or blood pressure.
• This can be achieved either by Diuresis (Furosemide), inhibiting ACE
(Enalpril), blocking Calcium channels (Amlodipin), Alpha (Terazosin) and
Beta Receptors (Metoprolol) or Angiotensin-II receptors (Telmisartan).
• Crude Drugs having this action are:
• Rauwolfia
• Garlic
ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE
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3. Rauwolfia
• Synonyms: Sarpagandha, Chandrika;
Indian snake root.
• Biological Source: Rauwolfia consists of
dried roots of Rauwolfia serpentina .
• Family: Apocynaceae.
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4. Rauwolfia
Morphology:
Colour: Light-brown to brown, with short fractures.
Odor: Mild
Taste: Bitter
Chemical Test:
• Reserpine shows violet-red colour with vanillin in
acetic acid.
• Shows positive test for alkaloids.
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5. Rauwolfia
Chemical Constituents:
• Rauwolfia contains about 0.7–2.4% total alkaloidal
bases.
• The important bases are reserpine, rescinnamine, and
deserpidine.
• The other alkaloidal components are ajmalinine,
ajmaline, ajmalicine serpentine, serpentinine,
tetrahydroreserpine, and yohambinine.
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Serpentine

6. Rauwolfia
Therapeutic Efficacy:
• Rauwolfia is used as hypnotic, sedative and
antihypertensive.
• It also cures pain due to affections of the
bowels.
• It is given in labours to increase uterine
contractions and in certain neuropsychiatric
disorders.
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7. ANTI-TUSSIVE
• Antitussives are simply cough suppressant.
• Antitussives are a heterogeneous class of compounds that inhibit cough
through either a central or a peripheral mechanism, or a mixture of the two.
• Drugs like Dextromethorphan, Codeine, camphor and Menthol has anti-
tussive action.
• Crude Drugs having this action are:
• Vasaka
• Tolu Balsam
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8. VASAKA
• Synonyms: Vasica, Adhatoda,
Malabar nut.
• Biological Source: Vasaka
consists of dried and fresh leaves
Adhatoda vasica.
• Family: Acanthaceae.
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9. VASAKA
Morphology:
It is a dense shrub having height of 1.2-2.4
m., the bark is yellowish in colour, and
leaves are 10-13 cm long.
Colour: Leaves are light green
Odor: Characteristic
Taste: Bitter
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10. VASAKA
Chemical Constituents:
• Vasaca have various chemical compounds like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids,
terpenes, sugar and glucosides.
• The chief chemical compound is vasicine.
• It also contains vasicinone, vasicinolone, adhatinine, vasinol.
• Leaves of vasaca contain vitamin C in large amount.
• They also have carotene and essential oil in large amount.
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11. VASAKA
Therapeutic Efficacy:
• Vasaka is used as antitussive agent.
• It is a good expectorant and bronchodilator.
• Vasicine shows oxytocic property and it also has abortifacient action.
• The large doses are irritant and causes vomiting and diarrhoea.
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12. Tolu Balsam
• Synonyms: Thomas balsam, resin tolu,
balsam of tolu.
• Biological Source: Tolu Balsam is
obtained by incision of stem
of Myroxylon balsamum.
• Family: Papilionaceae.
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13. Tolu Balsam
Morphology:
Tolu Balsam occurs as soft, yellowish-brown or brown, semisolid,
transparent in thin layers, brittle when old, dried or kept in cold.
Colour: Pinkish-grey to Brown
Odour: Aromatic
Taste: Aromatic, Vanilla-like and pungent
Chemical Test:
1. Alcoholic solution of Balsam Tolu (1 g) gives green colour with
ferric chloride due to tolu-resinotannols.
2. Alcoholic solution of Balsam Tolu is acidic to litmus paper.
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14. Tolu Balsam
Chemical Constituents:
• Tolu Balsam contains resin (80%) which is a mixture
of resin alcohols combined with cinnamic and
benzoic acids.
• It also have other aromatic acids (8–15%) benzyl
benzoate, benzyl cinnamate, vanillin, styrene,
eugenol, ferulic acid, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons,
alcohols, and triterpenoids.
• Tolu Balsam contains 35 to 50% of total balsamic
acids.
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15. Tolu Balsam
Therapeutic Efficacy:
• Balsam of Tolu is used as an antitussive, expectorant,
stimulant, and antiseptic.
• It is an ingredient of cough mixtures and compound benzoin
tincture.
• It is also used as a flavouring agent in syrups, confectionery,
chewing gums, and perfumes.
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16. ANTI-RHEUMATICS
• These are the agents which are used in treatment of rheumatism or
rheumatoid arthritis.
• They reduces the rheumatic pain and stiffness.
• Rheumatism is auto-immune disease and
progressive form of arthritis having fatal effect on
joints.
• Crude drugs used in treatment are: Bosewellia serrata and Colchicum seeds.
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17. Colchicum Seeds
• Synonyms: Autumn crocus, Meadow Saffron.
• Biological Source: Colchicum consists of
dried ripe seeds and corms of Colchicum
autumnale.
• Family: Liliaceae.
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18. Colchicum Seeds
Morphology:
Seeds are 2–3 mm in diameter, globular. Outer surface is very
hard. Endosperm is large and oily.
Colour: Dark reddish brown
Odour: Odourless
Taste: Bitter-acrid
Chemical Test:
Colchicum corm with sulphuric acid (70%) or conc. HCl produces
yellow colour due to the presence of colchicines.
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19. Colchicum Seeds
Chemical Constituents:
• The active principle is an alkaline substance of
a very poisonous nature called Colchicine.
• Also have demecolcine and other alkaloids.
• They also contain resin, called colchicoresin,
fixed oil, glucose and starch.
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20. Colchicum Seeds
Therapeutic Efficacy:
• They are are analgesic, antirheumatic, cathartic and emetic.
• They are used mainly in the treatment of gout and rheumatic complaints, usually
accompanied with an alkaline diuretic.
• Sometimes used for treatment of leukemias.
• Colchicine is not recommended to pregnant women and patients suffering from
kidney disease.
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