In response to the long-term care needs bringing about by the aging population structure, governments of various countries have formulated policies in hopes of using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G, GPS and RFID and other Internet of Things technologies to build a mobile medical network; and in remote care, etc. As the issues are fermenting, it also drives the medical industry to integrate the Internet of Things into the next new application stage.

1. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
What is the main application of the IoT in medical treatment?
IoT Application in Medical Treatment
In response to the long-term care needs bringing about by the aging population structure,
governments of various countries have formulated policies in hopes of using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G,
GPS and RFID and other Internet of Things technologies to build a mobile medical network; and
in remote care, etc. As the issues are fermenting, it also drives the medical industry to integrate
the Internet of Things into the next new application stage.
The main application technologies of the Internet of Things technology in the field of intelligent
medical treatment mainly lie in three aspects: material management visualization technology,
medical information digital technology, and medical process digital technology.
1. Monitoring and management of medical devices and drugs
With the help of RFID technology, it has begun to be widely used in the visualization techniques
of material management in medical institutions. It can realize the production, distribution,
anti-counterfeiting, and tracing of medical devices and drugs, avoid public medical safety issues,
and realize drug tracking and device tracking. , All-round real-time monitoring of the flow to the
use process, effectively improve medical quality and reduce management costs.
According to the report of the World Health Organization, the proportion of counterfeit
medicines in the world has exceeded 10%, with sales exceeding 32 billion yuan. Relevant data
from the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association show that at least 200,000 people die each year
from the wrong medication and improper medication, and 11% to 26% of the unqualified
medication users. And about 10% of cases of medication errors. Therefore, RFID technology plays
an important role in tracking and monitoring medicines and equipment, and rectifying and
regulating the market of medical supplies.
Specifically, the application direction of the Internet of Things technology in the field of material
management has the following aspects:
1. Anti-counterfeiting of medical equipment and drugs
The identification label attached to the product is unique and difficult to copy. It can play a role in
querying information and preventing counterfeiting and counterfeiting. It will be a very important
measure for counterfeit and shoddy products. For example, by transferring drug information to a
public database, patients or hospitals can check the contents of the label and the records in the
database to easily identify counterfeit drugs.
2. Real-time monitoring throughout
From the scientific research, production, circulation, and use of medicines, RFID tags can be
monitored in all directions. Especially when leaving the factory, when the product is
automatically packaged by itself, the reader installed on the production line can automatically
identify the information of each drug and transmit it to the database. During the circulation
process, it can record intermediate information at any time and implement full-line monitoring.
3. Medical spam information management
Through the cooperation of different hospitals and transportation companies, a traceable
medical waste tracking system is established with the help of RFID technology to realize the full
tracking of medical waste delivered to the treatment plant, and to avoid the illegal treatment of

2. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
medical waste.
2. Digital Hospital
The Internet of Things has broad application prospects in medical information management. At
present, the demand for medical information management in hospitals is mainly concentrated in
the following aspects: identification, sample identification, and medical record identification.
Among them, identification mainly includes patient identification, doctor identification; sample
identification includes drug identification, medical device identification, laboratory identification,
etc .; medical record identification includes disease identification, sign identification, etc. The
specific application is divided into the following aspects:
1. Patient Information Management
The patient 's family medical history, past medical history, various examinations, treatment
records, drug allergies, and other electronic health records can help doctors formulate treatment
plans; doctors and nurses can monitor patient vital signs, treatment chemotherapy, and other
real-time monitoring information, Eliminate the phenomenon of wrong medicine, wrong
injection, etc., and automatically remind nurses to do medicine distribution and inspection.
2. Medical emergency management
Under special circumstances, such as many wounded people, unable to get in touch with family
members, critically ill patients, etc., with the help of reliable and efficient information storage
and inspection methods of RFID technology, the patient's identity can be quickly confirmed, and
his name, age, blood type, emergency contact number, Relevant detailed information such as
previous medical history, family members, etc., completed the admission registration procedures
and won valuable time for the treatment of first-aid patients.
In particular, 3G video equipment is installed in the ambulance. When the patient is transported
to the hospital, the emergency room can first understand the patient's physiological status and
strive for golden rescue opportunities. If it is remote, even a remote medical imaging system can
be used for emergency rescue.
3. Drug storage
Apply RFID technology to the storage, use and inspection process of medicines, simplify the
manual and paper record processing, prevent out of stock and facilitate the recall of medicines,
avoid confusion between similar medicine names, doses and dosage forms, and strengthen
medicine management, Ensure timely and ready drug supply.
4. Blood information management
The application of RFID technology to blood management can effectively avoid the shortcomings
of small barcode capacity, can realize non-contact identification, reduce blood pollution, achieve
multi-target identification, and improve data collection efficiency.
5. Mistake prevention of pharmaceutical preparations
By adding an error prevention mechanism in the process of taking medicines and dispensing
medicines, it can be achieved in such aspects as prescription issuance, adjustment, nursing
administration, patient medication, drug effect tracking, drug inventory management, drug
supplier purchase, shelf life, and environmental conditions. Informative management of
pharmaceutical preparations, confirm the types of preparations used by patients, record the flow
of patients and save batch numbers, etc., to avoid negligence of medications, and safe use of

3. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
medications by patients.
6. Medical device and drug traceability
Accurately record items and patient identities, including basic information on product use,
specific product information related to adverse events, areas where the same quality problem
product may occur, patients involved in the problem product, location of the problem product
that has not been used, etc., Traceback to bad products and related patients, control all unused
medical devices and drugs, and provide strong support for accident handling.
7. Information sharing and interconnection
Through the sharing and interconnection of medical information and records, integrate and form
a well-developed comprehensive medical network. On the one hand, authorized doctors can
review the patient's medical history, patient history, treatment measures, and insurance details.
Patients can also choose or change doctors and hospitals on their own; on the other hand, they
support township and community hospitals to seamlessly connect with central hospitals in
information and can obtain expert advice, arrange referrals and receive training in real-time.
8. Newborn anti-theft system
Combine the maternity and obstetrics department of a large general hospital or the maternal and
child identification management of the maternity and child hospital, baby anti-theft management,
and channel authority to prevent outsiders from entering and leaving at will. In particular, after
the baby is born, the baby should also wear an "RFID wristband" that can be marked with a
unique identity, and make the baby's information and the mother's information have a unique
correspondence. To determine whether the baby is wrong, just compare the mother The baby's
"RFID wristband" information is enough, which avoids the occurrence of the baby holding the
wrong incident.
9. Alarm system
Through real-time monitoring and tracking of hospital medical equipment and patients, it shows
that patients send emergency distress signals to prevent patients from running away privately,
prevent damage or theft of valuable devices, and protect temperature-sensitive drugs and
laboratory samples.
3. Remote medical monitoring
Remote medical monitoring mainly uses the Internet of Things technology to build a
patient-centric remote consultation and continuous monitoring service system based on critically
ill patients. The original intention of remote medical monitoring technology is to reduce the
number of patients entering hospitals and clinics.
According to a 2005 report by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), about 50% of Americans
suffer from at least one chronic disease, and their treatment costs account for more than
three-quarters of the US $ 2 trillion in medical expenditure. In addition to the high cost of
high-tech treatment and surgery, doctors ’routine examinations, laboratory tests, and other
monitoring services cost about billions of dollars.
With the advancement of telemedicine technology, high-precision and sophisticated sensors have
been able to achieve effective mutual trust within the body-area of patients, and the focus of
telemedicine monitoring has gradually shifted from improving lifestyles to providing timely
life-saving information. 1. Exchange medical plans.

4. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
In practical applications, the relevant health information of the residents of the community can
be transmitted to the rear through wireless and video methods to establish personal medical files
and improve the quality of primary medical services; allow doctors to conduct virtual
consultations and provide intellectual support for large hospitals and large experts for basic
hospitals High-quality medical resources are extended to grassroots medical institutions; building
a long-distance continuing education service system for clinical cases, etc., to improve the quality
of continuing education for medical staff in grassroots hospitals.
1. The application of RFID to help the elderly live independently
Computer scientists at the University of Adelaide are leading a project to develop a new RFID
sensor system, illustrating that older people maintain independent lives and take care of
themselves safely. Researchers use RFID and sensor technology to automatically identify and
monitor human activities; they can determine the normal routine maintenance of individuals,
and provide timely help when dangers come, which has great potential value in an aging
population.
The input cost of the system is low, there are no privacy issues and intensive monitoring and
monitoring, and the monitored object (elderly person) does not need to wear additional items.
2. Application of smart wheelchair
The task of the smart wheelchair is to safely and conveniently send the user to the destination to
complete the established task. During the exercise, the wheelchair not only needs to accept the
user's instructions but also needs to activate its own obstacle avoidance, navigation and other
functional modules in combination with environmental information. Unlike the mobile robot, the
wheelchair and the user become a cooperative system during use.
During the exercise, the wheelchair not only needs to accept the user's instructions but also
needs to activate its own obstacle avoidance, navigation and other functional modules in
combination with environmental information. Unlike the mobile robot, the wheelchair and the
user become a cooperative system during use. This requires that the human factor be taken into
consideration at the beginning of the design. Therefore, safety, comfort, and ease of operation
should become the most important factors in the design of smart wheelchairs; the difference in
the physical capabilities of users determines that smart wheelchairs need to be designed as An
electronic system with multiple functions that can meet the needs of multiple levels, and
modularity can best reflect the multi-functional characteristics of the system. Each user can
choose the appropriate module integration according to their own type and degree of disability,
and the designer can By adding functional modules on the existing basis, it is very convenient to
improve the functions of wheelchairs.
The overall functions of the intelligent wheelchair can be divided into the following sub-functions:
environment perception and navigation functions, control functions, driving functions, and
human-computer interaction functions. Through the functional analysis and module division of
the intelligent wheelchair, combined with specific research content and desired control
objectives, this system is mainly composed of three parts: a sensor module, a drive control
module and a human-computer interaction module. Among them, the sensor module is mainly
composed of two parts: internal state perception and external environment perception. The
posture information of the wheelchair is determined by the posture sensor; the self-positioning

5. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
information is obtained through the displacement speed and distance of the encoder; vision,
ultrasound and proximity switches are mainly responsible for continuous acquisition Distance
information of surrounding environment and obstacles. For the drive control module, we adopt
the method of rear-wheel drive. Each rear wheel is equipped with an electric motor to realize the
forward, backward and steering of the electric wheelchair under the operation of the controller.
The human-computer interaction interface is realized by the operation stick and the personal
computer interface data input two ways to realize the basic human-computer interaction
function.
The smart wheelchair has 2 independent drive wheels, each equipped with a motor code wheel.
The real-time detection data of two motor code discs constitute an odometer-type relative
positioning sensor. At the same time, an inclination sensor and a gyroscope are installed to
measure the posture state of the wheelchair during travel. Ultrasonic sensors and proximity
switches are used to sense information about the surrounding environment. In order to obtain
obstacle information in a larger range, this system is equipped with 8 infrared sensors and 8
ultrasonic sensors. In addition, a CCD camera is installed to determine the depth information of
the road ahead.
It can only rely on two wheels to complete the balance of the car body. This distinguishing
feature requires it to have a special structure. The basic design idea is to keep the two wheels
driven by independent DC motors, and the line is on one axis, and the center of gravity of the car
body is kept above the wheel axis. The sensor acquires the posture information of the vehicle
body in real-time, and the processor of the robot processes the sensor signal, calculates the
control amount according to a certain control algorithm to control the speed and steering of the
motor, drives the robot forward or backward, and completes the balance of the vehicle body.
The intelligent wheelchair uses a combination of an inclination sensor and a gyroscope to form
an attitude sensor to detect the running attitude of the vehicle body platform. The tilt sensor is
used to measure the angle of the wheelchair from the vertical direction, and the gyroscope is
used to measure the angular velocity.
3. Mobile medical
By monitoring some vital signs such as body temperature, heartbeat, etc., a physical condition
including the person's weight, cholesterol content, fat content, protein content, and other
information is established for each customer, real-time analysis of human health status, and the
feedback of physiological indicators to the community, Caregivers or related medical units can
promptly provide customers with advice on diet adjustment and medical care, and can also
provide scientific research materials for hospitals and research institutes.
4. Application of RFID wristband
In the near future, mobile phones will become everyone's personal doctors.
Everyone estimates that they have personal feelings. It is a very common thing to queue up in the
hospital. Waiting and anxiety are the most common expressions on people's faces. This pain can
sometimes be more tormenting than sickness. Because the patients are so troubled to see a
doctor, the hospital is also overwhelmed by the tens of thousands of outpatients every day. But
in the near future, these will change. Experts will "live in" the mobile phone, and the mobile
phone becomes everyone's personal doctor. This is the prospect of healthy Internet of Things

6. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
that Yu Mengsun, vice chairman of the Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering and
academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, gave to people.
Everyone wants to see an expert when they are sick, but there are few experts. How can they
serve everyone? But this will become a reality in the future. The most important thing for an
expert is experience, and these experiences are often accumulated based on the data pointers
obtained by the patient's illness. If a database of expert experience can be accumulated, when
the parameters of this database are rich enough, as long as the patient falls ill himself The
parameter pointers are entered, the database will automatically see the patient, and this
database will eventually be a "robot expert".
These jerky databases may not be understood by many citizens, but for example, if an expert
specializes in cancer, as long as enough of the expert ’s treatment plan is collected, these
treatment plans are combined with the patient ’s pathological indicators to establish an expert.
Database model, for example, when the database pointers of 10,000 leukemia people are
collected, then this database has 10,000 kinds of solutions for leukemia treatment, that is to say,
an ordinary leukemia person, as long as the test parameters are entered into this In the database,
the database will automatically generate a treatment plan based on the previous expert
experience, and this treatment plan is the daily treatment experience of this expert. Such a
database will eventually become a software built into the mobile phone. Once sick, the software
on the mobile phone will be automatically treated, and if there is a situation that cannot be
judged, experts will personally treat the patient through the Internet. At that time, every citizen's
mobile phone will be a "machine private doctor".
5. Application of GPS to locate heart patients
Everyone must build their own health database. A heart attacker, if a digital health file is
established, once the heart rate is abnormal or even at high risk, the data will be immediately
transmitted back to our system. Through GPS positioning, we can help patients dial 120
immediately and contact the nearest hospital for assistance.
This is a simple IoT application, but in the future, every citizen ’s home will have a medical
examination device. As long as the citizen puts his palm on this device, the device will collect
blood pressure, heartbeat, pulse, body temperature and other factors. In the future, even some
simple tests can be completed on the device. After these data are collected, they will be
automatically transferred to the hospital's data center. Once the situation arises, the doctor will
prompt you to be admitted to the hospital for further examination, or take the nearest treatment
measures. If necessary, people's physical examination may be performed daily.
6. Only one card and one wristband for medical treatment
Every time people enter the subway, people feel very relaxed, and swiping the card will solve
everything.
In the Healthy Internet of Things, seeing a doctor is like taking a subway, and it's all solved with a
single card.
In the medical process, the patient uses the ID card as the only legal identity certificate to scan on
a specific automatic card handling machine (reader and reader), and deposits a certain amount of
spare money, the automatic card handling machine will be generated in a few seconds A "RFID
medical card" (also can be used by a dedicated medical insurance card), complete the registration.

7. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
The patient can go directly to any department with the card, and the system automatically
transmits the patient information to the doctor ’s workstation in the corresponding department.
During the diagnosis and treatment, the doctor ’s examination, medication, and treatment
information will be transmitted to the corresponding department. Scanning on the reader of the
relevant department with the "RFID medical card" can check, take medicine, and treat, and there
is no need to travel back and forth due to price and payment. After the visit, you can print the
invoice and expense list with the card at the toll booth.
In addition, corresponding to the "RFID medical card" is the "RFID wristband" used in
hospitalization, which includes information such as the patient's name, gender, age, occupation,
registration time, consultation time, diagnosis time, inspection time, cost and other information.
The patient's identity information is obtained without manual input, and the data can be
encrypted, which ensures the only source of the patient's identity information, avoids errors that
may be generated by manual input, and encrypts and maintains the security of the data. In
addition, the wristband also has a positioning function, so the person wearing the wristband can
no longer sneak out of the hospital.
When someone forcibly removes the "RFID wristband" or the patient exceeds the range
prescribed by the hospital, the system will alarm; wear an "RFID wristband with monitoring vital
signs (breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, pulse) and set" critical value " "Band" can monitor
changes in vital signs for 24 hours, when the "critical value" is reached, the system will
automatically alarm immediately, so that medical staff can intervene in the first time. In the
medical process, the patient's information such as inspection, radiography, surgery, and
medication can be confirmed through the "RFID wristband", and the starting time of each work is
recorded to ensure that all levels of each The medical care and inspection staff implement the
doctor's orders in place without errors, so as to implement the entire quality control of the entire
diagnosis and treatment process.
Patients can check the occurrence of medical expenses at any time on the designated reader
through the "RFID wristband", and can print the results of the expenses themselves, as well as
medical insurance policies, regulations, nursing guidance, medical programs, drug information,
etc., to improve The ease and satisfaction of patients in obtaining medical information.
Fourth, the technical difficulties of the Internet of Things in the application of medical care
At present, there are still several technical problems to be solved in the medical care application
of the Internet of Things:
1. Dynamic networking and node mobility management in large-scale networks
When the monitoring system is extended to residential areas, cities, and even the whole country,
its network scale is huge, and both monitoring nodes and base stations have certain mobility.
Therefore, an appropriate network topology management structure and node mobility
management method must be designed.
2. Data integrity and data compression
Nodes sometimes need to monitor human parameters for up to 24 hours. The amount of data
collected is large, and the storage capacity is small. Compression algorithms are often used to
reduce the amount of data storage and transmission. However, the high cost of traditional data
compression algorithms is not suitable for sensors. node. In addition, the compression algorithm

8. C&T RF Antennas Inc
www.ctrfantennas.com rfproducts1@ctrfantennas.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
 Jasmine Lu (+86)17322110281
cannot damage the original data, otherwise, it will cause misdiagnosis.
3. Data security
Wireless sensor network nodes use a self-organizing method to form a network, which is
vulnerable to attacks. In addition, patient information needs to be kept confidential. The
computing power of sensor nodes is quite limited, and traditional security and encryption
technologies are not applicable. Therefore, an additional algorithm suitable for sensor nodes
must be designed.
In short, smart medical care provides a variety of services, including long-term treatment,
prevention and early detection of chronic diseases. Through the Internet of Things technology, its
development will eventually be to establish a link between the inside and outside of the hospital,
even with the patient. Linked system.