The document discusses the use of have to/has to/had to to express necessity or obligation in the present and past tense. It provides examples of the positive and negative forms, including questions and short answers. Any is used in negatives and questions, while some is used in affirmatives. The document also covers the possessive adjectives my/mine, your/yours, his/his, our/ours, their/theirs and provides examples of their use.

1. Unit 7 and 8

2.  Form in the present:
◦ Positive: have to + verb/ has to + verb (he/she/it)
◦ Negative: don’t have to + verb / doesn’t have to + verb
(he/she/it)
 Form in the past:
◦ Positive: had to + verb
◦ Negative: didn’t have to + verb
When do we use it?
Rule: We use have to to say ‘This is necessary’.
We use don’t have to to say ‘This isn’t necessary’.

3.  Positive:
◦ subject + have to / has to / had to + verb:
He has to go to school today, it’s Monday.
 Negative:
◦ subject + don’t / doesn’t / didn’t + have to + verb
You didn’t have to go to school two days ago.

4.  Questions:
◦ Do / Does / Did + subject + have to + verb:
Does he have to go to school today? He looks
as white as a sheet.
 Short answers:
◦ subject + do(n’t) / does(n’t) / did(n’t)
Do your parents have to go to work every day?
– No, they don’t.

5. (present or past, positive or negative)
1. I … stay at home last night.
2. My parents … work last summer.
3. Jamie and Janine … do the ironing every
week. Their mother does.
4. Lucy … learn Spanish from her parents. She
hates it.
5. She … stay in Holland all summer because
her parents wanted her to go to Spain to
practice her Spanish.

6. (present or past, positive or negative)
1. I had to stay at home last night.
2. My parents had to work last summer.
3. Jamie and Janine doesn’t have to do the ironing
every week. Their mother does.
4. Lucy has to learn Spanish from her parents. She
hates it.
5. She didn’t have to stay in Holland all summer
because her parents wanted her to go to Spain
to practice her Spanish.

7.  Mnemonic:
◦ Bij vragen en ontkennie (ontkenning) gebruik je
geen ‘some’, maar ‘any’.
Wanneer gebruik je het?
Rule: With uncountable and plural nouns, we
use some in positive sentences. We use any in
negative sentences and questions.

8.  Betekenis: enige, een paar
Any:
◦ Vraag ?
◦ Ontkenning (NOT)
 Some:
◦ Bevestigend
◦ (Als het dus geen vraag en geen
ontkenning is!)

9. 1. I haven’t got … paper
2. There aren’t … apples in the kitchen.
3. There is … milk left in the fridge.
4. Have you got … vegetables or should I go
get groceries?
4. I’ve got … good ideas for the band.

10. 1. I haven’t got any paper
2. There aren’t any apples in the kitchen.
3. There is some milk left in the fridge.
4. Have you got any vegetables or should I go
get groceries?
4. I’ve got some good ideas for the band.

11.  This tea is for me
 It’s my tea
 This tea is mine
 This coffee is for you
 This is your coffee
 This coffee is yours

12.  This hot chocolate is for him
 This is his hot chocolate
 This hot chocolate is his
 These drinks are for us
 These are our drinks
 These drinks are ours
 This cake is for them
 This is their cake
 This cake is theirs

13. 1. Here is (you / your / yours) tea. This one is
(me / my / mine).
2. (Him / His) sister isn't very bright.
3. (Them / Their / Theirs) timetables are
different from (us / our / ours).
4. Peter, where’s Matthew? Someone’s on the
telephone for (his / him).

14. 1. Here is your tea. This one is mine.
2. His sister isn't very bright.
3. Their timetables are different from ours.
4. Peter, where’s Matthew? Someone’s on the
telephone for him.