IEEE 802 is a set of standards dealing with local and metropolitan area networking technologies. It includes standards for Ethernet, wireless LANs, token ring networks, and other technologies. The standards define the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Working groups maintain and develop standards for specific technologies areas, such as 802.11 for wireless LANs, 802.3 for Ethernet, and 802.16 for wireless broadband networks. The standards are developed through the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee.

1. IEEE 802 STANDARD
2017
IEEE 802
DR. ANKITA TIWARI
AMITY UNIVERSITY | Lucknow

2. IEEE 802 is a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and metropolitan area networks.
More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets. By contrast, in cell
relay networks data is transmitted in short, uniformly sized units called cells. Isochronous networks, where data is
transmitted as a steady stream of octets, or groups of octets, at regular time intervals, are also out of the scope of this
standard. The number 802 was simply the next free number IEEE could assign, though “802” is sometimes associated
with the date the first meeting was held — February 1980.
The services and protocols specified in IEEE 802 map to the lower two layers (Data Link and Physical) of the seven-
layer OSI networking reference model. In fact, IEEE 802 splits the OSI Data Link Layer into two sub-layers
named Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC), so that the layers can be listed like this:
 Data link layer
 LLC Sublayer
 MAC Sublayer
 Physical layer
The IEEE 802 family of standards is maintained by the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC). The
most widely used standards are for the Ethernet family, Token Ring, Wireless LAN, Bridging and Virtual Bridged
LANs. An individual Working Group provides the focus for each area.
IEEE 802.1 is a working group of the IEEE 802 project of the IEEE Standards Association.
It is concerned with:
 802 LAN/MAN architecture
 internetworking among 802 LANs, MANs and wide area networks
 802 Link Security
 802 overall network management
 protocol layers above the MAC & LLC layers
IEEE 802.2 is the original name of the ISO/IEC 8802-2 standard which defines Logical Link Control (LLC) as the
upper portion of the data link layer of the OSI Model.[1]
The original standard developed by the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in collaboration with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was
adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1998, but it still remains an integral part of the
family of IEEE 802 standards for local and metropolitan networks.
LLC is a software component that provides a uniform interface to the user of the data link service, usually the network
layer. LLC may offer three types of services:
 Unacknowledged connectionless mode services (mandatory)
 Connection mode services (optional)
 Acknowledged connectionless mode services (optional)
Conversely, the LLC uses the services of the Media Access Control (MAC), which is dependent on the specific
transmission medium (Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, 802.11, etc.). Using LLC is compulsory for all IEEE
802 networks with the exception of Ethernet. It is also used in Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) which is not
part of the IEEE 802 family.
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of IEEE standards produced by the working group defining
the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. This is generally a local area
network technology with some wide area network applications. Physical connections are made between nodes and/or
infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper or fiber cable.
802.3 is a technology that supports the IEEE 802.1 network architecture.
802.3 also defines LAN access method using CSMA/CD.
Token bus is a network implementing the token ring protocol over a "virtual ring" on a coaxial cable.[1]
A token is
passed around the network nodes and only the node possessing the token may transmit. If a node doesn't have anything
to send, the token is passed on to the next node on the virtual ring. Each node must know the address of its neighbour
in the ring, so a special protocol is needed to notify the other nodes of connections to, and disconnections from, the
ring.[2]
Token bus was standardized by IEEE standard 802.4. It is mainly used for industrial applications. Token bus was used
by General Motors for their Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) standardization effort.[3]
This is an

3. application of the concepts used in token ring networks. The main difference is that the endpoints of the bus do not
meet to form a physical ring.
Token ring local area network (LAN) technology is a communications protocol for local area networks. It uses a
special three-byte frame called a "token" that travels around a logical "ring" of workstations or servers. This token
passing is a channel access method providing fair access for all stations, and eliminating the collisions of contention-
based access methods.
Introduced by IBM in 1984, it was then standardized with protocol IEEE 802.5 and was fairly successful, particularly
in corporate environments, but gradually eclipsed by the later versions of Ethernet.
IEEE 802.6 is a standard governed by the ANSI for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). It is an improvement of an
older standard (also created by ANSI) which used the Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) network structure. The
FDDI-based standard failed due to its expensive implementation and lack of compatibility with
current LAN standards. The IEEE 802.6 standard uses the Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) network form. This
form supports 150 Mbit/s transfer rates. It consists of two unconnected unidirectional buses. DQDB is rated for a
maximum of 160 km before significant signal degradation over fiber optic cable with an optical wavelength of 1310
nm.
This standard has also failed, mostly for the same reasons that the FDDI standard failed. Most MANs now
use Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network designs, with recent
designs using native Ethernet or MPLS.
IEEE 802.7 is a sub-standard of the IEEE 802 which covers broadband local area networks. The working group did
issue a recommendation in 1989, but is currently inactive and in hibernation.
The Fiber Optic Technical Advisory Group was to create a LAN standard for fiber optic media used in token
passing computer networks like FDDI. This was part of the IEEE 802 group of standards.
The 802.9 Working Group of the IEEE 802 networking committee developed standards for integrated voice and data
access over existing Category 3 twisted-pair network cable installations. Its major standard was usually known
as isoEthernet.
IsoEthernet combines 10 megabits per second Ethernet and 96 64-kilobits per second ISDN "B" channels. It was
originally developed to provide data and voice/video over the same wire without degradation by fixing the amount
of bandwidth assigned to the Ethernet and B-channel sides.
There was some vendor support for isoEthernet, but it lost in the marketplace due to the rapid adoption of Fast Ethernet
and the working group was disbanded.
IEEE 802.10 is a former standard for security functions that could be used in both local area
networks and metropolitan area networks based on IEEE 802 protocols.
802.10 specifies security association management and key management, as well as access control, data
confidentiality and data integrity.
The IEEE 802.10 standards were withdrawn in January 2004 and this working group of the IEEE 802 is not currently
active. Security for wireless networks was standardized in 802.11i.
The Cisco Inter-Switch Link (ISL) protocol for supporting VLANs on Ethernet and similar LAN technologies was
based on IEEE 802.10; in this application 802.10 has largely been replaced by IEEE 802.1Q.
The standard being developed has 8 parts:
a. Model, including security management
b. Secure Data Exchange (SDE) protocol
c. Key Management
d. - has now been incorporated in 'a' -
e. SDE over Ethernet 2.0
f. SDE Sublayer Management
g. SDE Security Labels
h. SDE PICS Conformance.
Parts b, e, f, g, and h are incorporated in IEEE Standard 802.10-1998.

4. IEEE 802.11 is a set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for
implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the 900 MHz and 2.4, 3.6, 5,
and 60 GHz frequency bands. They are created and maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE) LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). The base version of the standard was released in
1997, and has had subsequent amendments. The standard and amendments provide the basis for wireless network
products using the Wi-Fi brand. While each amendment is officially revoked when it is incorporated in the latest
version of the standard, the corporate world tends to market to the revisions because they concisely denote capabilities
of their products. As a result, in the marketplace, each revision tends to become its own standard.
IEEE 802.15 is a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE 802 standards
committee which specifies wireless personal area network (WPAN) standards. There are 10 major areas of
development, not all of which are active. The number of Task Groups in IEEE 802.15 varies based on the number of
active projects. The current list of active projects can be found on the IEEE 802.15
IEEE 802.15 is a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE 802 standards
committee which specifies wireless personal area network (WPAN) standards. There are 10 major areas of
development, not all of which are active. The number of Task Groups in IEEE 802.15 varies based on the number of
active projects. The current list of active projects can be found on the IEEE 802.15
IEEE 802.16 is a series of wireless broadband standards written by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE Standards Board established a working group in 1999 to develop standards for broadband
for wireless metropolitan area networks. The Workgroup is a unit of the IEEE 802 local area
network and metropolitan area network standards committee.
Although the 802.16 family of standards is officially called Wireless MAN in IEEE, it has been commercialized under
the name "WiMAX" (from "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access") by the WiMAX Forum industry
alliance. The Forum promotes and certifies compatibility and interoperability of products based on the IEEE 802.16
standards.
The 802.16e-2005 amendment version was announced as being deployed around the world in 2009. The version IEEE
802.16-2009 was amended by IEEE 802.16j-2009.
Resilient Packet Ring (RPR), also known as IEEE 802.17, is a protocol standard designed for the optimized
transport of data traffic over optical fiber ring networks. The standard began development in November 2000 and has
undergone several amendments since its initial standard was completed in June 2004. The amended standards are
802.17a through 802.17d, the last of which was adopted in May 2011. It is designed to provide the resilience found
in SONET/SDH networks (50 ms protection) but, instead of setting up circuit oriented connections, provides a packet
based transmission, in order to increase the efficiency of Ethernet and IP services.
IEEE 802.18, the Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group ("RR-TAG"), is a working group of IEEE 802, the
LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMCS). The working group currently has 6 projects on standards for radio-based
systems:
 IEEE 802.11 (Wireless Local area network- WLAN)
 IEEE 802.15 (Wireless Personal area network - WPAN)
 IEEE 802.16 (Wireless Metropolitan area network - WMAN)
 IEEE 802.20 (Wireless Mobility)
 IEEE 802.21 (Hand-off/Interoperability Between Networks)
 IEEE 802.22 (Wireless Regional Area Network - WRAN).
IEEE 802.19 is the Wireless Coexistence Technical Advisory Group (TAG) within the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN
Standards Committee. The TAG deals with coexistence between unlicensed wireless networks. Many of the IEEE
802 wireless standards use unlicensed spectrum and hence need to address the issue of coexistence. These unlicensed
wireless devices may operate in the same unlicensed frequency band in the same location. This can lead to interference
between these two wireless networks.

5. IEEE 802.20 or Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) is a specification by the standard association of
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for mobile wireless Internet access networks. The main
standard was published in 2008. MBWA is no longer being actively developed.
This wireless broadband technology is also known and promoted as iBurst (or HC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial
Division Multiple Access). It was originally developed by ArrayComm and optimizes the use of its bandwidth with
the help of smart antennas. Kyocera is the manufacturer of iBurst devices.
802.21 is an IEEE standard published in 2008. The standard supports algorithms enabling seamless handover between
networks of the same type as well as handover between different network types also called Media independent
handover (MIH) or vertical handover. The standard provides information to allow handing over to and
from 802.3, 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, 3GPP and 3GPP2 networks through different handover mechanisms.
The IEEE 802.21 working group started work in March 2004. More than 30 companies have joined the working group.
The group produced a first draft of the standard including the protocol definition in May 2005. The standard was
published January 2009.
IEEE 802.22, is a standard for wireless regional area network (WRAN) using white spaces in the television (TV)
frequency spectrum. The development of the IEEE 802.22 WRAN standard is aimed at using cognitive radio (CR)
techniques to allow sharing of geographically unused spectrum allocated to the television broadcast service, on a non-
interfering basis, to bring broadband access to hard-to-reach, low population density areas, typical of rural
environments, and is therefore timely and has the potential for a wide applicability worldwide. It is the first worldwide
effort to define a standardized air interface based on CR techniques for the opportunistic use of TV bands on a non-
interfering basis.
IEEE 802.22 WRANs are designed to operate in the TV broadcast bands while assuring that no harmful interference
is caused to the incumbent operation: digital TV and analog TV broadcasting, and low power licensed devices such
as wireless microphones. The standard was expected to be finalized in Q1 2010, but was finally published in July
2011.
IEEE P802.22.1 is a related standard being developed to enhance harmful interference protection for low power
licensed devices operating in TV Broadcast Bands. IEEE P802.22.2 is a recommended practice for the installation
and deployment of IEEE 802.22 Systems. IEEE 802.22 WG is a working group of IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards
committee which was chartered to write the 802.22 standard. The two 802.22 task groups (TG1 and TG2) are writing
802.22.1 and 802.22.2 respectively.