Hospital is main source of many infection therefore it is important to use some measures to control cross infection to the patients.

1. INFECTION
CONTROLR . N . A n k i t a A s h o k K a d a m
P G D H A ( 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 )
R o l l n o . 0 4

2. INTRODUCTION
 Hospital infection, also called Nosocomial
infection, is the single largest factor that
adversely affects boththe patient & the
hospital.
 The English word“Nosocomial”is derived
fromthe Greek Nosokomeion, both
meaning “hospital”.
 Nosocomial infectionis the infectionthat
develops in admittedpatients after more
than 48 hours of hospitalization.

3. HIGH RISK AREAS
IN HOSPITALS
Some areascarrya greater risk of Hospital- acquiredinfection than others. Suchareasare as follows:
• Nurseries
• Intensive care unit
• Dialysis unit
• Organ transplant unit
• Burn unit
• Isolation ward
• Cancerward
• Operation theatres
• Deliveryrooms
• Post operative ward

4. HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL
PROGRAMME
The mainaimof the infection control programmeis to lower
the risk of an infection during the period of hospitalization.
The three thrust areas for the infectioncontrol programme
are as follows.
1. Development of an effective surveillance system.
Surveillance implies that observed data are regularly
analysed& reported to those who are in position to take
appropriateactions.
2. Development of policies & procedures to reduce the risk
of hospital-acquiredinfection.
3. Maintenance of a continuing education programme for
hospital-acquiredpersonnel.

5. Basic Elements Of A Control
Programme
1. Providing a systemof identification & reporting of infections, & providing a
systemfor keeping records of infection in patients & personnel.
2. Providing for good hospital hygiene, aseptic techniques & sterilization &
disinfection practices.
3. Providing for personnel orientation & continuing prevention & control.
4. Providing for coordination withall departments & withmedical audit
committee in quality assurance.

6. INFECTION CONTROL
COMMITTEE (ICC)
The infection control committee (ICC) will have
the responsibility for monitoring the occurrence of
hospital infection& recommend correctiveaction.
Members :
1. Hospital Administrator- Chairman.
2. Microbiologist- Secretary.
3. Clinical representative frommajor clinical specialists.
4. Chief Nursing Superintendent .
5. Housekeeping/ Maintenance.
ICCmust meet at regular intervals at least oncea
month.

7. ICC Committee Scope &
Functions
Prepare policy & procedures for
-Use of antiseptics & disinfectants for Hand washing, General hospital cleanliness
(walls, floors, toilets, furniture's, fixturesetc.), instrumentation.
-Ensure proper sterilization of instruments (right methods for right categories of
instruments.)
-Followproperguide lines for reusingof single use devices.
-Single use devices to be discarded properly.
-Prepare & implement safe regulatory procedures for hospital wastedisposal
- Periodic testing of high risk sites for Microbiological flora.
-Deciding antibiotic policy based on microbiological surveillance and in-vitro
sensitivity reports

8. -Supervision to ensure Implementation
-Routine Rounds
-Surprise Policing
-Identification of Infection Source by Microbiologist
-Proper reportingto appropriate authority
-Recommend Corrective Measures
-Training& orientation of all staff
-Continuous monitoring
-Audit of infection incidence
-Guidelines for universal precautions
-Guidelines for staff immunization
-Issuing of regular circulars mentioning & reminding desiredpractices.

9. INFECTION CONTROL
NURSE
Surveillance activities can best be
handledby a sufficiently senior &
experienced full-time nurse, with special
training in Hospital infection control
activities.
In very large hospitals, there should be
at least one infection control nurse for
every 250 beds.

10. Tasks Of Infection Control Nurse
Daily visit to all the wards & patient holdingunits.
Checkingward sister’sreport register for records suggestive of infection.
Collection & tabulation of daily dataof incidence of hospital infection.
Ensuring that specimensof patients are collected & dispatched to the laboratory in time.
Initiating the hospital infection control formwhile documenting for nosocomial infections.
Compilation of wardwise, discipline wise or procedure wise statistics.
Daily visit to laboratory to ascertainresultsof previous dayssamples.
Monitoring& supervision of infection amonghospital staff
Trainingof nursingaides & paramedical personnel on correct use of hygiene practices&
aseptictechniques.
Assist in bacteriological studiesof all cases.

11. EFFECTIVE CONTROL
MEASURES
• People
• Aseptic techniques
• Isolation facilities
• Antibiotic Policy
• Precautions for Staff
• Outpatient department
• Sterilization practices

12. • Dietary service
• Careful Handling of soiledLinen
• GoodHousekeeping
• Terminal Disinfection
• Air hygiene in Operation Theatres
• Developing a sense of Awareness
• Segregation of waste/ Biomedical Waste

13. Biomedical Waste
Management
Bio-medical waste is the waste that is generated during the
diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, or in
research activities pertaining there to, or in the production or testing of
biological. Specimens.

14. Categories Of Waste
• Cat 1 -- Humananatomical waste
• Cat 2 – Animal waste
• Cat 3 – Microbial & Biotechwaste
• Cat 4 – waste Sharps
• Cat 5 – Discarded Medicines & Cytotoxicdrugs
• Cat 6 – Solidwaste (dressings, swabs, cottons)
• Cat 7 – Solidwaste (Disp. items but not sharps)
• Cat 8 -- Liquid waste ( wash cleaning, HK, Lab)
• Cat 9 – Incineration ash
• Cat 10 – Chemical waste(insecticides, Bio prod)