Mechanical Project synopsis on "Automatic Production Line"

1. SYNOPSIS
AUTOMATION PRODUCTION LINE
Submitted to: Submitted By:
Mr. Bhanu Sir Ankit Gupta, RoshanShah,
HOD (Mechanical) Nitin Pal, Danish, Asad.
In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUNDERDEEP GROUP OF INSTITUITIONS

2. INTRODUCTION
An automated production line is comprised of a series of
workstations linked by a transfer system and an electrical
control system. ... Following the programmed commands,
an automated production line is a process that raw materials
enter and finished products leave, with little or no human
intervention.
Each station performs a specific operation and the product is
processed step by step as it moves along the line in a pre-defined
production sequence.
A fully automated production line does not need people directly
involved in the operation, and all or part of the process of the
production is completed by mechanical equipment and
automated systems. Therefore, in an automated environment, the
tasks of human are more likely to change to system design,
adjustment, supervision and monitoring the operation of the
system rather than controlling it directly.
There are three types of automation in production: Hard
automation (also known as ‘fixed automation’), programmable
automation and soft automation (also known as ‘flexible
automation’). The type of automation to utilise is determined by
the type of product and volume.

4. The fast, stable and accurate production flow contributes to the
reduction of production times and the cost of the manufactured
products. The use of automated production lines significantly
reduces production costs and labour costs, and minimizes human
errors, ensuring output consistency and quality.
The use of automated production lines frees up people from the
drudgery of repetitive tasks – replace human labours in tasks
done in dangerous environments, and perform tasks that are
beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed and endurance.
Carefully planned investment in automation can also make good
financial sense. A two or three year payback on reduced labour
costs is the equivalent of an excellent 30%-50% return on
investment.
Moreover, many of the world’s most successful economies, such
as Germany and Japan, have high investment in automation.

5. OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the use of Automated Production line
are:
 To reduce labor costs;
 To increase production rates;
 To reduce work-in-process;
 To minimize distances moved between operations;
 To achieve specialization of operations;
To achieveintegration of operations.

6. 12V 3.5RPM Gear Motor
3.5 RPM 12V DC Geared Motor is high quality low cost DC
geared motor. It has steel gears and pinions to ensure longer life
and better wear and tear properties. The gears are fixed on
hardened steel spindles polished to a mirror finish. The output
shaft rotates in a plastic bushing. The whole assembly is covered
with a plastic ring. Gearbox is sealed and lubricated with lithium
grease and require no maintenance. The motor is screwed to the
gear box from inside.Although motor gives 3.5 RPM at 12V but
motor runs smoothly from 4V to 12V and gives wide range of
RPM, and torque.
Features:
* Operates at a low volume.
* For any project or to replace any old worn out brushless
motors.
* Solidly constructed.
* It's ready to install in numerous applications to vehicles and
wind turbines from agricultural and industrial equipment.
SPECIFICATIONS:
DC supply: 4 to 12V
RPM: 3.5 at 12V
No Load Curent:50mA(max) at 12V
Load Current = 300mA(max) at 12V
Torque: 5kg-cm at 12V

7. Total length: 46mm
Motordiameter: 36mm
Motorlength: 25mm
Brush type: Precious metal
Gear head diameter: 37mm
Gear head length: 21mm
Output shaft: Centered
Shaft diameter: 6mm
Shaft length: 22mm
Gear assembly: Spur
Motorweight: 100gms.
An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument which is used to
sense certain characteristics of its surroundings by either
emitting and/or detecting infrared radiation. Infrared sensors are
also capable of measuring the heat being emitted by an object
and detecting motion.
The Solar Radiation Sensor, or solar pyranometer, measures
global radiation, the sum at the point of measurement of both the
direct and diffuse components of solar irradiance.
The sensor's transducer, which converts incident radiation to
electrical current, is a silicon photodiode with wide spectral
response.

8. A laser diode, also known as an injection laser or diode laser, is
a semiconductor device that produces coherent radiation (in
which the waves are all at the same frequency and phase) in the
visible or infrared (IR) spectrum when current passes through it.
Laser diodes are used in optical fiber systems, compact disc
(CD) players, laser printers, remote-control devices,
and intrusion detection systems.
A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into
an electrical current. The current is generated when photons are
absorbed in thephotodiode. Photodiodes may contain optical
filters, built-in lenses, and may have large or small surface areas.

9. Plyboard is a wood based panel, made of a core of softwood
stripes that are glued together. These stripes are usually 28
mm wide placed edge to edge that is sandwiched between
two veneers of either softwood or hardwood glued under high
pressure

10. A clamp is a fastening device used to hold or secure objects
tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the
application of inward pressure.
In the United Kingdom and Australia, the term clamp is often
used instead when the tool is for temporary use for positioning
components during construction and woodworking; thus a G
cramp or a sash cramp but a wheel clamp or a surgical clamp.
There are many types of clamps available for many different
purposes. Some are temporary, as used to position components
while fixing them together, others are intended to be permanent.
In the field of animal husbandry, using a clamp to attach an
animal to a stationary object is known as "rounded clamping." A
physical clamp of this type is also used to refer to an obscure
investment banking term; notably "fund clamps." Anything that
performs the action of clamping may be called a clamp, so this
gives rise to a wide variety of terms across many fields.

11. What is a Motor Driver?
A motor driver is a little current amplifier; the function of motor
drivers is to take a low-current control signal and then turn it
into a higher-current signal that can drive a motor.
A motor driver IC is an integrated circuit chip which is usually
used to control motors in autonomous robots. Motor driver ICs
act as an interface between microprocessors in robots and
the motors in the robot. The most commonly used motor
driver IC's are from the L293 series such as L293D, L293NE,
L298N etc.
The L298 is an integrated monolithic circuit in a 15- lead
Multiwatt and PowerSO20 packages. It is a high voltage, high
current dual full-bridge driver de- signed to accept standard TTL
logic levels and drive inductive loads such as relays, solenoids,
DC and stepping motors.
DRILL BIT
High-speed steel (HSS) is a form of tool steel; HSS bits are hard
and much more resistant to heat than high-carbon steel. They
can be used to drill metal, hardwood, and most other materials
at greater cutting speeds than carbon-steel bits, and have largely
replaced carbon steels.

12. A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost
always used in conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten multiple
parts together.
A cable tie (also known as a wire tie, hose tie, steggel tie, zap
strap or zip tie, and by the brand names Ty-Rap and Panduit
strap) is a type of fastener, for holding items together, primarily
electricalcables or wires

13. A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more
rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be
used as a source of motion, to transmit power efficiently, or to
track relative movement.
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and
electrically connects electronic components using conductive
tracks, pads and other features etched from copper sheets
laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. ... FR-4 glass epoxy
is the primary insulating substrate.

14. A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at
their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. Couplings do
not normally allow disconnection of shafts during operation,
however there are torque limiting couplings which can slip or
disconnect when some torque limit is exceeded.
An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On
wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating
with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating
around the axle.

15. A microcontroller (abbreviated MCU or µC) is a computer system on
a chip that does a job. It contains an integrated processor, memory(a
small amount of RAM, program memory, or both), and
programmable input/output peripherals, which are used to interact with
things connected to the chip. A microcontroller is different than
a microprocessor which only contains a CPU (the kind used in
a Personal Computer ).
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and
devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical
devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys
and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to
a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output
devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even
more devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common,
integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic
systems.

16. Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of
circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a
rotary cutting tool, often multipoint. The bit is pressed against
the workpiece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands
of revolutions per minute. This forces the cutting edge against
the workpiece, cutting off chips (swarf) from the hole as it is
drilled.
In rock drilling, the hole is usually not made through a circular
cutting motion, though the bit is usually rotated. Instead, the
hole is usually made by hammering a drill bit into the hole with
quickly repeated short movements. The hammering action can
be performed from outside the hole (top-hammer drill) or within
the hole (down-the-hole drill, DTH). Drills used for horizontal
drilling are called drifter drills.
Process
Drilled holes are characterized by their sharp edge on the
entrance side and the presence of burrs on the exit side (unless
they have been removed). Also, the inside of the hole usually
has helical feed marks.

17. Grinding
Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a
grinding wheel or grinder as the cutting tool. Grinding is a
subset of cutting, as grinding is a true metal-cutting
process. Grinding is very common in mineral processing
plantsand the cement industry.
Grinding is used to finish workpieces that must show high
surface qualityand high accuracy of shape and
dimension. It has some roughing applicationsin which
grinding removes high volumes of metal very rapidly.
Grinding is a method of reducing the size of hard materials or
sharpening tools, generally accomplished in several stages. To
produce desired fineness of end products, grinding is done after
crushing. For example, through crushing the mineral ore to
below a certain size and finishing by grinding it into powder, the
ultimate fineness depends on the fineness of dissemination of
the desired mineral.

18. Sorting is any process of arranging items systematically, and
has two common, yet distinct meanings:
1.ordering: arranging items in a sequence ordered by some
criterion;
2.categorizing: grouping items with similar properties.

19. ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS IN
THIS PROJECT
 There are five member in this project and their roles are :
(1). Ankit Gupta: Role in Presentation, Report making,
project inspection, Concept of project, project making,
material handling, Guiding, Information collection,
Material purchasing etc.
(2). Mohd. Asad : Role in designing, project making,
project inspection,guiding, Material purchasing etc.
(3). Nitin Pal: Role in construction, project inspection,
material purchasing, guiding, research work etc.
(4). Mohd. Danish: Project inspection,