slide is about the luminous species emitting light by performing some chemical reaction with in the Body.

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4. Introduction
 Definition- Emission of light from living
organisms through chemical reactions.
 The involved chemical process is chemo-luminescence.
 During the process chemical energy is converted into light
energy.
 Protein-Luciferin and Enzyme-Luciferase.
 Emitted light has less energy, hence light is referred to as
“Cold Light”.
Bioluminescence
Lumen-Light
Bio- Living
Bioluminescence- Light by Living organism
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5.  Initial Records of Bioluminescence (BCE-1500s AD)The
first Greek reference to marine phosphorescence dates back
to 500 BCE with descriptions of marine observations.
 Aristotle (384 – 332 BCE) recorded bioluminescence in
detail. During his study, he discovered that these organisms
were capable of self-luminosity.
 The modern study of bioluminescence began
when Dubois demonstrated the first example of a luciferin–
luciferase reaction in 1885. He made two aqueous extracts
from the luminous West Indies beetle Pyrophorus.
History
R. Dubois
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6. Light Emission Chemistry
The phenomenon of light emission results from an enzyme-catalyzed oxidation reaction in
living organisms.
 For bio-luminescence three ingredients are needed:
 Luciferins- Light-producing protein.
 Luciferase- Enzymes allow a reaction to take place.
 Oxygen.
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7.  Different organisms have different Luciferins and
correspond to a different wavelengths of light.
 Bacterial (A derivative of riboflavin)
 Dinoflagellate (Related to chlorophyll structure)
 Firefly (Requires ATP for bio-luminescence)
 Coelenterazine(Extermly common protiene). etc
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8.  Bioluminescence color spectra and respective Luciferin.
Most of the light emitted in range of 430nm to 600nm wavelength.
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Bioluminescence color spectra

9.  Based on Light emission source and photogenic reaction
three kinds of bioluminescence are recognized.
 Symbiotic- Luminance due to endosymbiotic bacteria
living with some marine species. i.e- Squids.
 Extracellular- Luminance through specialized glands
unicellular or multicellular. i.e. Shrims, Fireworms,
Balanoglosses.
 Intracellular- light emission in the cells. i.e
cephalopods
Classifications
Squids
Fireworms
Balanoglosses
cephalopods

10.  Fungi, Algae
 Mushrooms
 Fire-fly
 Glow warms
 Earthworms
Terrestrial bioluminescence
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11.  Sea occupies the major part of luminescent species, these species emit blue to green light.
Bio-luminescence in Sea
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12.  Around 80-85% oceanic world is bioluminescent.
 Jellyfish
 Coral
 Dinoflagellates
 Dragonfish
Aquatic Bioluminescence
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14. Usage
 Usage of Bio-luminance in Nature
 Attract prey
 Use Light to Lure the prey.
 Angler Fish
 Dragonfish
 Defence/Protection
 Produce light to confuse predators.
 Squid and Shrimps
 Scale worms and brittle stars sacrifice one part of
the illuminating body.
 Communication (in dark)
Angler Fish
Counter
illumination
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Why the Bioluminescence is special?
 Cold light source
 Most efficient of all the sources of light
 No environmental impact
 Once genetically re-engineered, the ultimate source
 Soft mood light.
 Luminosity of Bio-luminescence
 Better understanding of chemistry
 Difficult to re-engineered

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Comparison

17. • As a Light Source
 It is a cold light source.
 Most efficient among others.
As per the University of Wisconsin research e-
coli bacteria can be replaced as a light source.
• Monitoring Environmental pollutants
Detection of drugs on water surface
Assessment of heavy metal by bacteria in water.
Detect any specific pollutant (Arsenic)s
Opportunities and Applications
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18. • Biology and Medicine
 Monitoring of Biological processes(Protein-Protein
interaction)
 Disease Progression
 Cancer cell detection
 Bioluminescence imaging.
Underwater Bioluminescent Assessment Tool (UBAT)
 It is a small sensor used as a shipboard profile to
analyze the biochemical complexity of coastal and
ocean ecosystems.
 Food Contamination in food Industry
 Mimic effect in Movies & Cinema.
 Bio-luminant finished textile materials for camouflage
dress in the military.
 Fashion mimicking, etc.
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19.  Bio-luminescence is a living light (Cold Light)
source.
 There are many useful applications of this cold light
and many more are under research.
 Till now more than 2000 species have been
discovered.
 Bioluminescence is used as a biosensor to analyze
Environmental pollutants and sensitive tool in
biotechnology.
Conclusion
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20. Research paper reference:-
1. Widder EA, "Bioluminescence in the ocean: origins of biological, chemical, and ecological variety,"
Science, Vol. 328 2010, pp. 704–80, doi:10.1126/science. 1174269
2. J.B. Buck: Firefly synchronized rhythmic flashing. Physiol. Zool. 10, 412-419 (1937)
3. Autoinduction and aldehyde chain-length effects on the bioluminescent emission from the yellow protein
linked with luciferase from Vibrio fischeri strain Y-lb were studied by Cho, Colepicolo, and Hastings. 671-
677 in Photochem. Photobiol. 50 (1989).
4. The functions of filters in oceanic animal photophores and their relationship to vision in the oceanic
environment were studied by Denton, E.J., Herring, P.J., Widder, E.A., Latz, M.F., and Case, J.F. R. Soc.
London Proceedings B 225 (1985) 63 97
References
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21. Web and YouTube Resources
1. www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Ve69s0qD0
2. A little film that shows how luminol is made. www.youtu.be/lB g2ddZZYk
3. a moody music-driven video showcasing the stunning splendour of ocean bioluminescence. Visit YouTube at uUbIWqiynBY.
4. http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-brillia...
5. https://mbayaq.co/3Gd6GE0
6. http://bit.ly/U8Ys7n
7. https://www.explified.com
8. https://youtu.be/eWIhn16RsHU?si=bC5o-mRtZN2VhEi_
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