3. Region Area (‘000 ha ) Production (‘000 MT)
India 749 12.874
Uttar Pradesh 8.01 2.75
Introduction
• Solanum melongena L. also called eggplant (US, Canada), Aubergine (UK, Ireland),
brinjal (Indian subcontinent, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa) is a plant species in
the family Solanaceae.
• Centre of origin - India (Thompson and Kelly, 1957).
• Presently, brinjal ranks 4th important vegetable crop in India after potato, onion and
tomato.
4. • Division : Eumycota
• Sub Division : Ascomycotina
• Class : Sordariomycetes
• Order : Diaporthales
• Family : Valsaceae
• Genus : Phomopsis
• Species : vexans
TAXONOMIC TREE
5. Phomopsis blight is caused by Phomopsis vexans and causes over 50 per cent losses in
production and productivity in various parts of the world (Akhtar et al., 2008).
Phomopsis blight variously known as
(1) Damping off disease
(2) Tip over
(3) Leaf blight or leaf spot
(4)Stem blight or Canker
(5) Fruit rot
6. A brief review of work done in India and abroad
Negi (2016) selected three most effective plants viz., tulsi, neem and euphorbia for green
synthesis of AgNPs and performed in vitro evaluation against A. zinniae, the causal agent of
leaf spot of marigold.
Kim et al., 2012 - Evaluated AgNPs at 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm concentration against
Alternaria solani .
Result obtained – AgNPs at 25ppm concentration were found best for disease reduction.
Salama (2012) evaluated the effects of AgNPs on plant growth parameters such as shoot and
root length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, carbohydrate and protein content of economically
important pulses like common bean and cereals like corn .
Result - Lower concentrations of AgNPs had a stimulating effect on the growth of the plants,
whereas higher concentrations induced an inhibitory effect.
7. Vidya et al., (2013) reported green synthesis of ZnO NPs by zinc nitrate and utilized the leaves
extract of Calotropis Gigantea. The ZnO nano crystallites obtained were of average size range
of 30-35 nm.
Gnanasangeetha and Thambavani (2014) studied the green synthesis of ZnO NPs by aqueous
leaf extract of Acalypha indica. The synthesized NPs ranged in the dimension of about 100-200
nm.
Sharmila et al., (2014) reported the green synthesis of zinc oxide NPs by zinc nitrate and
utilized the leaves extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The average size of synthesized nano
crystallites of ZnO were in the range of 30-35 nm.
He et al., (2010) reported that ZnO NPs showed significant inhibition on the fungal growth of
Botrytis cinerea (63–80%) and Penicillium expansum (61–91%) in a plating assay.
8. Raliya et al., (2015) reported that nano‐ZnO has been reported to improve the germination,
root growth, shoot growth, dry weight of tomato.
Thunugunta et al., (2018) reported that ZnO NPs enhanced eggplant growth under greenhouse
conditions.
Plant extracts might be a substantial alternative of chemical pesticides in controlling plant
diseases.
Mohanty et al., (1995) evaluated crude leaf extracts of Allamanda catheritica, Carthemus
roseus, Ocimum sanctum, Aegel marmelos and bulb/clove extract of Zingiber officinale,
Allium sativum at 10 per cent concentrations against Phomopsis vexans in laboratory
conditions through poisoned food technique.
Kuri et al., (2010) evaluated the antifungal activity of six plant extracts at 25% (v/v) or (10 ml
in1000 ml) against Phomopsis vexans in brinjal seedlings and concluded that all the botanical
extracts successfully controlled the mycelial growth of the fungi.
