II SEM BCOM

1. BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 1

2. MEANING AND DEFINITION OF BIODIVERSITY
 The variability among living organisms from all sources, which
includes diversity within species, between species, and of
ecosystems.
 Described in Richness and Evenness.
 According to the United Nations Environment
Programme(UNEP),
Biodiversity typically measures variation at the genetic,
species, and ecosystem level.
 Levels/Types/Elements of Biodiversity:
 Genetic Diversity
 Species Diversity
 Ecosystem Diversity
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 2

3. GENETIC DIVERSITY
• The variety of species is expressed at
the genetic level by each individual in
a species.
• No two individuals belonging to the
same species are exactly similar.
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 3

4. SPECIES BIODIVERSITY
• It stands for the number and
distribution of species in a particular
ecological community.
• The number of species in a region
varies widely depending upon the
varied environmental conditions.
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 4

5. ECOLOGICAL BIODIVERSITY
• The diversity observed among the
ecosystems in a particular region.
• Different ecosystems show a great
variety of life forms residing in them.
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 5

6. BIOGEOGRAPHIC ZONES OF INDIA
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 6
TRANS-HIMALAYAS HIMALAYAN ZONE
INDIAN DESERT
ZONE
SEMI-ARID ZONE WESTERN GHATS
DECCAN PLATEAU GANGETIC PLAIN
NORTH EAST
REGION
COASTAL REGION
ANDAMAN AND
NICOBAR ISLANDS

7. BIODIVERSITY PATTERNS
Pattern in which biodiversity was distributed over an entire area.
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 7
LATITUDINAL GRADIENT
SPECIES-AREA
RELATIONSHIPS

8. BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS
A biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened
with destruction.
The status is designated by the International Union for Conservation of
Nature(IUCN).
Coined by Norman Myers, a British Biologist in 1988.
1992- The Global Convention on Biological Diversity
1989- Myers Hotspots adopted by Conservation International(CI) as its
institutional blueprint.
1996- Reassessment of the hotspots concept by CI
1999- CI identifies 25 biodiversity hotspots.
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 8

9. INDIAN BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS
INDO-BURMA
REGION
EASTERN
HIMALAYAS
WESTERN GHATS
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 9

10. GLOBAL HOTSPOTS
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 10

11. INDIA: MEGA DIVERSE NATION
 Largest democratic republic of the
world.
 Seventh largest by area in the world
 Second largest by human population
 14 major river basins
 Rivers in the north of India(snow-fed);
Rivers in the South of India(rain-fed)
 Average Rainfall: 37cm(Rajasthan) to
1500m(Cherapunji, Meghalaya).
 One of the 17 mega diverse nations in
the world(60 to 70 percent of total
world biodiversity)
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 11

12. ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC SPECIES OF
INDIA
 Endangered Species- A species of animals, plants or other organisms that is in
danger of becoming extinct.
 Endemic Species- Species restricted to only one particular region.
 Extinct Species- No longer found in the world.
 Vulnerable Species- Species whose population face continuous decline due to
habitat destruction or over exploitation.
 Rare Species- Localized within a restricted area or is thinly scattered over an
extensive area.
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 12

13. ENDANGERED SPECIES
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 13

14. ENDEMIC SPECIES
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 14

15. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 15

16. VALUES OF BIODIVERSITY
ANJANA BASTIN-NHC 16